Effectiveness Of Near-infrared Spectroscopy Research Articles

Effect of near-infrared spectroscopy on postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common anesthetic side effect in cardiac surgery. However, the role of oxygen saturation monitoring in reducing postoperative delirium has been controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to analyze whether NIRS monitoring during cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass could reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were systematically searched using the related keywords for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) published from their inception to March 16, 2024. This review was conducted by the Preferred Reporting Project and Meta-Analysis Statement (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic review. The primary outcome was postoperative delirium, and the second outcomes included the length of ICU stay, the incidence of kidney-related adverse outcomes, and the incidence of cardiac-related adverse outcomes. The incidence of postoperative delirium could be reduced under the guidance of near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring (OR, 0.657; 95% CI, 0.447-0.965; P = 0.032; I2 = 0%). However, there were no significant differences in the length of ICU stay (SMD, 0.005 days; 95% CI, -0.135-0.146; P = 0.940; I2 = 39.3%), the incidence of kidney-related adverse outcomes (OR, 0.761; 95% CI, 0.386-1.500; P = 0.430; I2 = 0%), and the incidence of the cardiac-related adverse outcomes (OR, 1.165; 95% CI, 0.556-2.442; P = 0.686; I2 = 0%) between the two groups. Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass helps reduce postoperative delirium in patients. PROSPERO, identifier, CRD42023482675.

Rapid, non-destructive prediction of coconut composition for sustainable UHT milk production via near-infrared spectroscopy

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a promising new technology for revolutionizing quality control and optimization in the UHT coconut milk industry. The effectiveness of NIR spectroscopy in evaluating grated coconut quality throughout the UHT coconut milk production process was thoroughly examined in this investigation. Using a partial least squares (PLS) model, the study successfully demonstrated the ability of NIR spectroscopy to accurately predict the levels of moisture, fat, protein, and pH in grated coconut. The PLS model exhibited strong correlation coefficients in calibration exceeding 0.970 and impressive ratios of performance to deviation values ranging from 3.70 to 11.75, indicating its exceptional predictive capacity. These findings underscore the remarkable potential of NIR spectroscopy in evaluating grated coconut quality throughout the UHT coconut milk production process. By harnessing the power of NIR technology, it becomes possible to consistently produce high-quality coconut milk, optimize processing conditions, ensure batch uniformity, and reduce costs by eliminating destructive testing. NIR spectroscopy is a novel and non-invasive technology for evaluating grated coconut quality in the UHT coconut milk production process, presenting an unparalleled opportunity to advance the state-of-the-art in quality control and process optimization, ultimately leading to the production of superior coconut milk products.

Can NIRS be a surrogate indicator of elective shunt in carotid endarterectomy? A single-center observational retrospective study says no.

Neuromonitoring during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) under general anesthesia is desirable and may be useful for preventing brain ischemia, but the selection of the most appropriate method remains controversial. To determine the effectiveness of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) compared to multimodality intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in indicating elective shunts and predicting postoperative neurological status. This is a retrospective observational study including 86 consecutive patients with CEA under general anesthesia. NIRS and multimodality IONM were performed during the procedure. IONM included electroencephalography (EEG), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and transcranial motor-evoked potentials (TcMEPs). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were calculated for each neuromonitoring modality. NIRS presented a sensitivity and a specificity for detecting brain ischemia of 77.7% and 89.6%, respectively (PPV = 46.6% and NPV = 97.2%). In contrast, a 100% sensitivity and specificity for multimodality IONM was determined (PPV and NPV = 100%). No significant difference (in demographical or clinical data) between "true positive" and "false-positive" patients was identified. Among the methods included in multimodality IONM, EEG showed the best results for predicting postoperative outcome after CEA (PPV and NPV=100%). NIRS is inferior to multimodality IONM in detecting brain ischemia and predicting postoperative neurological status during CEA under general anesthesia.

Classification of Rice Varieties Using SIMCA Applied to NIR Spectroscopic Data.

The selection of suitable rice varieties is the key to achieve high and stable yields, and the correct identification of rice varieties is the prerequisite for seed selection. In this paper, with Kenjing No.5, No.6, and No.9 as the subjects, the effectiveness of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) in the rapid identification of rice varieties was explored. The modeling sets of Kenjing No.5, No.6, and No.9 samples were respectively used to establish a SIMCA classification model based on principal component analysis (PCA). The accuracies of the model in classifying the rice samples in the modeling set were 100, 100, and 97.5%, respectively. Then, the established SIMCA model was used to identify the rice samples in the test set. According to the experimental findings, the SIMCA analytical method achieved 100% prediction accuracy for the Kenjing No.5, Kenjing No.6, and Hongyu 001-1 samples. For the Kenjing No.9 sample, the accuracy rate was 90% with a 10% sample of Kenjing No.9 misidentified as Kenjing No.6. Therefore, the analytical method of NIRS combined with SIMCA could effectively identify the rice varieties, providing a new approach for the correct selection of planting varieties.

