Effect Of Cold Application Research Articles

Effect of Cold Application on Pain Relief during Intravenous Cannulation for Cancer Patients

Background: The cannulation of intravenous Analgesia is rarely experienced after this unpleasant procedure, which can also induce stress and worry. Objective: The purpose of the study was to ascertain how cold affected the degree of pain during intravenous cannulation. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was carried out at the oncology department of AL-Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospital in Dhi-Qar from January 4, 2024, until February 3, 2024. After the sample was selected, 102 patients were divided into two groups in order to achieve the study's objective: 50 patients were assigned to the control group and 52 patients to the experimental group. The experimental group was given cold gel, and self-report data collection was used. A visual analogue scale of 10 cm was used to measure pain. Results: The experimental group's post-test results showed a low mean pain score (28.76+20.491), while the control group's data analysis results showed a high mean score (M+SD 76.54+20.427) and severe discomfort during cannulation insertion. The mean pain score during cannulation insertion varied significantly (p=.001) between the experimental and control groups following the use of cold treatment. Conclusions: According to the study's findings, the cool approach helped to lessen intravenous cannulation pain. Recommendations: The study advised patients to be chilled when receiving intravenous cannulation.

Effects of cold application before subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin on pain, bruising, and hematoma formation: A randomized controlled trial

Effects of cold application before subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin on pain, bruising, and hematoma formation: A randomized controlled trial

Effect of Cold Application on Pain After Chest Tube Removal in Patients Undergoing Bypass Surgery

Effect of Cold Application on Pain After Chest Tube Removal in Patients Undergoing Bypass Surgery

The effect of cold application on pain in patients with chest tubes before deep breathing and coughing exercises: A randomized controlled study

BackgroundPain control is very important to ensure the comfort of patients and increase their quality of life. ObjectivesThe purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of cold therapy in patients with chest tube before deep breathing and coughing exercises. MethodsThe study participants were patients with chest tubes, who were treated at a training and research hospital in Turkey between May 2, 2017, and October 24, 2019. Seventy patients participated in the study in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The intervention group, patient identification form, and visual analogue scale were used to collect data. Cold therapy was applied for the intervention group before deep breathing and coughing exercises, and not for the control group. ResultsThe pain rates of the intervention group participants were lower (3.31) after the deep breathing and coughing exercises, than the rates (4.24) before the exercises (p<0.01). The pain rate (5.29) among the control group participants after the deep breathing and coughing exercises was significantly higher than those before (3.47) the exercises (p<0.01). ConclusionsThe study revealed that cold therapy before deep breathing and coughing exercises effectively relieves pain in patients with chest tubes.

The effects of cold application to trapezius muscle on the fibromyalgia

The effects of cold application to trapezius muscle on the fibromyalgia

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM ON LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING COMPLICATIONS OF SUBCUTANEOUS LMWH INJECTION AND EFFECT OF COLD APPLICATION AMONG B.SC. NURSING 2ND YEAR STUDENTS AT SGRRU, COLLEGE OF NURSING, PATEL NAGAR, DEHRADUN

Aims:A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on level of knowledge regarding complications of subcutaneous LMWH injection and effect of cold application among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year students at SGRRU, College of Nursing, Patel Nagar, Dehradun. Objectives: 1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding complications of subcutaneous LMWH injection and effect of cold application among B.sc Nursing 2nd year students. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on level of knowledge regarding complications of subcutaneous LMWH injection and effect of cold application among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year students. 3. To associate the level of knowledge score regarding complications of subcutaneous LMWH injection and effect of cold application among B.sc Nursing 2nd year students with their selected demographic variables. Methodology: A quantitative pre-experimental research design is used in this study as there is a need to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on level of knowledge regarding complications of subcutaneous LMWH injection and effect of cold application among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year students at SGRRU, College of Nursing, Patel Nagar, Dehradun. The conceptual framework used for this study is based on system theory developed by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy. A quantitative pre-experimental research design is used in this study. Sample in this study were selected by using convenience sampling technique. structured teaching programme was given to the B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year students at SGRRU, College of Nursing. The data was collected to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on complications of subcutaneous LMWH injection and effect of cold application among B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year students. The data was collected using the self- structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Major Findings of the Study: 1. Based on gender, 85.7% of the respondents were females. 2. 54.3% of the respondents came from to urban area. 3. Majority (71.4%) of the respondents had not witnessed a patient with LMWH injection 4. Majority (82.9%) of respondent had not ever administered heparin injection 5. Majority of the respondents (71.4%) had undergone any education training programme on effect of cold application. 6. Majority of the respondents (71.4%) had undergone any education training programme on effect of cold application. 7. Majority of the respondents (72.9%) had knowledge regarding complications of subcutaneous LMWH injection and effect of cold application. 8. The post-test mean level of knowledge score (73.625%) was found higher when compared with pre-test mean level of knowledge score (45.675%). The statistical paired t test indicates that enhancement in the mean level of knowledge scores found to be significant at 0.001 percent level of significance. 9. The association between mean percentage level of knowledge score and demographic variables were computed by using Chi-square test. 10. The finding shows that there was no significant association between any demographic variables. Conclusion: The findings of the study proved that students level of knowledge about complications of subcutaneous LMWH injection and effect of cold application was inadequate and the structured teaching programme on complications of subcutaneous LMWH injection and effect of cold application was effective in improving the level of knowledge students regarding complications of subcutaneous LMWH injection and effect of cold application.

