Effect Of Carotid Endarterectomy Research Articles

The effect of carotid endarterectomy on cognitive function regarding cerebral hypoperfusion

The effect of carotid endarterectomy on cognitive function regarding cerebral hypoperfusion

Comparison of carotid endarterectomy and repeated carotid angioplasty and stenting for in-stent restenosis (CERCAS trial): a randomised study

Background and aimIn-stent restenosis (ISR) belongs to an infrequent but potentially serious complication after carotid angioplasty and stenting in patients with severe carotid stenosis. Some of these patients might be...

Cognitive function after carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic patients.

Asymptomatic carotid stenosis has been shown to be associated with progressive neurocognitive decline, but the effects of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on this are not well defined. Due to the wide heterogeneity of studies and lack of standardization in cognitive function tests and study design, there is mounting scientific evidence to support the notion that CEA is effective in reversing or slowing neurocognitive decline; however, definitive conclusions are difficult to make. Further, while the association between ACS and cognitive decline has been well document, a direct etiological role has not been established. More research is required to elucidate the relationship between asymptomatic carotid stenosis and the benefit of carotid endarterectomy and its potential protective effects regarding cognitive decline. This article aims to review current evidence in preoperative and postoperative cognitive function in asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis undergoing CEA.

A systematic review of cognitive function after carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic patients

Objective: Asymptomatic carotid stenosis has been associated with a progressive decline in neurocognitive function. However, the effect of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on this process is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate preoperative and postoperative cognitive function changes in asymptomatic patients after CEA.

Effect of Carotid Endarterectomy on 20 Year Incidence of Recorded Dementia: A Randomised Trial

Stroke and carotid atherosclerosis are associated with dementia. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces stroke risk, although its effect on later dementia is uncertain. Participants in the Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST-1), randomly allocated to immediate vs. deferral of CEA (i.e., no intervention unless or until triggered by ipsilateral transient ischaemic attack or stroke), were followed, to study effects on dementia. From 1993 to 2003, ACST-1 included 3 120 participants with asymptomatic tight carotid stenosis. All UK and Swedish patients (n = 1 601; 796 immediate vs. 805 deferral) were followed with trial records, national electronic health record linkage, and (UK only) by post and telephone. Cumulative incidence and competing risk analyses were used to measure the effects of risk factors and CEA on dementia risk. Intention to treat analyses yielded hazard ratios (HRs; immediate vs. deferral) of dementia. The median follow up was 19.4 years (interquartile range 16.9 – 21.7). Dementia was recorded in 107 immediate CEA patients and 115 allocated delayed surgery; 1 290 patients died (1 091 [538 vs. 536] before any dementia diagnosis). Dementia incidence rose with age and with female sex (men: 8.3% aged < 70 years at trial entry vs. 15.1% aged ≥ 70; women: 15.1% aged < 70 years at trial entry vs. 22.4% aged ≥ 70 years) and was higher in those with pre-existing cerebral infarction (silent or with prior symptoms; 20.2% vs. 13.6%). Dementia risk was similar in both randomised groups: 6.7% vs. 6.6% at 10 years and 14.3% vs. 15.5% at 20 years, respectively. The dementia HR was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75 – 1.28; p = .89), with no heterogeneity in the neutral effect of immediate CEA on dementia related to age, carotid stenosis, blood pressure, diabetes, country of residence, or medical treatments at trial entry (heterogeneity values p > .05). CEA was not associated with significant reductions in the long term hazards of dementia, but the CI did not exclude a proportional benefit or hazard of about 25%.

