Effective Tillers Hill-1 Research Articles

Evaluation of Allelopathy of Agricultural Land Associated Trees on Weed Growth and Yield Performance of Boro Rice

We conducted an experiment at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, BAU, Mymensingh to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Albizia lebbeck and Shorea robusta on the weed growth and yield performance of boro rice. The experiment consisted of one cultivar i.e. BRRI dhan29 and five different extract’s treatments such as no leaf extracts (T1), Mangifera indica leaf extracts(T2), Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf extracts(T3), Albizia lebbeck leaf extracts (T4) and Shorea robusta leaves extract (T5) @20:200 (w/v) ratio concentration. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Weed population, weed dry weight were significantly affected by different treatments. The highest weed population and dry weight for all weed species were found in no tree leaf extracts treatments (T1) and Shorea robusta leaf extracts (T2) respectively. The lowest weed population and weed dry weight were recorded in Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf extracts (T3). The highest grain yield as well as the yield contributing characters was recorded in Albizia lebbeck leaf extracts (T4). The highest reduction of grain yield was observed in T1 (no tree leaf extracts) treatment. The longest plant height, highest number of total tiller hill-1, highest number of effective tillers hill-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight, grain and straw yields were observed in Albizia lebbeck leaf extracts (T4) treatment and the lowest was observed in T1. Results of this study indicates that Artocarpus heterophyllus (T3) and Albizia lebbeck (T4) leaf extracts showed potentiality in yield contributing characters of Boro rice. Therefore, Artocarpus heterophyllus and Albizia lebbeck leaf extracts might be used as an alternative way for weed management and sustainable crop production.

Influence of Grass Pea Residues Extract on Weed Control Efficacy and Performance of Boro Rice

The agriculture sector is constantly adopting environmentally friendly and sustainable methods to reduce the harmful effects of herbicides on crop production. In this respect, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory (AFL), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh to assess the allelopathic effects of grass pea crop residues on weed suppression and the growth performance of Boro rice from December 2021 to May 2022. The experiment consisted of four cultivars of Boro rice i.e. BAU dhan3, BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan81, BRRI dhan96 along with four different treatments of weed control viz. no extract and no weeding (control), hot water extract of Grass pea residues as pre-emergence application at 3 DAT (days after transplanting), hot water extract of Grass pea residues as pre-emergence application at 3 DAT+ post- emergence at 10 DAT, hand weeding 3 times at 15, 30 and 45 DAT. The highest weed growth was noticed when no extract was added and the lowest was found when three times hand weeding was performed. The highest number of effective tillers (NET) hill-1, number of spikelets panicle-1 (NSP) and grain yield (GY), straw yield (SY) and biological yield (BY) were recorded from the rice variety BAU dhan3. The highest NET hill-1, NSP, 1000-grain weight (TGW), GY, SY and BY were recorded from three hand weeding which was followed by hot water extract of grass pea as pre-emergence application at 3 DAT+ post-emergence application at 10 DAT. From the interaction it is observed that the highest NET hill-1, NSP, SY and BY were obtained from BAU dhan3 with three hand weeding which was followed by BAU dhan3 with hot water extract of grass pea as pre-emergence application at 3 DAT+ post-emergence application at 10 DAT. The findings of this study reveal that hand weeding, followed by the application of grass pea crop residues, effectively suppresses weed growth. Our research suggested leveraging the allelopathy-weed inverse relationship to address weed problems. This approach holds significant promise for weed management in the twenty-first century. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(3):360-368, 2024

Yield performance of aromatic fine rice as influenced by nitrogen fertilization and weed control techniques