Effect of Cold Application on Local Problems among Patients Receiving Subcutaneous Enoxaparin

Background: Subcutaneous enoxaparin administration often causes problems such as pain; bruise and hematoma at the injection sites. In terms of these problems, cold application has been found to have various therapeutic benefits as relieve pain by produce localized anesthetic effect and controls bleeding by causing vasoconstriction. Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of cold application on local problems among patients receiving subcutaneous enoxaparin. Design: Self controlled trial design was utilized. Setting: The study was carried out in general surgery department, orthopedic surgery department, and chest Intensive Care Unit at Beni-seuf University Hospital. Study subjects: A purposive sample of 60 patients was included in the study. Data collection tools: Data were obtained through Patient assessment tool, Bruising Category Scale, Visual Analogue Scale for pain and Hematoma Formation Scale. Results: All studied patients had pain and more than half developed bruise at injection site when they received enoxaparin without cold application but more than three quarter of studied patients had pain and less than one quarter developed bruise when they received injection with cold application. Meanwhile, the majority of the studied patient did not develop hematoma whether cold applied at injection site or not. Conclusion: The pre-injection cold application at enoxaparin injection site was effective in reducing the occurrence of pain and bruising. Moreover, there was statistically significant relation between the patients’ pain intensity, the size of bruising and their demographic characteristics; age and gender. Recommendations: Cold application should be included in standard protocol for the administration of SC enoxaparin and providing on-going and regular in-service educational programs about it for nurses.

Effect of Cold Application and Heparinoid on Periorbital Edema and Ecchymosis After Craniotomy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Effect of Cold Application and Heparinoid on Periorbital Edema and Ecchymosis After Craniotomy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Cold Application on Bruising at the Subcutaneous Heparin Injection Site: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Despite the documented clinical efficacy, the injection of subcutaneous heparin can be associated with adverse drug reactions including bruising at the injection site. This study sought to systematically assess current evidence regarding the effect of cold application as a fundamental nursing intervention on the occurrence and size of bruising at the injection site in patients receiving subcutaneous heparin. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies was performed. Web of Knowledge, PubMed (including MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library, gray literature, and cross‐referencing from reference lists were searched from 2000 to 2019. Quality of selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias appraisal tool for randomized controlled trials and the JBI MASTARI appraisal tool for quasi-experimental studies. The search yielded 3,220 articles, but consideration of inclusion criteria led to final selection of 9 articles. The meta-analysis showed that cold application significantly reduced the relative occurrence of bruising at the subcutaneous heparin injection site by 40% (relative risk, 0.60; 95% confidence interval [0.39, 0.91]) and reduced the bruising size (standardized mean difference, −2.78; 95% confidence interval [−4.34, −1.22]). Cold application as a fundamental nursing intervention can be an effective intervention to prevent adverse drug reactions at the injection site in terms of the occurrence and size of bruising in patients receiving subcutaneous heparin.

Effects of Cold Application and Heparinoid on Periorbital Edema and Ecchymosis

Effects of Cold Application and Heparinoid on Periorbital Edema and Ecchymosis

Effectiveness of Cold Application on Episiotomy Pain among Postnatal Mothers in selected Hospitals at Kanyakumari District

Effectiveness of Cold Application on Episiotomy Pain among Postnatal Mothers in selected Hospitals at Kanyakumari District

A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Cold Application, Heparinoid Application and Magnesium-sulphate Application on Superficial Thrombophlebitis among Patients Admitted in Selected Hospital of Gujarat

A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Cold Application, Heparinoid Application and Magnesium-sulphate Application on Superficial Thrombophlebitis among Patients Admitted in Selected Hospital of Gujarat

Efficacy of ice packs in the management of epistaxis.

