Effects Of Advanced Technology Research Articles

A eugenic attempt to create “upper class”: Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro

During the first third of the 20th century, scientific advances in genetic research led to an alarm for the modern world and mankind. Under the coercion of artificial intelligence and sterilization programs sponsored by the state, cultural values have been deeply influenced. British author Kazuo Ishiguro, along with his latest novel Klara and the Sun, poses several pertinent questions about the moral standards of existence and humanity. Klara and the Sun is a dystopian novel that offers a speculative future through which the effects of advanced technology, science, and artificial intelligence concepts may be decoded. Ishiguro’s serious concerns about a new society and changing social relations question human insecurity in different layers of the community. The desire to create a master race through a gene-modification process forms the main structure of the narrative. Therefore, based on eugenic attempts in the modern world, this study, addresses the violation of ethical standards that cause inequality, marginalization, and miscommunication. This study seeks to present important insights into the science of genetics and eugenics through the characters of the novel. Josie, a lifted girl, and Rick, an unlifted boy, exemplify the superiors and inferiors of the community that punctures the goals of a biocapitalist and technology-dependent society. In this sense, this article aims to uncover the results of eugenic programs that force people to modify their genes for social improvement, especially social relations.

Metagenomic analysis of MWWTP effluent treated via solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH: Effects upon microbial community, priority pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes

The effectiveness of advanced technologies on eliminating antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and resistance genes (ARGs) from wastewaters have been recently investigated. Solar photo-Fenton has been proven effective in combating ARB and ARGs from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant effluent (MWWTPE). However, most of these studies have relied solely on cultivable methods to assess ARB removal. This is the first study to investigate the effect of solar photo-Fenton upon ARB and ARGs in MWWTPE by high throughput metagenomic analysis (16S rDNA sequencing and Whole Genome Sequencing). Treatment efficiency upon priority pathogens and resistome profile were also investigated. Solar photo-Fenton (30 mg L−1 of Fe2+ intermittent additions and 50 mg L−1 of H2O2) reached 76–86% removal of main phyla present in MWWTPE. An increase in Proteobacteria abundance was observed after solar photo-Fenton and controls in which H2O2 was present as an oxidant (Fenton, H2O2 only, solar/H2O2). Hence, tolerance mechanisms presented by this group should be further assessed. Solar photo-Fenton achieved complete removal of high priority Staphylococcus and Enterococcus, as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Substantial reduction of intrinsically multi-drug resistant bacteria was detected. Solar photo-Fenton removed nearly 60% of ARGs associated with sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines, and complete removal of ARGs related to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. These results indicate the potential of using solar-enhanced photo-Fenton to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance, especially in developing tropical countries.

Digitalization in the agri-food industry: the relationship between technology and sustainable development

PurposeDigitalization is becoming the subject of considerable interest in the literature. This is in view of its relevance in addressing social problems and contributing to the development of communities and societies. In the agri-food-industry, digitalization is also expected to contribute significantly to solve several challenges the sector is facing at this moment, such as the increasing food demand and resource use. However, the effects of advanced technologies are less a function of the technologies themselves than of how they are used by people. The study analyses the dominant challenges faced by firms in the agri-food industry in the usage and adoption of digital technology. Also, they show how these challenges impact on the sustainable development of digital technology for firms in the industry and provide avenues for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a structured literature review aiming to investigate the following research question: what are the main challenges faced by firms within the agri-food industry in the adoption of smart technologies?FindingsResults illustrate the dominant challenges faced by firms in the agri-food industry in the usage and adoption of digital technology. Also, they show how these challenges impact on the sustainable development of digital technology for firms in the industry and provide avenues for future research.Originality/valueSo far, in the context of digitalization in the agri-food industry, various researchers have analysed different kinds of challenges to the adoption of smart technologies. This work reviews these contributions to create a clear reference framework of the challenges faced by agri-food firms while providing future avenues of research and implications at a policymaking, economic-managerial and socio-environmental level.

Влияние цифровых технологий на управление бизнесом по продаже авиабилетов

The research objective was to study the effect of new technologies on service market using the case of airline ticket agencies. The study featured new marketing tools in the service sector and the effect of advanced technologies on the airline ticket market. Promotion instruments and methods are developing very fast. Nowadays, marketing relies on such concepts as cognitive marketing, cognitive technologies, behavioral marketing, SEO-promotion, and event-marketing. These approaches are different in nature but seek to satisfy and anticipate consumer expectations. Successful companies, e.g. Aeroflot and Sberbank, use effective combinations of these tools. A prompt adaptation to new technologies guarantees successful performance for small and medium-sized businesses. The research was based on such methods as observation, interview, scientific analysis, induction, and comparison. The empirical data were provided by the largest regional airline ticket agency. The authors used retrospective analysis of business documentation, interviewed the management, analyzed the client base, and conducted an express cost analysis. The research revealed both positive and negative consequences of digitalization. The airline ticket business proved to undergo serious changes during the digital transformation of the economy.