Nitrogen fertilization and weed management is the major concern to yield maximization of rice. The study was conducted to assess the influence of nitrogen and weed control to yield improvement of aromatic rice BRRI dhan34. The experiment included three nitrogen levels viz. 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1 as well as three weeding schedules viz. one hand weeding at 15 days after transplanting (DAT), two hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAT and three hand weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAT. The experiment was conducted with randomized complete block design. The findings demonstrated important correlations between weeding techniques, nitrogen levels and yield components. When the crop was fertilized with 50 kg N ha-1 the highest numbers of total tillers hill-1 (8.53), effective tillers hill-1 (7.51), grains panicle-1 (128.0) and grain yield (3.97 t ha-1) were resulted. Regarding weeding practices, two manual weeding carried out at 15 and 30 DAT reported the highest numbers of effective tillers hill-1 (7.62), grains panicle-1 (128.1) and grain yield (4.10 t ha-1). The highest effective tillers hill-1 (8.33), the most grains panicle-1 (129.8), the grain yield (4.36 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.40 t ha-1) were found in two hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAT combined with 50 kg N ha-1 and the lowest grain yield (3.53 t ha-1) was obtained from one hand weeding given at 15 DAT along with 150 kg N ha-1. Therefore, the study demonstrated that BRRI dhan34 can be fertilized with 50 kg N ha-1 along with two hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAT to obtained higher yield.

Combined hot water extract of lentil and grass pea increase weed control efficiency and yield of boro rice

The agriculture sector is continuously adopting environmentally friendly and sustainable methods to reduce the harmful effects of herbicides on crop production. In this context, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory (AFL), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, from December 2021 to May 2022, to investigate the effect of combined hot water extracts of lentil and grass peas (ELG) on weed control efficiency and yield performance of boro rice. The experiment involved four varieties of boro rice (BAU dhan3, BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan81, and BRRI dhan96) and four treatments of crop residues. For most weed species, varieties and crop residue extracts significantly impacted weed population (WP) and weed dry weight (DW). The highest numbers of effective tillers (NET) hill-1, numbers of spikelets panicle-1 (NSP), 1000-grain weight (TGW), grain yield (GY), and straw yield (SY) were observed in the three-times hand weeding treatment. This was followed by the combination of hot water ELG applied as a pre-emergence treatment three days after transplanting and post-emergence ten days after transplanting, with the lowest values found in the no-extract treatment. Considering interaction effects, the highest GY (7.07 t ha-1) and SY (8.23 t ha-1) were observed with hand weeding combined with the variety BAU dhan3. The results of this study indicated that hand weeding, followed by the combined application ELG crop residue, showed potential activity to suppress WP and significantly affected the yield of boro rice.

Assessing Herbicide-Resistance and Yield Optimization in Boro Rice (cv. BRRI dhan29) through Post-emergence Herbicides Applications

Effective weed management is crucial for achieving optimal crop performance and yield in rice cultivation. While post-emergence herbicides are commonly used to control weed population (WP), their effectiveness can vary based on the dosage and combinations applied. In this respect, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from December 2019 to May 2020 to predict herbicide-resistant weeds and assess the yield of boro (dry season irrigated) rice (cv. BRRI dhan29) in response to post-emergence herbicides. The experiment consisted of five post-emergence herbicides: Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, Triafamone, Penoxsulam, Bispyribac-sodium, and Carfentrazone-ethyl, and four doses of herbicide: control, half of the recommended dose (RD), RD, and double the RD. Weed dry weight (DW), WP, and inhibition were significantly affected by different doses of herbicides. Ten weed species (WS) belonging to four families infested the experimental plots, with the most dominant being Echinochloa crus-galli, Scirpus mucronatus, and Scirpus articulatus. The lowest WP and DW, as well as the highest weed control efficiency (WCE), were achieved with double the RD of Penoxsulam and Triafamone, showing 91.09% and 90.13% efficiency, respectively, at 30 DAT. The tallest plants, highest number of effective tillers hill-1, highest grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index were found with double the RD of Penoxsulam. In contrast double the RD of Triafamone produced the second-highest grain yield. Although double doses of herbicides increased yield, the variation was not significantly greater than the RD. Some weeds, particularly E. crus-galli, S. articulatus, Leersia hexandra, and Digitaria sanguinalis, survived even with double the RD of herbicides. This indicates a potential for herbicide-resistant weeds.

