Effect Of Fluoride Varnish Research Articles

The effect of Fluoride varnish and Silver Diamine Fluoride in prevention of enamel demineralization around orthodontic bracket through UV illumination: An in vitro study

Brief Background The present in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of Fluoride Vanish and Silver Diamine Fluoride in preventing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets, using a UV light on a group of extracted teeth with bonded brackets. Materials and Methods In this study, 30 samples of extracted human permanent teeth with bonded orthodontic brackets were separated into control group I (no fluoride varnish), experimental group II (fluoride varnish was applied), and experimental group III (fluoride varnish with SDF) to examine the preventive effects of fluoride on enamel demineralization. Teeth were subjected to three demineralization cycles in a standard demineralization solution. Enamel demineralization was measured according to the index of Gorelick et al. in all three groups at baseline, after the first and second demineralization cycles under UV light. Results Statistically significant differences were observed between the control group and the FV group after the first demineralization cycle. (p value< 0.0001) No significant difference was found between baseline readings and after two demineralization cycles in the FV+SDF group. Summary and conclusion Fluoride varnish, along with SDF, is effective in reducing enamel demineralization. During the bonding appointment, the initial application of fluoride varnish around the orthodontic bracket can offer significant protection against white spot lesions (WSL). The development of WSL next to brackets can be avoided with regular professional applications of an FV during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Key Words Enamel Demineralization; Fluoride Varnish; Orthodontic Brackets; Silver Diamine Fluoride.

KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND AWARENESS REGARDING FLUORIDE VARNISHES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS

Background: Fluoride varnishes are increasingly becoming the standard for topical fluoride treatments. While awaiting FDA approval for their use as caries preventiveagents,theyarecurrentlyconsideredoff-labelforthispurpose.This article focuses on the effectiveness of fluoride varnishes in preventing dental caries and introduces readers to various commercially available options. With ongoing clinical trials in the United States shedding light on their efficacy, it is evident that fluoride varnishes will play a vital role in our preventive strategies against dental caries.A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate dental students at Mamatha dental college. Aim:KnowledgeAttitudeandAwarenessRegardingFluorideVarnishesAmong Undergraduate Dental Students. Objective:AnalyzinganddeterminingtheKnowledgeAttitudeandAwareness Regarding Fluoride Varnishes Among Undergraduate Dental Students. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among the dental students ( II, III,IV,interns) in atertiarycareteaching hospital,Khammam, usingaweb-based tool called forms pro, a semi-structural online questionnaire was designed and distributedtothestudentsinordertofill.Descriptivestatisticsandchi-squaretest were calculated using SPSS verson-29. A p- value <0.05 was used to evaluate statistical significance. Result: A total of 220 students took part with females (85.9%) and males (14.1%).Ageofparticipantsrangesfrom19-25years.Amongallthestudents Interns have more knowledge, followed by II-BDS, IV-BDS and III-BDS. Conclusion:Thestudyresultsuggeststhatknowledgeandawarenesslevelof Fluoride Varnishes is adequate.

Effect of fluoride varnishes on oral bacteria of preschool children with cavitated and non-cavitated carious lesions: randomized clinical trial

We compare the effect of calcium and phosphate-containing sodium fluoride (NaF) varnishes to conventional NaF varnish on S. mutans and L. fermentum counts. 3–4 years old children were grouped according to their caries status (n = 45 each): caries-free, with non-cavitated and with cavitated lesions. Each group was randomly subdivided (n = 15 each) into: Group 1- 5% NaF, Group 2- 5% NaF with tricalcium phosphate, Group 3- 5% NaF with casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate. Biofilm and saliva were collected to quantify microorganisms at baseline (T1) and 24-months (T2). Differences between groups were compared using Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn-Bonferroni post-test, at 0.0167 α-level. Significant difference was found for percentage of children with detectable biofilm L. fermentum (p = 0.013) at T1 and salivary S. mutans (p = 0.011) at T2. Percentage of children increased from T1 to T2 in Group 2 with salivary S. mutans (p = 0.007), salivary L. fermentum (p = 0.035), and biofilm L. fermentum (p = 0.019) and in Group 3 with salivary L. fermentum (p = 0.035). Bacterial change was not significant in both samples of intervention groups, except increase in salivary S. mutans (p = 0.038) in Group 3. Both calcium- and phosphate-containing NaF varnishes demonstrated similar antibacterial effect on S. mutans and L. fermentum compared to conventional NaF varnish.

