Effectiveness Of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination Research Articles

The Effectiveness and Sero-Immunity of Hepatitis B Vaccination in People Who Use Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination has been available for over four decades. However, a synthesis of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of this strategy on preventing hepatitis B infection in people who use drugs (PWUD) is lacking. A systematic search of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted up to June 2024. Eight studies reported on the effectiveness of HBV vaccination, defined as a positive result for HBsAg or anti-Hbc in vaccinated versus non-vaccinated PWUD, with a pooled effect size of 52% (95% CI: 28.2-67.9) for HBsAg and 31.89% (95% CI: 14.8-45.5) for anti-Hbc. For sero-immunity, defined as the proportion of vaccinated PWUD with levels of anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL, we found that 66.2% (95% CI: 0.61-0.71; I2 = 94%) had protective levels of anti-HBs. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that the incidence of HBV infection is lower in vaccinated PWUD than in those who did not receive the vaccine. However, the effectiveness is lower than that observed in the general population. This highlights the need for a thorough review of the factors influencing the prevention of HBV infection in PWUD.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Children Aged 1 to 14 Years in Sulaimani City

Background and objectives:Hepatitis-B virus is one of the most serious and prevalent health problems. Vaccination against Hepatitis-B virus is the most effective way of preventing infection and transmission of the virus. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hepatitis-B virus vaccination among children in Sulaimani city Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 384 children aged between 1 and 14 years who received the scheduled 3 doses of hepatitis B virus vaccine in infancy period. Blood samples were taken from all children, and the sera were tested for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and hepatitis B surface antigen using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Results: Hepatitis B surface antigen and total antibody to hepatitis B core antigen were negative in all children involved in the study whereas antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen was positive (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen ? 10 mIU/mL) in 256 (66.7%) and negative (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen < 10 mIU/mL) in 128 (33.3%) children; (77.3%) of children in the age group 1-5 years were positive for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, while the percentage was less (66.7%) in the age group 6-10 years and least (57.9%) in the age group 11-14 years, these differences in the age groups were statistically significant, p value <0.02. Conclusions: Universal Hepatitis B virus vaccination program provided protection to nearly two thirds of children in Sulaimani city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, and seronegative antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen exists in different age groups of the vaccinated children.

Predictors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Titers two decades after vaccination in a cohort of students and post-graduates of the Medical School at the University of Palermo, Italy.

<b>Introduction and objective.</b> The introduction of a vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) for newborn babies in Italy in 1991, extended to 12-year-old children for the first 12years of application, has been a major achievement in terms of the prevention of HBV infection. The objective of this study was to analyse the long-term immunogenicity and effectiveness of HBV vaccination among healthcare students with different working seniorities. <b>Materials and method.</b> A cross-sectional observational study of undergraduate and postgraduate students attending the Medical School of the University of Palermo was conducted from January 2014 - July 2016. HBV serum markers were performed with commercial chemiluminescence assays. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test (Mantel-Haenszel), whereas means were compared by using the Student's t test. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also calculated by a multivariable logistic regression, using a model constructed to examine predictors of anti-HBs titer above 10 mIU/mL, assumed as protective. <b>Results.</b> Of the 2,114 subjects evaluated - all vaccinated at infancy or at the age of 12 years and were HBsAg/anti-HBc negative - 806 (38.1%) had an anti-HBs titre <10 IU/L. The latter were younger, more likely to be attending a healthcare profession school (i.e., nursing and midwifery), than a medical postgraduate level school, and more likely to have been vaccinated in infancy (p <0.001, 95% CI 2.63-5.26, adjusted OR 3.70). <b>Conclusion.</b> The results of the study suggest that assessment of HBV serum markers in workers potentially exposed to hospital infections is useful for identifying small numbers of unvaccinated subjects, or vaccinated subjects with low antibody titre, all of whom should be referred to a booster series of vaccinations.

Seropositivity for Hepatitis B Virus, Vaccination Status and Response to Vaccine in a Cohort of Dental Students

Background: The development of a vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been a major achievement in terms of prevention of HBV infection. To evaluate the immunological status against HBV of dental-profession students, we analysed the long-term immunogenicity and effectiveness of HBV vaccination in Italian dental students with different work seniorities, determining the influence of epidemiological variables on the immune response. Methods: This study, carried out from January 2014 to April 2016, involved 361 under- and post-graduate dental students attending the Second University of Naples. HBV serum markers were determined and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the level of long-term immunogenicity. Results: Of the 361 subjects evaluated, 15 (4.2%) declared no history of vaccination. All vaccinated subjects were HBsAg/anti-HBc negative, with 86 (24.9%) having an anti-HBs titre <10 IU/L. The latter were younger, more likely to be attending undergraduate dental school, and more likely to have been vaccinated in infancy. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that assessment of HBV serum markers in workers potentially exposed to hospital infections is useful to identify small numbers of unvaccinated subjects or vaccinated subjects with low antibody titre, all of whom should be referred for a booster series of vaccinations.