A Study on Technophobia and Mobile Device Design

Technophobia is described as the 'abnormal fear or anxiety about the effects of advanced technology', affecting one third of the population, causing health problems and the inability to work efficiently. The development of the mobile phone, both in its design process and its following socioeconomic success, has a prominent effect on our society in general; this point will be explicated in this paper. The negative effects of these developments have also been assessed with questionnaire-based interviews, focus groups and media analysis in order to focus on those who are most susceptible to the effects of technophobia, to discover the possible causes and to develop a solution for overcoming the phobia. The findings of the literature review and empirical research have been debated; the results proved inconclusive. All age and sex and groups displayed levels of anxiety around technology. Therefore, designers cannot afford to abandon these individuals in the future, and attention should be directed into inclusive product design. Therefore, various solutions have been suggested for support for these sufferers, such as tuition and bespoke, 'built to specification' mobile phones.

Analysis of Exergy Utilization in the Chinese Transportation Sector

This paper attempts to apply Reistad's approach to analyze exergy utilization in Chinese transportation sector that includes five sub-sectors: highways, railways, waterways, airways, and pipeline transport. Unlike previous studies based on historical data, this paper uses the actual data for 2006 and projected data for 2030 under five scenarios to analyze exergy consumption. We find that (1) in 2030, the total exergy consumption will be 17,883–26,698 PJ, which may increase 2.26–3.78 times compared with that in 2006. (2) The effect of advanced technology is much greater than that of the choice of transport mode. (3) Highways will always be the dominant transport mode. In 2030, the percentage of exergy of oil fuels in total exergy consumption of the whole sector will account for more than 97%. (4) The weighted mean energy and exergy efficiencies will show a deteriorating trend over years, i.e., a decreasing tendency with time, except for Scenario 2.

Public perceptions of the use of dynamic message signs

AbstractIntelligent transportation systems have been promoted as a means to improve both the efficiency and safety of the road network. The effectiveness of advanced technologies in improving road safety has been an area of research which has thus far yielded mixed results. In order to ensure that advanced technologies deliver on their intended outcomes, more research has to be devoted to understanding road users' perceptions and reactions to these systems. This study examines drivers' perceptions of the use of dynamic message signs and their self‐reported reactions to the messages displayed. In general, drivers support the use of highway electronic boards for traffic incident reports and weather information which have an impact on traffic delays and level of service. They also think that it is a good idea to display road safety messages and to remind drivers to drive safely and be courteous on the roads. Moreover, most drivers reported that they do read and think about the messages displayed and react positively to some of the road safety messages.

The Effect of Advanced Technology and Communication Means on the Tourist Activity As Perceived by Some Responsible Persons in the Tourist Section in Soudia Kingdom

The Effect of Advanced Technology and Communication Means on the Tourist Activity As Perceived by Some Responsible Persons in the Tourist Section in Soudia Kingdom

Potential Effects of Advanced Technologies at Commercial Border Crossings

Between 1991 and 1995, trade between the United States and Canada increased 55 percent, and trade between the United States and Mexico grew 68 percent. This growth in traffic has strained the available capacity and has led to frequent delays as vehicles pass through congested border-crossing facilities. Delays at the border may be reduced through the use of information technologies. A generic simulation model was developed of a border crossing that can be used to evaluate the benefit of information technologies to speed the processing of commercial vehicles at the border. This model is tested with input data that are reflective of the Peace Bridge, which links Buffalo, New York, with Fort Erie, Ontario, to develop general relationships between the penetration rate of advanced technology in the commercial vehicle traffic and the benefits to be achieved. This analysis indicates that the effective use of information technologies can significantly improve the services offered and reduce the amount of resources needed.

Computer-Based Team Training: The Aircraft Maintenance Environment Example

Research on civil aircraft inspection and maintenance has shown the importance of teamwork in accomplishing aircraft maintenance tasks. Training has been identified as one of the primary intervention strategies in improving team performance. Moreover, if training is to be successful, it is clear that we need to provide aircraft maintenance technicians with training tools to help enhance their team skills and improve team performance within the aircraft maintenance environment. In response to this need, this research looked at the role of team training and specifically that of advanced technology for team training. A controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of advanced technology for team training. The study was conducted in two phases: 1) Instructional phase where 18 subjects received training through a computer-based team training program and 18 subjects received training using a traditional instructor-based equivalent team training program, and 2) Evaluation phase where the subjects were divided into three member teams and performance of the teams was evaluated as they completed a routine and a non-routine maintenance task. The results of the study are reported as part of this paper.

The Effects of Advanced Technology on the Workers : CIM and the Workers

The Effects of Advanced Technology on the Workers : CIM and the Workers