Effectiveness of fluoride varnishes on oral health: A systematic review

Background: Professionally topical fluoride such as fluoride varnish was approved for preventing and remineralizing dental caries in primary and permanent dentitions. As such, fluoride varnish occupies a privileged place since it is the only topical fluoride for professional use applicable for children under 6 years of age, due to its simplicity, speed, rapidity and safety of use. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of professional fluoride varnish in preventing and managing dental caries in primary teeth. Method: A systematic search of publications from 2013 to 2020 was conducted using 3 databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The key words used were “fluoride varnish, children, prevention, remineralization and early childhood caries”. Reviews, non-English articles, and irrelevant studies were excluded. Results: in this article, a total of 08 reports were retained: 4 systematic reviews and 4 trials were included in this review. Three reports investigated the preventive effect on primary teeth using fluoride varnish: 2 comparing fluoride varnish with no treatment and 1 comparing fluoride varnish with standard health program. Two trials investigated the managing effect of dental caries on primary teeth comparing fluoride varnish with standard health program. 1 review reported an arresting effect on dentine caries using silver diamine fluoride. 4 Meta-analysis were performed using 5% Sodium fluoride varnish, to prevent and manage caries, and the preventive fraction ranged from 23% to 70%; highest percentage of 69.9% preventive fraction was observed. Conclusion: The effectiveness of fluoride varnish for the prevention of dental caries was proved, however it depended on the individual caries risk, the area of living of the child and if it is used in complement with a standard health program. On the other hand, the effectiveness of fluoride varnish for the management of dental caries depended on the localization of dental caries.

The Effectiveness of Fluoride Varnish and Fissure Sealant in Elementary School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background:Highly necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive interventions to prioritize them at the community level. We aimed to systematically investigate the related studies on the effects of fluoride varnish and fissure sealant on dental caries in 6–12 children.Methods:We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases using Fluoride Varnish, Fissure Sealant, Caries, and Oral Health keywords. The timeframe selected to search for articles is from 2000 to Dec 2020. CMA software: 2 (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis) was used to perform the meta-analysis. The intervention groups in this study were fluoride varnish and fissure sealants, each of them compared to the control groups.Results:We included nine studies. In the intervention group 84,380 and control group 11,254 individuals were studied. Eight of the studies were Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) and Field RCT, and two was non-RCT. In the overall Fluoride Varnish efficacy study, 4 were fully effective, 1 was ineffective, and all 4 were completely effective for Fissure Sealant. There was a significant difference between decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) indices in both interventions and comparison groups. Moreover, the mean difference of DMFT for Fluoride Varnish and Fissure Sealant in the intervention and control groups were −0.55 and −0.29, respectively (P=0.00).Conclusion:Due to the efficacy of fissure sealant and fluoride varnish in preventing dental caries in children aged 6–12 yr, these interventions can be considered as health priorities of societies and health systems interventions in countries.

Effect of fluoride varnish, glass ionomer and resin sealant on the prevention of pit and fissure caries in young children

Effect of fluoride varnish, glass ionomer and resin sealant on the prevention of pit and fissure caries in young children

Effects of different remineralization agents on MIH defects: a randomized clinical study.

The aim of this study was to present a comparative evaluation of the long-term efficacy of fluoride varnish and pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP with fluoride (CPP-ACFP) in the remineralization of creamy-white and yellow-brown defects in permanent first molars with MIH. The study included 120 teeth with yellow-brown or creamy-white defects in 67 children (37 girls, 30 boys) aged 6-9 years (mean, 7.2) who were newly diagnosed with MIH with no substance loss or caries or prior restorative treatment. The patients were randomly divided into the experiment groups; control (oral hygiene motivation only), fluoride varnish, and pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF, and followed up for 24 months. The evaluations were made based on the ICDAS criteria and the measurements which were performed using the laser fluorescence method (DIAGNOdent, KaVo, Biberach, Germany) in the follow-ups. The research was completed with 49 patients (23 females, 26 males; mean age, 7.7) and 90 teeth. All remineralization agents increased remineralization rates in both creamy-white and yellow-brown colored defects without presenting any statistically significant difference at the end of the follow-up period (p > 0.05). However, the effects of fluoride varnishes were late to observe when compared to pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF. Pastes containing calcium and phosphate may be recommended for the longer-term preservation of teeth with yellow-brown defects which showed a post-eruptive breakdown in a shorter time. There is a lack of studies investigating MIH treatments in which lesion appearance was recorded. This study evaluated creamy-white and yellow-brown MIH defects separately and reported long-term results of different remineralization agents.