Vaccination against hepatitis b virus: are Italian medical students sufficiently protected after the public vaccination programme?

BackgroundThe development of a vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been a major achievement in terms of prevention of HBV infection. For the present study, we analysed the long-term immunogenicity and effectiveness of HBV vaccination among healthcare students with different working seniorities.MethodsA cross-sectional study of undergraduate and postgraduate students attending the Medical School of the Second University of Naples was conducted between September 2012 and December 2014. HBV serum markers were determined and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the level of long-term immunogenicity.ResultsOf the 2,932 subjects evaluated, only 33 (1.1 %) declared no history of vaccination. All vaccinated subjects were HBsAg/anti-HBc negative, 459 of which had an anti-HBs titre <10 IU/L. The latter were younger, more likely to be attending a healthcare profession school (i.e., dental hygienists, nursing, paediatric nursing, radiography and midwifery) than a medical school (at either undergraduate or postgraduate level) and more likely to have been vaccinated in infancy.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that assessment of HBV serum markers in workers potentially exposed to hospital infections is useful to identify small numbers of unvaccinated subjects or vaccinated subjects with low antibody titre, all of whom should be referred to a booster series of vaccinations.

The safety and effectiveness of HBV vaccination in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis controlled by treatment

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) controlled by treatment.Methods: Among 49 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) at the outpatient clinic of Kagoshima University Hospital, we enrolled 25 who were controlled by treatment. All children were unimmunized and were vaccinated against HBV according to the schedule. Their responses to the vaccine and vaccine adverse events were examined during their visits.Results: Nineteen of the 25 patients with JIA controlled by treatment developed effective antibody responses (76%). All eight patients with JIA below 10 years of age achieved seroconversion. The seroconversion was not influenced by biologics. Five adverse events were observed (6.7%). The rate of all adverse events did not surpass that of a previous report, and all adverse events were immediately resolved. None of the patients with JIA experienced a flare-up or clinical deterioration related to the vaccination.Conclusions: HBV vaccination is safe and effective. Pediatric rheumatologists should consider HBV vaccination for unimmunized patients with JIA, because the response to HBV vaccine might be influenced by age, and children have a higher risk for potential HBV infection than adults.

In Reply to "The Relationship Between Erythropoietin Resistance and Antibody Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients"

Dear Editor, We read with great interest the article by Baris Afsar entitled relationship between erythropoietin resistance and antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis published in your valuable journal. He analyzed the relationship between anti-HBs response and erythropoietin (EPO) resistance among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and demonstrated that EPO resistance is negatively associated with both anti-HBs levels and seroconversion status among these patients (1). Hyporesponsive to EPO therapy or EPO resistance and effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are important issues among these patients. Unfortunately, EPO resistance is relatively common and it may be an important clinical observation since a hyporesponsive to EPO therapy and need to higher doses of EPO may be associated with increased mortality, an effect that persists after adjustment for the usually lower hematocrit in such patients (2-4). A variety of factors may cause patients to be relatively resistance to EPO including absolute iron deficiency which may be due to external blood losses, bone disease due to secondary hyperparathyroidism or the accumulation of aluminum in bone, chronic inflammation, the administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin II receptor antagonists, unsuspected hematologic disorders, development of pure red cell aplasia and etc. (5-9). Compared to the overall effectiveness of HBV vaccination in patients without renal failure (a response rate of over 90 percent), the effect of this vaccination is reduced among patients with ESRD because of the general suppression of the immune system associated with uremia. It appears that only 50 to 60 percent of these patients develop antibodies following HBV vaccination. The rate of response is higher among patients with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis, suggesting that the immune response is positively associated with the degree of renal function (10-12). Although it could be possible and the results of Afsar study suggested that EPO resistance was negatively associated with anti-HBs levels, however, the study has limitations including retrospective design, small number of patients, not available reliable information about the brand of vaccines and the results of the study cannot prove a cause and effect relationship between EPO resistance and anti-HBs levels. Therefore, further prospective researches with a larger number of patients are needed to highlight the underlying mechanisms of EPO resistance and relationship between it and anti-HBs levels and seroconversion status among HD patients.

Clinical Effectiveness of HBV Vaccination in HIV-Positive Patients

Current guidelines recommend that all HIV-positive patients be vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Several studies have focused on HIV patients’ serologic response to the HBV vaccine, but its effectiveness against clinical illness is less well characterized. Now, using data from participants enrolled in the United States Military HIV Natural History Study from 1986 through 2004, researchers have attempted to define the clinical effectiveness. Of 4586 patients in the cohort, 1853 …

Long-Term Durability of Hepatitis B Vaccination–Induced Protection

Rates of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have declined in the U.S. because of universal vaccination of infants. Durability of immune protection has been demonstrated at 5 to 10 years postvaccination; however, whether protection extends beyond 10 years is unknown. In this study, researchers evaluated the effectiveness of HBV vaccination in a cohort of Alaska Natives who were followed for 15 …