Comparative Performance of Different Fertilizer Recommendation Methods on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa) in Old Brahmaputra Floodplain Soils

Improving rice productivity is the challenge for the farmer due to rapid soil health deterioration in intensive agricultural system. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate comparative performance of different nutrient management practices in rice production in Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were six treatments namely, T1 (Control-no fertilizer), T2 (Farmer’s Practice), T3 (Fertilizer Recommendation Guide-2018), T4 (BAU Soil Testing Kit), T5 (Soil Test Basis) and T6 (Rice Crop Manager). The results revealed that all the treatments showed better performances over control (T1). Treatment T4 (BAU Soil Testing Kit) produced the highest value of plant height (90.18 cm), panicle length (24.90), filled grains panicle-1 (122.60) and 1000-grain weight (26.67g) while T5 (Soil Test Basis) produced maximum effective tillers hill-1 (12.80). The highest grain yield (6.29 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.73 t ha-1) were recorded in treatment T4 (BAU Soil Testing Kit). Treatment T4 (BAU Soil Testing Kit) also showed the highest grain yield increase (61.49%) and straw yield increase (90.49%) over control. The highest total N, P and K uptake (108.84 kg ha-1, 24.54 kg ha-1 and 128.17 kg ha-1) were obtained in the treatment T4 (BAU Soil Testing Kit). Control treatment T1 (No fertilizers) showed minimum performances in all the cases compared to other treatments. The overall result demonstrated that the application of fertilizers following BAU Soil Testing Kit method of fertilizer application system is a better option for rice production.

Response of Boro Rice (cv. BRRI dhan89) Yield to Foliar Application of Micronutrients

Insufficient management of nutrients poses a significant obstacle to achieving sustainable rice production in tropical climates. To address this challenge, an investigation was conducted to find the potential impact of micronutrients on enhancing the yield of Boro rice through foliar application. The study was structured using a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Field trials were conducted with three micronutrients (Boron, Zinc and Copper) and involved seven treatments, namely control (NPK), NPK + Zinc, NPK + Boron, NPK + Zinc + Boron, NPK + Zinc + Copper, NPK + Boron + Copper, and NPK + Zinc + Boron + Copper. The addition of zinc, boron and copper led to a notable enhancement in the factors contributing to yield. The maximum number of total tillers hill-1 (11.29), effective tillers hill-1 (10.09), panicle length (24.69), grain panicle-1 (138.36), grain yield (5.43 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.22 t ha-1) was resulted when NPK + Zinc + Boron + Copper applied together. The least grain yield (3.64 t ha-1) was produced in control (NPK) owing to lower number of effective tillers hill-1 (7.46), lower number of grain panicle-1 (118.46) and higher number of sterile spikelet panicle-1 (25.46). The findings suggested that the appliance of NPK combined with Zn, B and Cu yielded superior in BRRI dhan89.

Yield Performance of Binadhan-24 Over Two Selected Locations in Bangladesh

Boro is the most important cereal crops in terms of production to the farmers in Bangladesh. An experiment was conducted to examine the suitability and productivity of two rice varieties cultivating in Boro season. The experiment was consisted of Binadhan-24 and BRRI dhan58 and it was conducted at the farmer’s field of Mymensingh and Kishoreganj districts from December, 2022 to May, 2023. The experiment was performed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Higher yield (7.03 tha-1) was recorded in Binadhan-24 compared to the variety BRRI dhan58 (6.53 tha-1). A higher day to maturity was found in BRRI dhan58 (152.50 days) compared to the varieties Binadhan-24. The highest effective tiller hill-1 (24.90) and number of filled grain panicle-1 (142) were recorded in Binadhan-24 where in BRRI dhan58, effective tiller hill-1 and number of filled grain panicle-1 were 22.19 and 136.80 respectively. Higher 1000 seed wt. (24.38 g) was found in Binadhan-24 compared to another variety. And the maximum yield potential (7.03 tha-1) was recorded in Binadhan-24. This experiment will be useful to select Boro genotypes with high yield potential and future breeding stock in area specific suitable locations and all over the world.