Влияние каротидной эндартерэктомии на функциональную активность зрительного анализатора у пациентов с хронической ишемической нейрооптикопатией, ассоциированной с гемодинамически значимым атеросклеротическим стенозом внутренней сонной артерии

Purpose. To assess the effect of carotid endarterectomy on the functional activity of the visual analyzer, based on the registration of visually evoked potentials in patients with chronic ischemic neuroopticopathy (CIN) associated with hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Material and methods. The main group included patients with CIN (20 people, 20 eyes). Their age varied from 61 to 78 years (average 70 ± 4.5 years). Men – 13 people, women – 7. Of the specialized methods, the study of visual evoked potentials (VEP) was performed. Results. By the end of the follow-up (12 months), there was a decrease in the maximum corrected visual acuity below the preoperative values and an increase in the negative dynamics of the VEP values. There was an increase in the latency of the main peak by 13.2 % compared with the control and a decrease in amplitude by 34 % during stimulation with the pattern for both 30 and 60 minutes. Conclusion. Our studies have shown that further studies are required to develop an integrated approach to the treatment of CIN associated with hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic stenosis of the ICA. Keywords: visual evoked potentials, chronic ischemic neuroopticopathy, ocular ischemic syndrome, hemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery.

Функциональные особенности зрительного анализатора у пациентов с хронической ишемической нейрооптикопатией, ассоциированной с гемодинамически значимым атеросклеротическим стенозом внутренней сонной артерии, после проведенной каротидной эндартерэктомии

Purpose. To evaluate effect of carotid endarterectomy (CE) in long-term follow-up period on course of chronic ischemic optic neuropathy (CION) associated with hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Material and methods. The object of study was 30 patients (30 eyes) with CION associated with hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic ICA stenosis. All patients underwent study of visual evoked potential (VEP), optical coherence tomography, Doppler ultrasonography of ophthalmic artery (OA) before and after ICA CE. Results. By the end of observation period (12 months), in patients with CION, despite the improvement blood flow in OA, there was deterioration in VEP and decrease in the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, the cause of which can be considered imbalance of energy metabolism that negatively affects the ganglion cells axons, leading to their death. Conclusion. Our studies show that further studies are needed to study the effect of ICA CE on the course of CION. Keywords: chronic ischemic optic neuropathy, ocular ischemic syndrome, hemodynamically significant internal carotid artery stenosis, visual evoked potential, optical coherence tomography.

Editor's Choice – Effect of Carotid Endarterectomy on 20 Year Incidence of Recorded Dementia: A Randomised Trial

Stroke and carotid atherosclerosis are associated with dementia. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces stroke risk, although its effect on later dementia is uncertain. Participants in the Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST-1), randomly allocated to immediate vs. deferral of CEA (i.e., no intervention unless or until triggered by ipsilateral transient ischaemic attack or stroke), were followed, to study effects on dementia. From 1993 to 2003, ACST-1 included 3 120 participants with asymptomatic tight carotid stenosis. All UK and Swedish patients (n= 1 601; 796 immediate vs. 805 deferral) were followed with trial records, national electronic health record linkage, and (UK only) by post and telephone. Cumulative incidence and competing risk analyses were used to measure the effects of risk factors and CEA on dementia risk. Intention to treat analyses yielded hazard ratios (HRs; immediate vs. deferral) of dementia. The median follow up was 19.4 years (interquartile range 16.9 - 21.7). Dementia was recorded in 107 immediate CEA patients and 115 allocated delayed surgery; 1 290 patients died (1 091 [538 vs. 536] before any dementia diagnosis). Dementia incidence rose with age and with female sex (men: 8.3% aged < 70 years at trial entry vs. 15.1% aged ≥ 70; women: 15.1% aged < 70 years at trial entry vs. 22.4% aged ≥ 70 years) and was higher in those with pre-existing cerebral infarction (silent or with prior symptoms; 20.2% vs. 13.6%). Dementia risk was similar in both randomised groups: 6.7% vs. 6.6% at 10 years and 14.3% vs. 15.5% at 20 years, respectively. The dementia HR was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75 - 1.28; p= .89), with no heterogeneity in the neutral effect of immediate CEA on dementia related to age, carotid stenosis, blood pressure, diabetes, country of residence, or medical treatments at trial entry (heterogeneity values p > .05). CEA was not associated with significant reductions in the long term hazards of dementia, but the CI did not exclude a proportional benefit or hazard of about 25%.