Effect of fluoride varnish on glass ionomer microhardness changes in endogenous acid erosion challenge

Objective This study aimed to assess the effect of fluoride varnish on glass ionomer microhardness changes after endogenous acid erosion challenge. Methodology In this study, 40 conventional glass ionomer (CGI; Fuji IX) and 40 resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI; Fuji IILC) discs were fabricated and divided into 4 subgroups (n = 10) for immersion in synthetic gastric acid or saliva for 27 h with/without fluoride varnish application. The surface microhardness was measured at baseline and after immersion, and the change in microhardness was calculated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and T-test. Results A reduction in microhardness was noted in all subgroups following immersion. The lowest change in microhardness of both CGI and RMGI occurred in artificial saliva. In CGI groups, the highest reduction in microhardness occurred in synthetic gastric acid with fluoride varnish application, and the reduction was significantly different from that of the CGI group with fluoride varnish application (p value = .01). In RMGI groups, the highest reduction in microhardness was noted in synthetic gastric acid without fluoride varnish application, and the reduction was significantly different from that of the other groups (p value < .05). Conclusions Exposure to synthetic gastric acid caused a significant reduction in microhardness of RMGI. Varnish application significantly decreased the acid susceptibility of RMGI, but not that of CGI.

Effect of Fluoride Varnish in Dental Caries: A Review

Dental caries remains amongst the most common oral health problem affecting people in the developingcountries. The use of fluoride ions in the form of gels, foams, and varnishes are effective in preventing caries.The varnishes have been routinely used in the western European and Scandinavian countries in the last 30years because of its ability to provide an increased contact time between enamel surface and fluoride, thusinhibiting demineralization of enamel. The technique of fluoride application, along with its advantages,disadvantages, indications, contraindications, and side effects have been discussed in this review.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Fluoride Varnish, Propolis based Chitosan Varnish and Salvadorapersica Varnish on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli count

Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Fluoride Varnish, Propolis based Chitosan Varnish and Salvadorapersica Varnish on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli count

Effect of fluoride varnishes on the surface hardness of bovine teeth under demineralization/remineralization cycling

We investigated whether fluoride varnishes recover the hardness of bovine teeth under 20 days of demineralization/remineralization cycling. The fluoride varnish groups (two commercial fluoride varnishes [V-varnish (Vericom, Korea) and CavityShield (3M ESPE, USA)] and an experimental fluoride varnish including 5 wt.% NaF were compared with a control group without fluoride varnish. Vickers hardness was measured at baseline, 3 days after immersion in caries-inducing solution, 24 hours after application of a fluoride varnish, and after 10 and 20 days of demineralization/remineralization cycling. Afterward, tooth surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope. After fluoride varnish application and the cycling 10 and 20 days, the experimental varnish group showed the highest hardness, while the CavityShield and the control groups demonstrated the lowest hardness. The experimental varnish group recovered the hardness of the baseline at 24 hours after application of the varnish, while it was recovered after 20 days of the cycling in case of the V-varnish. However, the CavityShield and the control groups did not recover the hardness even after 20 days of the cycling. The experimental fluoride varnish with fast recovery in the hardness of the baseline can be used as an effective fluoride varnish to resist demineralization and to facilitate remineralization.

Effectiveness of fluoride varnish on caries in the first molars of primary schoolchildren: a 3-year longitudinal study in Guangxi Province, China

To evaluate the effectiveness of 5% sodium fluoride varnish on caries in first permanent molars and to assess the suitability of using this method to control caries among children in rural areas of Guangxi province, China. A total of nine schools with 32 classes were selected by simple random sampling. There were 999 students in the experimental group and 1,004 in the control group. The experimental group received oral health education and topical application of 5% sodium fluoride varnish, while the control group received oral health education only. Dental examinations were performed in November 2014 and November 2017, and the modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) was used to record the caries status of the first permanent molars. The data were entered into SPSS 22 for statistical analysis. A total of 1,748 students (853 in the experimental group and 895 in the control group) completed the study. After 3years of intervention, the experimental group had a lower prevalence of caries, a lower caries increment, a lower decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index and a lower decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) index compared with the control group (respectively: 58.9% vs 65.5%, 34.8% vs 42.1%, 1.38 vs 1.59 and 2.06 vs 2.38). All the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In this study population, twice-yearly application of 5% sodium fluoride varnish and oral health education were more effective for preventing caries in first permanent molars than oral health education alone. The implementation of fluoride varnish application as a public health measure in schools in rural areas is recommended.