There are no uniformly accepted criteria for the management of epistaxis. The usefulness of ice application in the treatment of epistaxis as a first aid method is not generally accepted, but is widespread. In order to evaluate the effect of cold application on the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa, their blood flow and blood content were investigated on 56 healthy volunteers before and after exposure to cold in the neck area. Nasal mucosal microcirculatory blood flow was measured directly by non-invasive laser Doppler flowmetry in Kiesselbach's area. Changes in the nasal mucosal blood content were estimated using a conventional computer-aided rhinomanometer by measuring alterations in nasal airflow. After ice application in the neck area, no statistically significant effects on the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa were seen. These results do not support the usefulness of this manoeuvre in the treatment of epistaxis.

The Clinical Effects of Cold Application on the Production of Electrically Induced Involuntary Muscle Contractions

Context:Rehabilitation.Objective:To determine the effects of a 20-min ice treatment on pain tolerance and peak torque.Design:A 2 × 2 × 6 factorial with repeated measures on 1 factor.Setting:Outpatient rehabilitation clinic.Participants:20 men and 15 women.Intervention:The participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (ice bag) or control (no ice bag) group.Main Outcome Measures:Peak electrical-stimulation output intensity (ESOI) was recorded in mV, and isokinetic peak torque (IPT), in N · m, every 4 min for 20 min.Results:ESOI and IPT increased over time. ESOI for the experimental condition was greater than for the control and within the experimental condition at 12, 16, and 20 min. No other differences were found for the IPT measures. There were no differences for ESOI and IPT between genders.Conclusions:Cryotherapy enables patients to tolerate greater output intensities but does not result in increased peak torque

Cold water immersion for the oedematous hand in stroke patients

One of the therapeutic effects of cold application is to decrease oedema through local vasoconstriction. The oedematous hand of the hemiplegic side in the stroke patient is common and usually due to the dependency and the lack of motor function of the hand, or as a result of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cold water immersion therapy for the oedematous hand by measurement of hand volume before and after the therapy. To determine the experimental error in measurement of hand volume, 13 normal subjects were tested as the control study, 10 times each, by measurement of the overflow of water when the hand was immersed. A water tank with a temperature control was designed to maintain a constant temperature during each experiment. The water temperature was between 49°F (9.4°C) and 52°F (11.1 °C) depending on the patient's tolerance to the cold. Hand volume was measured before and after immersion. The hand was placed into the cold water intermittently, as the patient tolerated it, for 30 minutes. There were 14 experiments in nine stroke patients. It was found that experimental error in measurement of hand volume in the normal subjects varied from 3.2ml to 12.3ml, with the mean value of 6.4ml. One patient did not show any hand volume change. In eight stroke patients, the decrease in hand volume ranged from 1 0ml to 45ml after the cold water immersion. Since it is easy and readily available, cold water immersion should be taught to stroke patients for home treatment of the oedematous hemiplegic hands.

Resorption of the mouse incisor after the application of cold to the periodontal attachment apparatus.

In order to study in detail the processes leading to the resorption and ankylosis of teeth after trauma, the effects of cold application on the periodontal tissues were studied in the mouse. Liquid nitrogen was applied locally to the outer surface of the lower jaw which resulted in a freezing of the incisor and its surrounding tissues. The healing processes in the damaged periodontal ligament and the accompanying phenomena of ankylosis and dental root resorption were investigated histologically at both the light and electron microscopic levels. As a result of cold application, the cells in the periodontal ligament were killed. After a few days, the ligament started to be repopulated with cells like fibroblasts and macrophages. From 3 days on, mineral crystallites were deposited along the cementum covering the lingual, mesial, and lateral surfaces of the incisor, finally resulting in a 4-6 micron thick layer. During the period of 7-12 days following cold application, this layer of mineralized material started to be phagocytosed and degraded, presumably by mononuclear cells. Finally, extensive root resorption and some ankylosis between the tooth and the alveolar bone were observed. In the resorbed areas, cells were seen which could not be distinguished from osteoclasts. In some instances, their ruffled border was in close apposition with each of the three mineralized tissues--dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone. It is hypothesized that the deposition and subsequent phagocytosis of mineralized material along the root surface may be an important factor in the initiation of dental root resorption.

Effects of cold application on maximal isometric contraction.

Effects of cold application on maximal isometric contraction.