Effect of Carotid Endarterectomy on Limb Function and Cognitive Function in Patients with Severe Craniocerebral Injury

Effect of Carotid Endarterectomy on Limb Function and Cognitive Function in Patients with Severe Craniocerebral Injury

Влияние хирургической реконструкции внутренней сонной артерии на гемодинамику глаза у пациентов с хронической ишемической нейрооптикопатией

Purpose. To assess the effect of carotid endarterectomy (CE) on the hemodynamics of the eye, the neuroreceptor apparatus in patients with chronic ischemic neuroopticopathy (CIN) associated with hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Material and methods. The study included 20 patients (20 eyes) with unilateral CIN. In all cases, Doppler ultrasound was used to assess the parameters of the linear blood flow velocity in patients after CE. Results. Surgical reconstruction of the ICA in all patients led to an improvement in blood flow in the vessels of the eye, in ⅔ of cases it stopped the process of neurodegeneration in the optic nerve (optic nerve) and contributed to an increase in the maximum corrected visual acuity at a follow-up of 1 year. Conclusion. Our studies indicate the advisability of performing ICA CE in patients with CIN associated with hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic ICA stenosis. The question of the use of pharmacological neuroprotection of the optic nerve in the postoperative period of CE remains relevant. Key words: chronic ischemic neuroopticopathy, ocular ischemic syndrome, internal carotid artery, carotid endarterectomy.

Carotid Endarterectomy Using Lone Star Retractor System

Cervical carotid disease is typical atherosclerosis, which is responsible for ischemic stroke. The effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for advanced carotid stenosis has been established in many large studies, and CEA is the gold standard in surgical treatment. On the other hand, endovascular carotid artery stenting (CAS) has become increasingly popular recently. It is very important to avoid any complications to maintain the effectiveness of CEA. The retractor device is important for the exposure of carotid arteries and for the safe surgical manipulation.We have started to use lone star retractor system (LSRS) to deploy the surgical field.LSRS provides the usability to handle and a shallower surgical field without the disturbance of surgical manipulation. And it can facilitate exposure of the distal internal carotid artery because surgeon can retract freely in whole circumference by towing with moderate strength. LSRS may bring the smoother and easier surgical manipulations in CEA.

Carotid endarterectomy restores decreased vision due to chronic ocular ischemia.

The therapeutic effect of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on visual disturbance caused by chronic ocular ischemia due to carotid artery stenosis has not been validated. This prospective observational study aims to investigate whether CEA is associated with an increase in ocular blood flow (OBF) and postoperative visual improvement. In total, 41 patients with carotid artery stenosis treated by CEA between March 2015 and September 2018 were enrolled in this study. OBF was evaluated by laser speckle flowgraphy, which can measure the mean blur ratio (MBR) which is well correlated to the absolute retinal blood flow. Visual acuity was assessed before and after CEA by subjective improvement and objective visual assessment using CSV-1000, an instrument used to test contrast sensitivity. OBF increased after CEA on the operated side (mean MBR 33.5 vs 38.2, p < 0.001) but not on the non-operated side (mean MBR 37.8 vs 37.5, p = 0.50). After CEA, 23 patients (56.1%) reported subjective visual improvement on the operated side. The mean CSV-1000 score among the patients with increased OBF after CEA (5.44 vs 5.88, p = 0.04) but not among those without increased OBF (5.48 vs 5.95, p = 0.09). The mean CSV-1000 scores increased significantly after CEA in 18 patients with decreased vision and decreased OBF (4.51 vs 5.37, p < 0.001), but not in the 23 patients without those (6.19 vs 6.31, p = 0.6). CEA may successfully reverse visual dysfunction caused by chronic ocular ischemia due to carotid artery stenosis by increasing OBF.