Evaluation of Some HYV Boro Rice Varieties for Drought Tolerance Based on Morpho-Biochemical Traits

An experiment was conducted to study the drought tolerance in selected boro rice varieties in pots at the Farm Research Laboratory of Dept. Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in Rabi season of 2014-2015. In this experiment, drought was induced by manipulating the field capacity (30-35% FC as drought, 95-100% FC as control) and moisture content of the soil in the pot. Drought treatment was started 36 days after transplanting and continued till harvest. The work was comprised based on several morphological and biochemical approaches viz. days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, no of total tillers hill-1, no of effective tiller hill-1, days to maturity, no of filled grains panicle-1, no of unfilled grains panicle-1, grain panicle-1, 100 seed weight, grain yield panicle-1, yield hill-1, spikelet fertility, proline and L-ascorbic acid were found to be changed significantly in drought stress as compared to the control. In drought conditions, the highest yield performance was showed in BRRI dhan29 by changing 33.11% compared to its control. Due to drought induction proline accumulation was significantly upregulated by 2.53 and 2.10 folds in BRRI dhan36 and BINA dhan5, respectively and L-ascorbic acid was decreased lowest in BINA dhan10, BRRI dhan50, and BRRI dhan29 by 27.29%, 41.31%, and 43.91%, respectively. This study produced substantial information about the drought tolerance status of the selected boro rice varieties, and therefore, can be an aid for any future attempt to improve the drought tolerance of the studied varieties. Vol. 10, No. 3, December 2023: 247-258

Enhancing Transplant Aman Rice Productivity through NPK Fertilizer Split Application Scheduling Under Zero Till Non-Puddled Condition

This experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the varietal response of split application of NPK fertilizer application schedule on transplant aman rice under zero till non-puddled condition. The experiment comprised three rice varieties viz. Bashiraj (local), BRRI dhan49 (inbred), Dhanigold (hybrid); and seven NPK fertilizer application schedules. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The effect of variety, NPK fertilizer split application schedule and their interaction showed significant variation on the yield attributes and yield of aman rice. In interaction, the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (11.66), total spikelets panicle-1 (164.00), grains panicle-1 (151.22), 1000-grain weight (38.70 g), grain yield (5.67 t ha-1) and harvest index (60.36%) were obtained from hybrid variety Dhanigold when fertilized following 3-splits of N [1/3 at 14 days after transplanting (DAT) + 1/3 at maximum tillering (MT)+ 1/3 at panicle initiation (PI)] and P (1/3 as basal + 1/3 at MT + 1/3 at PI ), and single split of K as basal (full dose). Same treatment combination also provides the highest yield of BRRI dhan49, but the local Bashiraj gave the highest yield at recommended practice where only N was top-dressed at 3 splits. Based on this result, it may be concluded that for better productivity hybrid Dhanigold and inbred BRRI dhan49 might be fertilized with 3-splits of N (1/3 at 14 DAT + 1/3 at MT + 1/3 at PI) and P (1/3 as basal + 1/3 at MT + 1/3 at PI) and full dose of K as basal during aman season under zero till non-puddled condition. On the other hand, for local variety Bashiraj 3-spilts of N either [½ as basal + ¼ at active tillering (AT) + ¼ at PI] or N (1/3 at 7 DAT + 1/3 at MT + 1/3 at PI) and P, K as single split as basal appeared as the best application schedule.