Effectiveness of near-infrared spectroscopy as a non-invasive tool to discriminate spectral profiles of in vitro cultured oocytes from goats.

Here, we aimed to discriminate between the spectral profiles of spent culture media after oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) and culture (IVC) from goats of different ages subjected to repeated hormonal treatments. The profiles were discriminated using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate methods. A total of 19 goats (young = 10; old = 9) were subjected to serial hormonal stimulation (HS) with gonadotropins. Cumulus oophorus complexes (COCs) were collected using laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) and subjected to IVM and parthenogenetic activation. The initial embryos were subjected to IVC. Spent culture media were collected after oocyte IVM and on day 2 of IVC and analyzed using NIR spectroscopy. NIR spectral data were interpreted through chemometric methods, such as principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results of PCA analysis clearly showed a separation in the spectral profiles between the experimental groups (HS sessions; young and old animals) both after IVM and IVC. Overall, the main absorption bands were attributed to the C-H group second overtone, first overtone of O-H and N-H, and C-H combinations and may serve as molecular markers. On the other hand, the spectral data obtained using PLS-DA models provided a better classification of the groups. The results showed the possibility of discriminating young and old groups as well as the three HS sessions with high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy using NIR spectra. Thus, the culture medium analysis using NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate methods indicated the dissimilarities between the groups and provided an insight into the in vitro development of goat oocytes. This technique serves as an efficient, objective, rapid, and non-invasive method to discriminate spectral profiles.

Investigating the Effect of Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) on Early Diagnosis of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury.

BackgroundCardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a major adverse effect of cardiac surgery. The early detection of this complication can improve the quality of postoperative care and help prevent this phenomenon.MethodsIn this prospective descriptive-analytical study, 148 patients were enrolled, 107 of whom were selected for analysis between February and September 2019 in the Cardiac Surgery Unit of Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Kidney tissue oxygen saturation was measured at multiple definite times during surgery. Hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and lactate were measured during and 48 hours after the surgery.ResultsForty-one patients were diagnosed with CSA-AKI according to the KDIGO criteria. Parametric and non-parametric analyses showed no significant difference between the CSA-AKI and non-CSA-AKI groups in the demographic parameters. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant difference in parameters, except for BUN. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant difference between both groups and time factors (P < 0.001, P = 0.0006, respectively). The ROC curve analyses showed that in a single point of time, the difference in the middle of CPB time from baseline had a high value in the prediction of AKI (AUC: 0.764; CI: 0.57 - 0.951).ConclusionsKidney saturation monitoring could be considered in cardiac surgery for the rapid detection of CSA-AKI. Although kidney tissue saturation is not correlated directly to the arterial oxygen saturation, the physician and the surgery team can predict the chance of acute kidney injury.

11 The effect of tissue depth and day of healing on effectiveness of near infrared spectroscopy to predict quantitative differences in histological imagery of superficial burn scars in cattle

Abstract Hot-iron branding is a common method of cattle identification. The branding procedure results in a burn scar that once healed, provides a permanent mark. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied to monitor healing and determine age in cattle burn scars. The ability of NIRS to quantify histological characteristics of cattle burn scars has not been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of portable NIRS as a non-invasive chute-side diagnostic tool to detect histological changes in hot-iron brand burn scars during the healing process. Near infrared spectra (1100–1700nm) were obtained from burn scars on 15 Bos taurus cross steers (~ 270 d old; 238 ± 7 kg) at 21, 32, and 51 d post-branding. Spectra were obtained on branded (n = 3) and unbranded (n = 3) skin from each animal, each date. Skin punch biopsies (8 mm, n = 3 per animal) were obtained from a unique subset (n = 5) of animals at each date (n = 44 total). Spectra were analyzed as log 1/reflectance with 1st derivative and scatter correction applied. Skin tissue was preserved in ethanol and subjected to standard histological staining techniques at cutaneous, transitional, and sub-cutaneous layers. Relationships between spectra and histological values were determined by partial least squares regression. NIRS successfully predicted (P &amp;lt; 0.001) Gomori values for the total calibration (RSQ = 0.80; RMSE = 0.20). Success of Gomori calibrations varied by day of healing (d 21, NS; d 32, P &amp;lt; 0.001; d 51 NS). Other staining calibrations were also significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) but not deemed useful for predicting quantitative histological values (RSQ &amp;lt; 0.5). Predictive ability generally declined with depth. Portable NIRS may prove useful as a chute-side histological diagnostic technique but requires further evaluation.

