This study investigates Covid-19 vaccine phobia in Bangladesh’s Rangpur division, focusing on underlying reasons and the effectiveness of communication methods in reducing hesitancy. A survey of 500 respondents across diverse demographics revealed that 60.4% received the vaccine, while 39.6% did not. Most respondents (78.2%) believed the vaccine was safe, though 21.8% considered it unsafe. Vaccine phobia was absent in 71.4%, yet 28.6% exhibited hesitancy due to concerns like side effects (27.6%), needle phobia (18.2%), distrust in vaccines from other countries (18%), and fear of contracting Covid-19 from the vaccine (17.6%). The study underscores the pivotal role of communication in shaping vaccine attitudes, with social media being the most influential source for 45.2% of respondents and the most informative for 36.8%. Traditional media also had a notable impact. Effective communication strategies, especially via social media, are essential for dispelling misinformation, reducing vaccine fears, and improving public health outcomes during pandemics.