Abstract 155: Comparative Effectiveness of Carotid Endarterectomy Compared to Medical Therapy Among Patients With Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces stroke risk compared to medical therapy alone among patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. CEA involves a tradeoff between higher perioperative short-term risks in exchange for a lower long-term risk of stroke. However, overall declines in stroke rates raise concerns that CEA may no longer be a preferred treatment. We examined the effectiveness of CEA compared to medical therapy (MT) among asymptomatic patients in preventing stroke and stroke-death within 5 years of follow-up. Methods: We identified Veterans ≥65 years old with carotid stenosis (n=2712 CEA and n=2509 MT patients) who did not have a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. We propensity score-matched MT patients to CEA patients to control for baseline confounding and used methods to mimic analyses from the Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Trial, the last published trial to compare CEA to MT. We accounted for “immortal time” bias by randomizing patients to CEA and MT groups and censoring patients if their actual treatment became inconsistent with the arm in which they were randomized (e.g., patient received CEA, but was randomized to MT). We accounted for the informative censoring by estimating time-dependent inverse probability of censoring weights using measured covariates (demographics and 72 time-varying comorbidities). We computed weighted Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and estimated the risk of stroke/stroke-death in each group over 5 years of follow-up. Results: The observed stroke or death rate (perioperative complications) within 30 days in the CEA arm was 3%. The 5-year risk were similar among patients randomized to CEA 5.5% (95% CI, 4.3%-6.7%) versus MT 7.6% (95% CI,5.9%-9.2%) (risk difference, -2.1%, 95% CI -4%- 0%) with little difference in the KM curves (logrank p=0.2). Conclusion: CEA was not superior to MT in a community sample of Veterans after 5 years of follow-up, suggesting that CEA may no longer be the preferred treatment strategy.

How Can We Treat Asymptomatic Carotid Disease in Patients with a Planned CABG?

Carotid artery intervention to the neurological asymptomatic patients is one of the most controversial issue of vascular surgery throughout the last decades. The decision about how to manage asymptomatic carotid disease in the setting of planned CABG becomes more complex due to surgical treatment of either pathology may be complicated by multiple factors. Current guidelines do not support routine screening for carotid artery stenosis before CABG because of given the low prevalence of stroke after CABG. Optimal surgical intervention and timing for patients having concomitant severe carotid and coronary artery stenosis remains uncertain. In this brief review, we analyze the incidence of significant carotid stenosis in patients undergoing CABG, association of untreated asymptomatic carotid stenosis on postoperative stroke, effects of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on postoperative incidence of stroke, determination of surgical options and technical variations for CEA, scanning methods for identifying the vulnerable carotid plaque and revealing risk factors and predictors associated with stroke after CABG. Synchronous or staged CEA still remain valuable options in order to diminish postoperative risk of stroke for neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing to CABG who have bilateral significant carotid artery stenosis or contralateral occlusion.

Эффективность каротидной эндартерэктомии в хирургическом лечении пациентов с хронической ишемической ретинопатией, ассоциированной с гемодинамически значимым стенозом внутренней сонной артерии

Эффективность каротидной эндартерэктомии в хирургическом лечении пациентов с хронической ишемической ретинопатией, ассоциированной с гемодинамически значимым стенозом внутренней сонной артерии

Connectometry evaluation in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: an exploratory study.

This research investigated local brain connectivity changes following Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) by connectometry. Seventeen subjects (15 males and 2 females, mean age 74.1years), all eligible for CEA, were prospectively recruited in this exploratory study. On the same day within the week before the CEA, each patient underwent a cognitive evaluation with a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) exam that included a DTI sequence for the connectometry analysis. A second MMSE and the same MRI protocol were performed on follow-up, 3-6months after CEA. The MMSE scores were analyzed using T-Student tests. The connectometry analysis was performed using a multiple regression model to consider the effect of CEA, choosing three different T-score threshold (T-threshold) values (1, 2 and 3). Results were considered statistically valid for p value adjusted for False Discovery Rate (p-FDR) < 0.05. Comparison of pre-CEA and post-CEA MMSE scores showed improvement of MMSE scores after CEA. Connectometry analysis revealed no areas of statistically significant increased connectivity related to CEA for T-threshold value = 1 and 2, but showed statistically significant increase of connectivity after CEA in both cerebellar hemispheres and corpus callosum for T-threshold value = 3 (p-FDR = 0.0106667). The network property analysis showed improved small worldness (2.14%), clustering coefficient (1.64%), local (1.94%) and global efficiency (0.56%), and reduced characteristic path length (-0.52%) after CEA. These results suggest that CEA is associated both with cognitive performance improvement and changes in interhemispheric local connectivity in the corpus callosum and cerebellum.