Effectiveness of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRO-200NX, Pulse Mode) for Risk Management in Carotid Artery Stenting

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an alternative monitoring method during carotid artery stenting (CAS). NIRS has been reported to be effective in emergency care; however, it is unknown whether it can predict intraoperative ischemic intolerance and cerebral hyperperfusion during CAS. Perioperative ischemic intolerance and cerebral hyperperfusion are potential events during CAS for carotid artery stenosis. We evaluated whether perioperative monitoring of the tissue oxygenation index (TOI) using NIRS with the NIRO system can predict the occurrence of ischemic intolerance and cerebral hyperperfusion. The TOI of 27 patients was measured during CAS. The relationship between the TOI and ischemic intolerance or cerebral hyperperfusion was analyzed, and the cutoff TOI was calculated to predict their occurrence. Ischemic intolerance occurred in 5 patients during balloon protection. The TOI in the presence of ischemic intolerance was significantly lower than that without ischemic intolerance. The cutoff TOI to detect ischemic intolerance was 50% and that of the TOI change rate before and after balloon protection was 80%. The ischemic symptoms in all patients had resolved immediately after balloon deflation. The cerebral hyperperfusion phenomenon was detected using single-photon emission computed tomography in 4 patients. These patients showed a transient increase in the TOI immediately after CAS; however, none of these patients showed symptomatic cerebral hyperperfusion phenomenon. The cutoff TOI to detect cerebral hyperperfusion was 109% compared with the TOI before CAS. Monitoring of the TOI using the NIRO system could be useful for the detection of ischemic intolerance and cerebral hyperperfusion during CAS and to prevent perioperative adverse events.

Near-infrared spectroscopy as a possible device for continuous monitoring of arterial carbon dioxide tension during cardiac surgery

Insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) to the operative field has been used to prevent major organ injury attributed to air embolisms in cardiac surgery. However, it may be preferable to avoid hypercapnia induced by CO(2) insufflation, owing to its potentially harmful effect. To investigate the effectiveness of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a possible method for continuous monitoring of arterial CO(2) tension during cardiac surgery, we evaluated the correlation between the change in arterial CO(2) tension and the change in regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO(2)) obtained from NIRS in as controlled a condition as possible. Thirty patients who underwent surgical correction for atrial or ventricular septal defects were enrolled in this study. Patients who had pulmonary hypertension or other intracardiac anomalies were excluded. Anesthetic and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) management were conducted according to our standard institutional practice. Data obtained from arterial blood gas analyses and corresponding regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO(2)) recorded from NIRS before and after the insufflations of CO(2) during CPB were used for analysis. The change in arterial CO(2) tension correlated with the change in rScO(2) in the left hemisphere (r = 0.681, p <0.001, y = -1.393 + 0.547x) and right hemisphere (r = 0.690, p <0.001, y = -1.999 + 0.486x). To control the effects of other variables, including hematocrit and temperature, these relationship were not reduced (left hemisphere: r=0.678, p<0.001; right hemisphere: r=0.634, p<0.001). Since the change in regional cerebral oxygen saturation was correlated with the change in arterial CO(2) tension during mild hypothermic CPB, NIRS might be a possible non-invasive method for monitoring of arterial CO(2) tension without incurring additional cost in this setting.

Effectiveness of near-infrared spectroscopy during surgical repair of tracheo-innominate artery fistula

Monitoring regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) by use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a useful method for detecting cerebral ischemia. Tracheo-innominate artery fistula is a rare but life-threatening complication of tracheostomy. The surgical procedures for management of tracheo-innominate artery fistula include direct or patch closure of the fistula, ligation or division of the innominate artery, and anatomical or extra-anatomical reconstruction of the flow of the innominate artery. Division of the innominate artery is the best method to prevent postoperative recurrence of bleeding and infection. However, cutting off the innominate artery flow may cause brain ischemia. We present the case of a patient with tracheo-innominate artery fistula successfully treated by dividing the innominate artery while the rSO(2) was monitored. In this case report, we have shown that NIRS is a useful method for deciding the surgical maneuver for tracheo-innominate artery fistula.

The spatial effect of near-infrared spectroscopy and its application to the study of supramolecular chemistry

An unlooked-for experimental observation that in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) the absorption peak of the second overtone of aniline adsorbed by 13X molecular sieve nearly disappeared led us investigate a fundamental question: the behavior of NIR when the outside space surrounding a molecule is too small to allow the molecule to vibrate freely. Through NIR of various organic compounds adsorbed by different porous inorganic materials like 13X molecular sieve, silica gel and active aluminium oxide, and NIR of supramolecular cyanuric acid-melamine, we can reasonably confirm a theoretical inference that in the micro-environment above, all intensities of NIR absorbance decrease, and the second overtone decreases more than the first overtone does. Furthermore, one distinct feature of NIR, higher sensitivity to the size of micro-environmental space as compared with mid-infrared (MIR), and its potential application to the study of supramolecular structure are outlined by our experiments.