Fluoride varnish and dental caries in preschoolers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of fluoride varnish in preschool children for reducing the incidence of caries into dentine.Data sources Data came from published and grey literature. Databases searched were: CDSR, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, LILACS and BBO. Hand-searching was done of nine dental journals and two medical journals. Backward citation searches were carried out on the reference lists of identified trials and relevant systematic reviews. Trials registers (Current Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, EU Clinical Trials Register, Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, and Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos) were searched for ongoing trials. Grey literature was searched via a number of resources including International Association for Dental Research (2001-2018) and European Organisation for Caries Research (1998-2018) conference abstracts and Open Grey, EThOS, the New York Academy of Medicine (GreyLit Report) and Banco de Teses CAPES.Study selection Inclusion criteria were; the use of fluoride varnish (different regimes and doses were included), randomised controlled trials, preschool age (under 71 months) and over 12 months follow up. Outcomes were caries into dentine and hospitalisations due to caries. A combination of free text and controlled terms were used based on the study question. A total of 2441 studies were identified at initial search, 20 were included for narrative and quantitative analysis after full text reviews of 79 studies.Data extraction and synthesis Data was extracted independently by two reviewers with a third resolving any disagreement. Data was combined by subgroup to compare different interventions and controls, with a global random effects meta-analysis performed on 16 studies to provide a relative risk (RR) of dentinal caries at the individual level. At the individual level meta-analysis was by RR, at the tooth and surface level this was prevented fraction (PF) and weighted mean difference (WMD).Results Only one study was determined at low risk of bias, with four unclear and 14 at high risk based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Studies were from 13 different countries. Children at baseline were from 0-100% caries free, with a dmft of 0-6.57 and aged 6 months - 5 years. There were no studies reporting hospitalisation due to caries. The combined RR for the outcome of dentine caries for an individual was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81-0.95) based on 16 studies with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 75.7%). Tooth level results gave a PF of 31.13% (95% CI 21.08, 41.18) and a WMD of -0.30 (95% CI-0.69, 0.09) for fluoride varnish. At surface level the PF was 24.15% (95% CI 12.91-35.38) and WMD of -0.77 (95%CI; -1.23, -0.31).Conclusions The conclusions of the paper were that there is modest and uncertain evidence for fluoride varnish reducing the risk of developing dentine caries in pre-school children.

Fluoride varnish 4 times a year may reduce the number of surfaces with caries in young children

Latifi-Xhemajli B, Begzati A, Veronneau J, Kutllovci T, Rexhepi A. Effectiveness of fluoride varnish four times a year in preventing caries in the primary dentition: a 2 year randomized controlled trial [published online ahead of print August 20, 2019]. Community Dent Health. https://doi.org/10.1922/CDH_4453Begzati05.

Effect of fluoride varnish with functionalized tri-calcium phosphate on post-orthodontic white spot lesions: an investigator-blinded controlled trial.

To investigate the effect of a 5% sodium fluoride varnish with functionalized tri-calcium phosphate (fTCP) on post-orthodontic white spot lesions. A secondary aim was to study if the patients and their clinicians perceived clinical improvements. Fifty-nine patients with at least two visible WSLs on their maxillary incisors, canines, or first premolars present at the debonding of fixed appliances (baseline) were enrolled and assigned to a Varnish group (Clinpro White Varnish, 3M Espe) receiving topical applications at baseline and after 8 weeks, or a Control group treated with a fluoride-free mock product. The primary endpoint was white spot lesion appearance after 16 weeks, assessed from photographs using the modified ICDAS white spot lesion score (0 to 3). The patients and the dental examiners rated the white spot lesions subjectively with aid of a visual analog scale. Fifty-seven patients completed the study. After 16 weeks, 62% of the white spot lesions in the Varnish group were completely reversed (score 0) compared to 39% in the Control group. The treatment effect was statistically significant (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.59, P = .003) after adjusting for baseline oral hygiene index and type of tooth. A significant correlation (P < .05) was observed between patients' and orthodontists' perception of the lesions. The 5% sodium fluoride varnish with fTCP appeared clinically effective in reversing post-orthodontic white spot lesions 16 weeks after debonding. The patients and the clinicians agreed on the obtained esthetic improvements.

Remineralization Effect of Fluoride Varnishes on Permanent Molars

Remineralization Effect of Fluoride Varnishes on Permanent Molars

The effect of fluoride varnish in preventing enamel demineralization around and under orthodontic bracket

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of fluoride Vanish™ in preventing enamel demineralization around and under orthodontic brackets, using a laser fluorescence monitoring device on a group of teeth, using a laser fluorescence monitoring device on a group of extracted teeth with bonded brackets. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to 32 extracted premolars. Buccal surfaces of teeth were divided into two halves: mesial and distal, fluoride Vanish™ (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) was applied only on the distal half while the mesial one served as control half. Teeth were subjected to two demineralization cycles in standard demineralization solution. Enamel demineralization was measured on both varnished and non-varnished halves at baseline, after first and second demineralization cycles and under the brackets after debonding using laser fluorescence device Diagnodent pen. Data were analyzed using Friedman test followed by Wilcoxon test. Differences were considered statistically significant at P<0.001. Statistically significant differences were observed between the varnished and non-varnished halves after the first and second demineralization cycles at P<0.001. No significant difference was found between baseline readings and under the brackets in both halves. Fluoride varnish application is effective in preventing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Fluoride varnish has insignificant effect on enamel mineral content under orthodontic brackets.