The brain functional activity - bioelectrical marker of the effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy performed in the acute period of ischemic stroke

Bioelectrical activity is a universal characteristic of functional state of the brain at a normal level of blood flow and under hypoperfusion. This parameter can be used to assess the effectiveness of the operation before and after endarterectomy. In this study we analyzed spectral characteristics of EEG in 106 patients who underwent endarterectomy in the acute period of stroke before and after two weeks from the onset of the disease. Was studied the dynamics of the power spectra of the EEG evoked potentials and clinical data before and after surgery. It is revealed that the nature of the change in the spectral power of alpha and beta activity of the EEG in the affected and in the intact hemisphere in acute ischaemic stroke can affect the timing of carotid endarterectomy and are important for the prediction of functional outcome after surgery. Inhibition of alpha- and beta-activity in both hemispheres in the preoperative period is an unfavorable factor for surgical intervention, as this will not lead to restoration of disturbed functions irrespective of stroke severity.

Effect of carotid endarterectomy on retinal function in asymptomatic patients with hemodynamically significant carotid artery stenosis.

INTRODUCTION The corrective effect of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on impaired ophthalmic artery flow in patients with significant internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis presenting with ocular ischemic syndrome (ie, symptomatic patients) is well established. However, there is no clear evidence regarding the efficacy of CEA for improvement of neuroretinal function in patients without symptoms of ocular ischemic syndrome. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effects of CEA on retinal function in asymptomatic patients with hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 46 patients with ICA stenosis referred for CEA. Full-field electroretinogram (ERG), pattern ERG, and pattern visual evoked potentials, as well as optical coherence tomography and ophthalmologic examination of both eyes were performed 1 day before and 3 months after CEA. We analyzed eyes ipsilateral (EIE) and contralateral (ECE) to CEA. RESULTS We observed an increase in several ERG wave parameters in both eye groups, compared with baseline values: rod b-wave amplitudes (P <0.00001 for EIE and P = 0.0001 for ECE); rod-cone a-wave (P = 0.02 for EIE) and b-wave (P = 0.001 for EIE and P = 0.01 for ECE) amplitudes; cone single flash a-wave (P = 0.05 for EIE and P = 0.004 for ECE) and b-wave (P <0.0001 for EIE and P <0.0001 for ECE) amplitudes; cone 30-Hz flicker amplitudes (P = 0.0003 for EIE and P <0.0001 for ECE); and oscillatory potential wave index amplitudes (P <0.00001 for EIE). CONCLUSIONS The amplitudes of the standard full-field ERG were significantly increased following CEA in EIE and, to a lesser extent, in ECE. Multimodality ERG may represent a unique tool for investigating the effects of carotid revascularization on neuroretinal function in asymptomatic patients with ICA stenosis.

FT09. Effects of Carotid Endarterectomy on Cerebral Reperfusion and Cognitive Function in Patients With High-Grade Carotid Stenosis

FT09. Effects of Carotid Endarterectomy on Cerebral Reperfusion and Cognitive Function in Patients With High-Grade Carotid Stenosis

Effect of carotid endarterectomy on brain damage markers.

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a recommended treatment in the prevention of ischemic stroke. However, this procedure may cause neurological complications caused by cerebrovascular damage. While YKL-40 is a proinflammatory protein, neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL) and brain lipid-binding protein (FABP7) are structural components of the brain. The aim of the study was to investigate YKL-40, NEFL, and FABP7 in the serum of patients undergoing CEA. The study included 25 participants who underwent CEA due to internal carotid artery stenosis. Blood samples were taken from each patient at three different intervals: prior to the surgery, 12 h after the surgery, and 48 h after the surgery. Serum levels of these brain damage markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study showed that the serum YKL-40 level was significantly increased 48 h after CEA when compared to the level prior to surgery and also when compared to levels 12 h after surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in serum NEFL and FABP7 levels between all three recorded measurements. Data from our study showed that CEA affects serum YKL-40 but not NEFL and FABP7 levels. This implicates that YKL-40 may be a valuable serum marker of brain damage after CEA. However, the observed change in serum YKL-40 level in patients after CEA does not necessarily warrant a change in recommendations concerning the use of this treatment in patients with high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis.