Effects Of Intelligent Transport Systems Research Articles

A novel software architecture for the provision of context-aware semantic transport information.

The effectiveness of Intelligent Transportation Systems depends largely on the ability to integrate information from diverse sources and the suitability of this information for the specific user. This paper describes a new approach for the management and exchange of this information, related to multimodal transportation. A novel software architecture is presented, with particular emphasis on the design of the data model and the enablement of services for information retrieval, thereby obtaining a semantic model for the representation of transport information. The publication of transport data as semantic information is established through the development of a Multimodal Transport Ontology (MTO) and the design of a distributed architecture allowing dynamic integration of transport data. The advantages afforded by the proposed system due to the use of Linked Open Data and a distributed architecture are stated, comparing it with other existing solutions. The adequacy of the information generated in regard to the specific user’s context is also addressed. Finally, a working solution of a semantic trip planner using actual transport data and running on the proposed architecture is presented, as a demonstration and validation of the system.

A Vehicular Networking Perspective on Estimating Vehicle Collision Probability at Intersections

Finding viable metrics to assess the effectiveness of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) in terms of safety is one of the major challenges in vehicular networking research. We aim to provide a metric, i.e., an estimation of the vehicle collision probability at intersections, that can be used for evaluating intervehicle communication (IVC) concepts. In the last years, the vehicular networking community reported in several studies that safety-enhancing protocols and applications cannot be evaluated based only on networking metrics such as delays and packet loss rates. We present an evaluation scheme that addresses this need by quantifying the probability of a future crash, depending on the situation in which a vehicle is receiving a beacon message [e.g., a cooperative awareness message (CAM) or a basic safety message (BSM)]. Thus, our criticality metric also allows for fully distributed situation assessment. We investigate the impact of safety messaging between cars approaching an intersection using a modified road traffic simulator that allows selected vehicles to disregard traffic rules. As a direct result, we show that simple beaconing is not as effective as anticipated in suburban environments. More profoundly, however, our simulation results reveal more details about the timeliness (regarding the criticality assessment) of beacon messages, and as such, they can be used to develop more sophisticated beaconing solutions.

The Impact of Intelligent Transport Systems on Office Location Attractiveness: Testing the Predictive Validity of a Location Choice Model

In recent years, a model was developed describing effects of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) on location preferences of office-keeping organisations in urbanised. The model is based on a Hierarchical Information Integration Approach, using Stated Preference data. The model indicates that ITS significantly contribute to office location preferences. This article presents an analysis of the predictive validity of that model. Office keeping organisations in two mediumsized Dutch cities (Nijmegen and Arnhem) were asked to evaluate existing office locations assuming different ITS scenarios. The analyses show that the model systematically underestimates the attractiveness of office locations. However, the part worth utility scores, describing the contribution of ITS to location preferences, appeared to be good estimators of the added value of ITS. Moreover, the ranking position that responding organisations give to the office locations in their cities is estimated properly by the model.

Ex-ante assessment of the safety effects of intelligent transport systems

There is a need to develop a comprehensive framework for the safety assessment of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). This framework should: (1) cover all three dimensions of road safety—exposure, crash risk and consequence, (2) cover, in addition to the engineering effect, also the effects due to behavioural adaptation and (3) be compatible with the other aspects of state of the art road safety theories. A framework based on nine ITS safety mechanisms is proposed and discussed with regard to the requirements set to the framework. In order to illustrate the application of the framework in practice, the paper presents a method based on the framework and the results from applying that method for twelve intelligent vehicle systems in Europe. The framework is also compared to two recent frameworks applied in the safety assessment of intelligent vehicle safety systems.

Intelligent freight-transportation systems: Assessment and the contribution of operations research

While it is certainly too early to make a definitive assessment of the effectiveness of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it is not to take stock of what has been achieved and to think about what could be achieved in the near future. In our opinion, ITS developments have been up to now largely hardware-driven and have led to the introduction of many sophisticated technologies in the transportation arena, while the development of the software component of ITS, models and decision-support systems in particular, is lagging behind. To reach the full potential of ITS, one must thus address the challenge of making the most intelligent usage possible of the hardware that is being deployed and the huge wealth of data it provides. We believe that transportation planning and management disciplines, operations research in particular, have a key role to play with respect to this challenge. The paper focuses on Freight ITS: Commercial Vehicle Operations and Advanced Fleet Management Systems, City Logistics, and electronic business. The paper reviews main issues, technological challenges, and achievements, and illustrates how the introduction of better operations research-based decision-support software could very significantly improve the ultimate performance of Freight ITS.

The Territorial Effects of Intelligent Transport Systems

The present paper intends to show the regional and social consequences of metropolitan and inter-city Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) through an examination of case studies, with special mention as to the implementation of ITS in Trans-European networks. The ITS encompass a combination of transportation information, communication and technologies in vehicles and infrastructures to make them more accessible. The ITS, although not a panacea that can solve all problems generated by transportation, furnish a considerable number of solutions. They increase the efficiency, effectiveness, and security of all modes of transport, contribute to the development of more sustainable transport, and aid to solve the problems of scarcity of new services.