Study on growth and yield of some aromatic rice varieties

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka during the period from June to December 2017 with seventeen aromatic rice varieties viz., V1= Chiniatap 1, V2= Chiniatap 2, V3= Kataribhog 1, V4= Kataribhog 2, V5= BRRI dhan34, V6= BRRI dhan37, V7= BRRI dhan38, V8= BR5/Dulabhog, V9= Khoisanne, V10 = Sadasanne, V11= Zirabhog, V12= Begun bichi, V13= Shakkhorkhora, V14= Chinigura, V15= Kalijira, V16= Badshabhog, V17= Modhumala to study on growth and yield of some aromatic rice varieties. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Regarding growth and yield parameters, the highest number of total tillers hill−1 (23.33), leaf area index (5.38), flag leaf length (30.12 cm), number of effective tillers hill−1 (21.67), panicle length (32.00 cm), number of grains panicle−1 (230.3), number of filled grains panicle−1 (212.7), grain yield (3.42 t ha−1), straw yield (6.19 t ha−1) and number of biological yield (9.610 t ha−1) were found in var. BRRI dhan37 but the highest 1000- grains weight (22.80 g) and harvest index (37.48%) were found Modhumala followed by BRRI dhan34, respectively. The lowest number of effective tillers hill−1 (13.33), panicle length (24.67 cm), grain yield (1.583 t ha−1), straw yield (4.083 t ha−1), biological yield (5.667 t ha−1) and harvest index (27.89%) were found in the var. Modhumala.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2023, 26(1): 1-8

Impact of Climate Resilient Technology on Growth and Yield of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) under Submergence Condition

The submergence of rice fields is a significant issue in India's rice production, which is further aggravated by the unpredictable monsoon rain patterns and the impact of climate change. Larger variation in rainfall patterns affected by the timing of nursery raising and transplanting later in the main field therefore, we adopted Climate Resilient Technology (CRT) for rice production, Extended seedbed durations for rice seedlings allow for adequate rainfall during the monsoon season. So that the experiment was conducted at 30 farmer’s fields of NICRA village, Khana Bari, Kishanganj, Bihar, India, in 2022 under the supervision farm science Center, Kishanganj, the experiment was framed in randomized block design with ten replications. All plots received the recommended dose of fertilizers (120:60:40 kg ha-1 N.P.K.) in equal amounts. Urea, di-ammonium phosphate, and muriate of potash were used as the sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. To determine the growth characters i.e., plant height (cm) at harvest stage, number of effective tillers hill-1, LAI, Chlorophyll concentration (SPAD) and days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded at 90 days. Yield attributes viz., After the completion of the harvest, various observations were recorded, such as the number of panicles/m2, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle, the test weight in grams, and the yield. This encompassed grain yield, straw yield, biological yield in quintals per hectare, and harvest index percentage. During the field experiment, both the climate-resilient technology Swarna Sub1 and Sabour Sampans paddy varieties were tested. Swarna Sub1 was found to be significantly superior in terms of plant growth, yield attributes, and yield characteristics. under submergence conditions. The significant maximum grain yield (48 q ha-1), straw yield (84 q ha-1), biological yield (153 q ha-1), and harvest index (45%) were recorded in Swarna Sub-1.

Yield Performance of Two Drought Tolerant Rice Mutants in Boro Season at Two Semi Drought Prone Areas of Bangladesh

Climate change is the biggest challenge for sustainable crop production all over the world, where drought is one of the outrageous factors. Two experiments were conducted to examine the suitability and productivity of drought tolerant two rice mutants cultivating in Boro season. The experiments were consisted of two mutants, derived from NERICA rice variety namely, RM-16(N)-8-1, RM-16(N)-10-1 and one Boro variety BRRI dhan58 and they were conducted at the farmer’s field of two semi drought prone areas as Mymensingh and Jamalpur districts of Bangladesh from December, 2021 to May, 2022. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Higher yield (7.01 tha-1) was recorded in the mutant RM-16(N)-10-1 compared to the variety BRRI dhan58 (6.46 tha-1). Higher days to maturity was found in BRRI dhan58 (151.50 days) compared to the mutants RM-16(N)-10-1 (150.50 days) and RM-16(N)-8-1 (148 days). The highest effective tiller hill-1 (25.10) and number of filled grain panicle-1 (142.50) were recorded in the mutant RM-16(N)-10-1 where in RM-16(N)-8-1, effective tiller hill-1 and number of filled grain panicle-1 were 22.88 and 138.92 respectively, and in BRRI dhan58 effective tiller hill-1 was 21.56 and number of filled grain panicle-1 was 142.46. Higher 1000 seed wt. (23.53 g) was found for RM-16(N)-10-1 compared to other two genotypes. And the maximum yield potential (7.01 tha-1) was recorded in the mutant RM-16(N)-10-1. Furthermore, it will be useful for Bangladesh to choose drought tolerant genotypes with high yield potential and future breeding stock.

Performance of Different Percentage of Urea as Foliar Fertilizer on Growth and Development of Rice (Rabi dhan1)

Nitrogen can dramatically stimulate plant productivity as well as yield potential of intensified agriculture system. The unavailability of Nitrogen fertilizer specially urea during critical period (sowing season, drought, flood.) hamper the rice production. It is noticed in literature that the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizer increased if it is applied in plants through foliage along with soil application. Present research work was planned to evaluate this theme so that the loss of yield due to unavailability of urea can be reduced by foliar application at various growth stages of rice. A research work was conducted to examine the “Performance of different percentage of urea as foliar fertilizer on growth and development of rice (Rabi dhan 1).” at the Agronomy and Agricultural extension Department Field, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2022-May 2023. Rabi Dhan-1 rice variety with six different percentage of urea as foliar application were used for this experiment. 1. T1= N0% Control, 2. T2= 65% of recommended dose (N 50% as SA + 15% as FA), 3. T3= 70% of recommended dose (N50% as SA + 20% as FA), 4. T4= 75% of recommended dose (N50 % as SA + 25 % as FA), 5. T5= 80% of recommended dose (N60% as SA + 20% as FA) , 6. T6= N100% Soil application (Traditional practice). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The significant effect of liquid fertilizer was found on almost all the parameters under studied. All the phenological and growth parameters showed the highest performance in T4 = 75% of recommended dose (N50 % as SA+ 25 % as FA) and lowest in T1= N0% Control. The result showed that the phenological characters like plant height, total number of tiller hill-1 was highest inT4 while the lowest was in T1. Plant height was increased with the increase of the age of plants. Chlorophyll content increased slowly at the early stage of crop growth and later declined. All the yield contributing characters like plant height, total number of tiller hill-1, effective tiller hill-1, panicle length, number of grains panicle-1, number of filled grain panicle-1, 1000 grain weight and grain yield were varied significantly due to different doses of fertilizer application.

Seed priming influences on yield and protein content of wheat sown at different time

The aim of this field experiment conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, was to investigate the impact of different seed priming techniques and sowing dates on the yield and quality of wheat. The study aimed to identify the most effective seed priming technique and optimal sowing date to enhance wheat productivity and minimize yield reduction. The experiment employed a split plot design with two factors: seed priming techniques (no priming, hydropriming with distilled water, osmopriming with PEG, and halopriming with CaCl2) and sowing dates (November 20, December 05, and December 20). The trial was conducted from November 2019 to April 2020 at the research field. The study consisted of three replications for each treatment combination. Osmopriming exhibited the most favorable results among all priming techniques, showing significantly higher values for effective tillers hill-1 (3.91), number of grains spike-1 (43.82), number of spikelets spike-1 (16.16), grain yield (3.87 tons hectare-1), biological yield (6.02 t ha-1), and harvest index (39.03%). No priming condition resulted in the highest protein content (12.11%), while osmopriming had the lowest protein content (11.77%). The sowing conducted on November 20 yielded the highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (3.57), number of grains spike-1 (42.49), number of spikelets spike-1 (15.75), grain yield (3.71 t ha-1), biological yield (9.70 t ha-1), and lowest protein content (11.74%). Sowing on December 20 resulted in the highest protein content (12.20%). Based on the study's findings, it can be concluded that the osmopriming technique, combined with sowing on November 20, offers the most promising approach to mitigate the yield reduction of wheat. This combination demonstrated the highest grain yield (4.23 t ha-1) compared to other treatments. Therefore, farmers and agricultural practitioners are recommended to adopt the osmopriming technique with a sowing date of November 20 for optimizing wheat production and enhancing overall crop quality.

Influence of seedling age and integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of aromatic rice (cv. BRRI dhan34)

To investigate the performance of aromatic rice (cv. BRRI dhan34) in response to seedling age and nutrient management, an experiment was carried out at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from July to December 2021. The experiment includes three different ages of seedlings to be transplanted viz., 30, 45 and 60 days old and six nutrient management practice viz. control (no manures and fertilizers), recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers (RDF), 50% of RDF + cow dung @ 5 t ha-1, 75% of RDF + cow dung @ 5 t ha-1, 50% of RDF + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 and, 75% of RDF + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that in the case of transplanting of different aged seedlings, the highest leaf area index (5.74), dry matter hill-1 (32.86 g), number of tillers hill-1 (13.17), number of effective tillers hill-1 (11.53), plant height (113.34 cm), total grains panicle-1 (135.14), 1000-grain weight (12.45 g), grain yield (3.29 t ha-1), straw yield (4.01 t ha-1), biological yield (7.30 t ha-1) and were recorded from transplanting 30 days old seedlings. Different levels of nutrient management showed a significant impact on most of the parameters under study. The highest total dry matter hill-1 (34.02 g), the maximum LAI (5.35), plant height (115.70 cm), chlorophyll content (42.87), number of effective tillers hill-1 (12.99), panicle length (24.63 cm), total grains panicle-1 (140.17), 1000-grain weight (12.54 g), grain yield (3.27 t ha-1), straw yield (4.15 t ha-1), biological yield (7.42 t ha-1) and harvest index (43.03%) were also recorded in F5 (75% of RDF + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1) treatment. While considering the interaction effects between the age of seedlings and nutrient management, transplanting 30 days old seedlings along with the nutrient management of 75% of RDF + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 treatment improved yield contributing parameters and provided the highest yield (3.76 t ha-1) of BRRI dhan34 compared to other treatment combination. So, the application of 75% of RDF + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 along with 30 days old seedlings appeared as a promising practice to obtain better performance of fine aromatic rice (cv. BRRI dhan34).

Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on the Growth and Yield of Fine Aromatic Rice (cv. Binadhan-13)

Nitrogen and phosphorus are the essential nutrients involved in various physiological processes and affect the grain yield of rice. An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to find out how nitrogen and phosphorus affect the growth and productivity of fine aromatic rice. The experiment consisted of five levels of nitrogen viz. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N ha-1 with four levels of phosphorus viz. 0, 15, 30, and 45 kg P2O5 ha-1. The experiment was set up using a randomized complete block design with three replications. According to the findings, the level of nitrogen, phosphorus and their interactions had a big impact on the yield and growth of aromatic rice. At harvest, the highest grain yield (4.15 t ha-1) was found in 75 kg N ha-1 which was identical with 100 kg N ha-1 while the lowest one was found in control (0 kg N ha-1). In case of phosphorus, 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 produced the maximum grain yield (3.73 t ha-1) compared to other treatments and the lowest grain yield was discovered in control (0 kg P2O5 ha-1). In interaction, the highest plant height (150 cm), number of effective tillers hill-1 (7.33), panicle length (24.00 cm), grains panicle-1 (136.9) and grain yield (4.37 t ha-1) were recorded in 75 kg N ha-1 × 45 kg P2O5 ha-1. Application of 75 kg N ha-1 along with 45 kg P2O5 ha-1 appears to be a promising combination for growing aromatic fine rice (cv. Binadhan-13).

Effect of Nitrogen Doses in Boro Rice Grown with Variable Levels of Floating Duckweed

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Research Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2018 to June 2019 to study the nitrogen requirement of boro rice grown with floating duckweed. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were duckweed: viz. D0 = Control (0 g duckweeds m-2), D1 = 200 g duckweeds m-2, D2 = 400 g duckweeds m-2 and D3 = 600 g duckweeds m-2) and nitrogen treatment: N1 = 45 kg N ha-1, N2 = 90 kg N ha-1 and N3 = 180 kg N ha-1). Different doses of duckweeds showed significant influence on most of the parameters of which D2 (400 g duckweeds m-2) treatment the best performance on growth and yield parameters of rice. Among different doses of nitrogen, N2 (90 kg N ha-1) gave the best results on growth and yield parameters of rice. In case of combined effect, D2N2 showed the highest number of tillers hill-1 (16.40), dry weight hill-1 (48.97 g), number of effective tillers hill-1 (14.73) and number of grains panicle-1 (189.50). This treatment combination also showed the highest number of filled grains panicle-1 (183.90), panicle length (25.83 cm), 1000 -grain weight (25.13 g), seed yield (7.24 t ha-1), straw yield (8.47 t ha-1), biological yield (15.71 t ha-1) and harvest index (46.09%). On the other hand, D0N3 gave the least results on these parameters. Findings revealed that application of 400 g duckweeds m-2 with 90 kg N ha-1 showed the superiority over other treatment combinations to produce higher grain yield of boro rice.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 109-117

Performance of Aman Rice Varieties Under Different Nutrient Management

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to December 2017 to investigate the combined effect of poultry manure with inorganic fertilizers on the yield of BINA developed transplant Aman rice varieties. The experiment comprised three varieties viz. Binadhan-15, Binadhan-16 and Binadhan-17 with five nutrient management viz. Control (no application of manures and fertilizers), 100% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer (Urea-TSP-MoP-Gypsum-Zinc sulphate @ 150-110-70-60-5 kg ha-1) (RF), Poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1, 75% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1, 50% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Number of total tillers hill-1 (13.37), number of effective tillers hill-1 (6.76), grains panicle-1 (107.86 cm), grain yield (6.97 t ha-1), straw yield (8.36 t ha-1), and harvest index (45.47%) were found to be the highest in Binadhan-17 and the highest weight of 1000-grain (27.32 g) was recorded in Binadhan-16. Among the nutrient management, 75% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 exhibited its superiority to other treatments in terms of number of total tillers hill-1(11.74), grains panicle-1 (115.26), 1000-grain weight (23.49 g), grain yield (6.57 t ha-1) and harvest index (48.20%). The highest grain yield (7.10 t ha-1) was found in Binadhan-17 with 75% RF + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 and the lowest grain yield (5.32 t ha-1) was found in Binadhan-16 with control treatment. From the study, it can be concluded that Binadhan-17 fertilized with 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 appears as the promising practice to obtain the highest grain yield.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 89-96

Performance of Three Boro Rice Varieties Under Different Levels of Nitrogen Application

A field exper iment was carr ied out to study the effect of levels of nitrogen on the performance of three Boro rice varieties e.g. cv. BRRI dhan28, cv BRRI dhan29 and cv. Surjomoni. The experiment comprised four levels of nitrogen viz. 0 kg N ha-1, 60 kg N ha-1, 120 kg N ha-1 and 180 kg N ha- 1 . The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest grain yield (4.23 t ha-1) was obtained from cv. BRRI dhan29 because of production of the highest number of both total tillers m-2 and effective tillers m-2. BRRI dhan28 produced higher grain yield (3.39 t ha-1) compared to that of Surjomoni (3.07 t ha-1). Application of 120 kg N ha-1 produced the highest grain yield (4.23 t ha-1) because of the production of the highest number of both total tillers m- ' and effective tillers m-2 in the t reatment . Appl icat ion of 180 kg N ha-1 produced the second-highest grain yield (3.70 t ha-1) and 0 kg N ha-1 produced the lowest grain yield (2.76 t ha-1). Interaction between variety and levels of nitrogen significantly influenced all parameters studied except plant height, total tillers hill -1, effective tillers hill-1, non-effective tillers hill-1, length of panicle, number of sterile spikelets panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield (4.60 t ha-1) was obtained from BRRI dhan29 with the application of 120 kg N ha-1 and the lowest grain yield (2.40 t ha- 1 ) was obtained f rom the treatment combination of Surjomoni and 0 kg N ha-1. Rice variety BRRI dhan29 can be provided with 120 kg N ha-1 to get the highest and economic production of the crop.
 Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 267-278