Efficacy of fluoride and others in caries prevention

Background: Dental caries remains a significant public health issue, manifesting in various forms such as early childhood caries (ECC), primary caries, and root surface caries. It results from bacterial metabolism of dietary sugars leading to tooth enamel demineralization. While various preventive interventions, including fluoride and non-fluoride agents, have been employed, their efficacy varies and remains a subject of extensive research. Aim: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride and other preventive measures in reducing dental caries and improving oral health outcomes across different populations and age groups. Methods: The review synthesizes evidence from clinical trials, observational studies, and public health reports on the effectiveness of fluoride varnishes, supplements, community fluoridation, sugar substitutes, sealants, and antimicrobial agents in caries prevention. Key variables include intervention types, dosage, application methods, and demographic variables. Results: Fluoride-based interventions, such as varnishes and water fluoridation, have demonstrated varying levels of effectiveness. Water fluoridation shows a 35% reduction in carious lesions in primary dentition and 26% in permanent teeth. Fluoride varnishes and supplements provide modest benefits, with fluoride toothpaste achieving a 24% reduction in caries. Antimicrobial agents and sealants also contribute to caries control, although their effectiveness is often context-dependent.

The effect of fluoride varnish and chlorhexidine gel on white spots and gingival and plaque indices in fixed orthodontic patients: A placebo-controlled study

Difficulties to maintain good oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment can cause prolonged accumulation of dental plaque, thereby increasing the risk of developing gingival inflammation and periodontal disease as well as enamel demineralization and caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and fluoride varnish versus placebo and control groups on plaque and gingival indices as well as their influence on enamel demineralization prevention in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. In this clinical trial, forty patients with fixed orthodontic appliances were participated and were divided into control, CHX gel (0.2%), fluoride varnish (5%), and placebo groups. The parameters evaluated in this research were dental plaque index (DPI), index of gingival inflammation, and white spot lesion (WSL) index. For all the patients, each index was scored at the beginning of orthodontic treatment, then 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months afterward. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The level of significance was set at 0.05. All the scores showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the four groups for each of the three time points. A statistically significant decrease of DPI, WSL index, and gingival index was observed 9 months after treatment in fluoride and CHX groups. Adding CHX gel and fluoride varnish to the patients' oral hygiene regimen can reduce the development of plaque and gingivitis and decrease WSLs in orthodontic patients.

Effectiveness of fluoride varnish in preventing early childhood caries in rural areas without access to fluoridated drinking water: A randomized control trial.

Early childhood caries (ECC) constitutes a serious public health issue, especially in communities without water fluoridation. We assessed the effectiveness of biannual fluoride varnish applications to prevent ECC in children from nonfluoridated rural areas. A triple-blind randomized control trial with two parallel arms was conducted with 275 two- to three-year-old children without cavitated carious lesions from 28 rural public preschools in Chile. The preschools were located in areas of low socioeconomic status without access to fluoridated water. An oral health education component was administered to children, parents and educators. A new toothbrush and toothpaste for each child was delivered to the parents at baseline and at four follow-up visits. The participants were randomly allocated to receive fluoride varnish or placebo applications every six months. Trained, calibrated dentists blind to the treatment arm performed visual dental assessments at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The primary endpoint was the development of cavitated carious lesions in children during the 24-month follow-up period using WHO criteria, and the secondary outcomes were an increase in caries measured as a change in the index of decayed, missing or filled teeth (dmft) since the beginning of the study and the development of adverse effects. An intention-to-treat (ITT) approach was used for the primary analysis. We included 131 participants in the intervention group and 144 participants in the placebo group; of these children, 89 (67.9%) in the intervention group and 100 (69.4%) in the control group completed the protocol. The comparative ITT analysis of caries incidence after 24 months of follow-up showed a between-group prevention fraction of 18.9% (-2.9%-36.2%). Caries incidence was 45.0% for the experiment group and 55.6% for the control group (P = .081), with a mean dmft of 1.6 (SD = 2.4) and 2.1 (SD = 2.5), respectively. No adverse effects were reported. In conclusion, biannual fluoride varnish application is not effective in preschool children from rural nonfluoridated communities at a high risk of caries.