Effects Of Management Research Articles

Immunotherapy-Related Neurotoxicity in the Central Nervous System of Children with Cancer.

Significant gaps remain in our understanding of immunotherapy-related neurotoxicity in pediatric patients, largely because much of our knowledge comes from studies in adults. Accurately identifying the adverse effects of immunotherapy in children is also challenging, owing to variations in terminology and grading systems. Moreover, the manifestation of immunotherapy-related neurotoxicity differs greatly across different diseases, various modalities, dosages, and delivery methods. Combining immunotherapy with other treatments might improve outcomes but introduces new complexities and potential for increased toxicities. Additionally, pediatric patients with intracranial malignancy have unique responses to immunotherapies and distinct neurotoxicity compared to those with extracranial malignancy. Consequently, we must enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology, prevalence, severity, and management of immunotherapy's neurotoxic effects in this vulnerable group. This review consolidates the current knowledge of immunotherapy-related neurotoxicity in pediatric oncology, highlighting various types of neurotoxicity including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and tumor inflammation-associated neurotoxicity (TIAN), among others. Furthermore, we examine the unique features of neurotoxicity associated with adoptive cellular therapy (ACT), antibody-based therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), oncolytic viruses (OV), and cancer vaccines.

Utilizing Machine Learning for Predictive Maintenance of Climate-Resilient Highways through Integration of Advanced Asphalt Binders and Permeable Pavement Systems with IoT Technology

This review provides a comprehensive examination of the application of advanced technologies in enhancing the climate resilience of highway infrastructure. The focus is on the integration of machine learning for predictive maintenance, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices for real-time monitoring, and the deployment of advanced materials, specifically permeable pavements and modified asphalt binders. The review explores how these technologies work synergistically to create durable, low-maintenance highway systems capable of withstanding extreme environmental conditions. Advanced asphalt binders, such as those modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and nanomaterials, are discussed for their enhanced flexibility, thermal stability, and load-bearing capacity. Additionally, the environmental and structural benefits of permeable pavements are highlighted, particularly their role in stormwater management and reduction of urban heat island effects. Several case studies highlight the successful implementation of these technologies in diverse geographical and climatic conditions, including North Carolina, Australia, and Raipur, India. These cases illustrate the adaptability and environmental benefits of permeable pavements in managing stormwater, recharging groundwater, and mitigating the urban heat island effect. By synthesizing recent advancements and practical implementations, this review emphasizes the importance of integrating predictive technologies and resilient materials to develop sustainable, climate- adaptive highway systems. These insights offer a foundation for future infrastructure policies and technological innovations aimed at enhancing the durability and environmental sustainability of highway networks.

Late Effects After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Among Childhood Transplant Survivors with Fanconi Anemia.

Fanconi anemia is the most common inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. HSCT remains the only curative treatment for hematological manifestations of FA. Despite restoration of long-term hematopoiesis, patients continue to remain at risk of late effects. In our study, we aimed to reveal the problems that occur in the long-term follow-up of FA patients, and point out an ongoing need for the improvement of long-term follow-up guidelines for childhood transplant survivors with FA. In this single centered, cross-sectional study, we analyzed the long-term outcome of 36 patients with FA according to current recommendations with a median age of 18.1 years (range: 6.1-36 years, male/female, 24/12) who underwent a HSCT at Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Unit between 1995 and 2019 and survived at least one year post-transplant. The median long-term follow-up time was 8 years (range, 1-25 years). Gonadal dysfunction was detected in about 35% of our patients. 31% of the patients had hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, 4 % had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. When the patients were evaluated for growth impairment, 7 of 12 patients who reached their final adult height and 12 of 21 patients who didn't complete their growth, had height standard deviation score below -2 SD. Three patients (9%) developed subclinical hypothyroidism, two (6%) had overt hypothyroidism and one (3%) had central hypothyroidism. Although, none of our patients fully met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, 23% of the patients had insulin resistance and 39% had dyslipidemia. Evaluation of organ dysfunctions revealed that almost 50% of the patients had obstructive and 21 % had restrictive changes in their pulmonary function tests. Hepatosteatosis was detected in 15% of the patients and mild valve dysfunction was detected in 50 % of evaluable patients. Three patients developed secondary malignancies. Squamous cell cancer developed in 2 patients and basal cell cancer in one patient. A risk-defined multidisciplinary approach for long-term follow up of children with FA undergoing HSCT is essential for early detection and management of late effects.

Evaluating Teachers’ Performances: Travails of School Heads in the New Normal

This study explored the lived experiences, challenges encountered, coping mechanisms and insights of public elementary school heads on evaluating teachers in schools using the RPMS-IPCRF in the new normal. The participants were coming from DepEd Region XI, Division of Davao City, specifically in the schools of Paquibato District. There were eight (8) school heads who participated in the study, and were purposely selected. This study made use of a phenomenological approach to extract the ideas from the participants. The virtual in- depth interview was employed to gather significant information with regard to their respective lived experiences. Using the thematic analysis, the following themes emerged pertaining to their lived experiences: evaluation for performance improvement, evaluation as a difficult task, teachers providing outstanding educational services, and hurdling evaluation challenges. Further, there were also three (3) subthemes that emerged on the challenges experienced by the participants. These are the lack of RPMS-IPCRF orientations, unattainable key results areas, and rater-ratee relationship issues. The coping mechanisms of participants on the challenges they experienced were: RPMS-IPCRF re-orientations, team building for strengthening relationships, and regular coaching and monitoring. The educational management insights drawn from the participants were the importance of LAC sessions in schools and the value of rater-ratee collaborations. Thus, it is crucial to provide effective evaluation strategy training to school heads with additional support and continual professional development endeavors to boost their effectiveness and foster desirable management and evaluation skills amidst the pandemic.

Setting Tiered Management Triggers using a Values-based Approach in an Indigenous-led Cumulative Effects Management System.

Indigenous-led cumulative effects assessment and management (CEM) has emerged in recent years as a proactive and strategic approach for addressing the cumulative impacts of industrial development and other activities. CEM identifies and monitors high-priority values and stressors and develops management strategies to restore and improve the condition of those values. As Indigenous-led CEM evolves, it faces a major challenge in linking cumulative effects assessment and monitoring information to effective management actions. One promising approach to address this challenge is the use of tiered management triggers, which are a series of progressive markers associated with specified degrees of change in the condition of a value, designed to reflect increasing levels of concern about the value. These types of limits or thresholds inform decision-makers that they need to act, or act more intensively, to restore values to an acceptable state. In this paper, we present a novel method for setting tiered management triggers that was developed in an Indigenous-led CEM program. We co-developed this six-step method with the Metlakatla First Nation (located on the northwest coast of British Columbia, Canada) and applied it in a series of community workshops to select triggers for three values in the Metlakatla CEM Program: butter clams, housing, and food, social, and ceremonial activity. The method draws from participatory frameworks including structured decision-making and collaborative planning. The workshop results show that management triggers can successfully be established through a values-focused process of social choice, involving community engagement and informed by relevant scientific research and other knowledge.

Leadership effectiveness, managerial competencies and knowledge management among the Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University

Leadership effectiveness, managerial competencies and knowledge management among the Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University

A RELEVÂNCIA DOS FARMACÊUTICOS NO AVANÇO E NOS DESAFIOS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS: EFICÁCIA, SEGURANÇA E ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO.

Introduction: This article explores the crucial role of pharmacists in advancing and managing the challenges related to antidepressant development, focusing specifically on efficacy, safety, and treatment adherence. The collected data highlight how pharmacists contribute to the efficacy of antidepressants through appropriate medication selection, dose adjustment, and continuous patient monitoring. Additionally, it discusses the merit of pharmacists in ensuring patient safety, inferring the identification and management of side effects, as well as strategies to achieve better treatment adherence, which is often compromised by adverse effects and the complexity of therapeutic regimens. Methodology: Studies from 2020 to 2024 were included, employing a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches, with data gathered from bibliographic references within the platforms: PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, and DeCS from BVS, which provided a cohesive basis for the creation of this work. Results: The research revealed that pharmacists play a fundamental role in optimizing antidepressant efficacy and reducing associated safety risks, as well as in implementing strategies to improve treatment adherence, such as patient education and personalized support. Conclusion: Despite advancements in antidepressant development, challenges related to efficacy, safety, and adherence remain significant. Pharmacists are essential in overcoming these challenges and ensuring more effective and safe treatment for patients. Continued research is necessary to explore new management strategies and support the ongoing advancement of antidepressant pharmacotherapy.

Multiple-beam output, high-peak power passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG laser for ignition application - Modeling of laser pulse characteristics and thermal behavior

In this work we report on the characteristics of a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG laser with four beams, developed for studies on the laser ignition of different combustible mixtures. The compact laser contains a Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG ceramic composite medium, with a monolithic optical resonator. A configuration in which each beam contains laser pulses with an energy of 3.1 mJ and a duration of 0.9 ns (i.e. with a peak power of 3.4 MW) is discussed; operation can be performed in pulse-burst mode, with up to five pulses per pumping pulse. The characteristics of the laser pulses are described by a model based on the rate equations for the photon flux and population inversions in the Nd:YAG gain medium and in the Cr4+:YAG medium with saturable absorption. In addition, the thermal effects are simulated for the operation up to 100 Hz repetition rate, considering the Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG laser medium with two geometries, the first of the rod type and the second of the annular type (i.e. cylinder with a central hole) for a good management of thermal effects. This work is an important advancement towards developing a compact laser device with multiple beams, featuring laser pulses and structural properties suitable for igniting combustible mixtures in real engines.

Evaluasi dan Perancangan Model Bisnis UMKM Miss Bluder dengan Business Model Canvas

Miss Bluder is an MSME that sells bluder bread in the city of Bandung. In recent times, Miss Bluder has experienced a significant decline in sales. This is due to limitations in human resource management, suboptimal partnerships, and lack of effectiveness in the sales media used. This research aims to evaluate and design a new business model for Miss Bluder using the Business Model Canvas method. The data used included current business models, customer profiles from interviews, as well as business environment data from literature studies and online research. A SWOT analysis was carried out to formulate an improvement strategy, followed by the design of a Value Proposition Canvas, Channels, and Customer Relationships. After the business model design is completed, verification, financial simulation, and validation processes are carried out through evaluations and interviews with business owners. With the implementation of the new business model, it is hoped that Miss Bluder can overcome the decline in sales, improve business performance, and strengthen its position in the market.

Board Characteristics and Internal Control Risk Management in Urban Investment Companies: A Case Study of Guangxi Urban Investment Group

This study explores the relationship between board characteristics and internal control effectiveness and risk management practices in Chinese urban investment companies. Using a mixed research method combining questionnaire surveys and case studies, an empirical study was conducted on 104 urban investment companies, with the Guangxi Urban Investment Group as a case study. The study found that board characteristics are significantly and positively correlated with internal control effectiveness and risk management practices. Among these, the impact of board expertise is the most significant, followed by board independence and diversity. Board size is positively correlated with internal control effectiveness, but has no significant relationship with risk management practices. The study also found that company size has a moderating effect on the relationship between board characteristics and governance practices. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for the corporate governance of urban investment companies, emphasizing the importance of improving the professionalism, independence and diversity of the board of directors. The study suggests that urban investment companies should adjust the composition of the board of directors according to their size and complexity, and adopt a comprehensive governance framework to integrate internal control and risk management practices. Future research can further explore the relationship between board characteristics, governance practices and company performance, as well as the impact of emerging technologies on the governance requirements of urban investment companies.

The importance of healthcare monitoring systems

Abstract Issue Healthcare evaluation is an important tool of governance in the health sector that reinforces its key components: evidence-based care, effectiveness, programme standards, performance monitoring, quality improvement, risk and incident management and patient-centered care. One of the evaluation systems used by the Veneto Region (north italian region of about 4.8 million inhabitants) consists of the National Outcomes Programme (PNE) developed by the Italian National Agency for Regional Healthcare Services (AGENAS) on behalf of the Health Ministry. Description The PNE is an instrument used to measure, analyze, evaluate and monitor clinical and welfare assistance performances of Italian healthcare facilities. The Veneto Region, in particular, utilizes a regional epidemiologic service to periodically monitor 21 performance indicators based on “treemap” methodology. These indicators are used to assess processes, outcomes and volumes. The data used to monitor these practices derive from the hospital discharge documentation (SDO) and tax registry information system. The aim of this monitoring system is to track any critical situation that is not in alignment with national guidelines and to improve the efficacy, efficiency, appropriateness and safety within the healthcare system. Results In the Veneto region, over the course of nearly 10 years, this method of management has led to the development of various training courses that guide clinicians to correctly document and code different diagnosis and treatments. The treemap process of analysis has also made possible various clinical audits that have provided significant policy changes regarding risk and overall health management. Lessons Having a constant view of healthcare performance has proven to be helpful not only to identify some common gaps in care given from different facilities on a national level, but also guides different regions to develop specific strategies that lead to quality improvement. Key messages • Data on healthcare quality can be used as comparative information and for quality improvement. • Continuous monitoring of specific performance indicators can help identify difficulties in healthcare facilities and create strategies for long term solutions.

Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (Sacubitril/Valsartan) in cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction: real-world experience from a nurse-led cardio-oncology clinic

Abstract Introduction Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is a common toxicity amongst patients receiving anti-cancer treatment1. Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) Sacubitril/Valsartan is recommended to reduce Heart Failure (HF) admissions and cardiovascular mortality2. However, patients with active cancer were excluded from the key trials of ARNI. This study aims to provide a real-world experience of ARNI prescription and management from the perspective of a nurse-led Cardio-Oncology clinic. Methods This is a single centre, retrospective, observational cohort study performed at a Cardio-Oncology specialist centre between the period of 2021 to 2024. Adult cancer patients receiving anti-cancer therapy were included if they had symptomatic HF or asymptomatic CTRCD, were initiated on ARNI and followed up in the nurse-led Cardio-Oncology clinic. Results Twenty-nine patients were started on ARNI (see Figure 1). The mean age of the patients was 66+11 years and 17 (59%) were male. Cardiovascular risk factors were common: hypertension (45%), hyperlipidaemia (35%), diabetes mellitus (21%), and smoking (17%). Haematological and breast malignancies were most common (31% and 21% respectively), followed by gynaecological malignancies (14%). Twenty-one (72%) were treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy including 10 (35%) received anthracyclines. Five (17%) patients received human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted therapies, 3 (10%) were on tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and 2 (7%) received immunotherapy. Twenty-five (86%) patients presented with symptomatic HF while 4 (14%) had asymptomatic CTRCD. The median N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) level was elevated at 1325(806-4330)ng/L. Thirteen (45%) patients tolerated the maximum dose of 200mg twice daily, while 16 (56%) could only tolerate middle and lowest dosages. ARNI dose up titration to the maximum tolerated dose took 26 (15-79) days. Twenty-eight (97%) patients were on beta blockers, 26 (90%) received SGLT2 inhibitors, 25 (86%) on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and 10 (35%) patients required diuretics. The most common side effect was symptomatic hypotension in 11 (38%) patients. Two (7%) had hyperkalemia, 1 (3%) acute kidney injury following initiation, and 1 (3%) had dizziness without significant hypotension. Nine (31%) required dose reduction allowing ARNI to be continued, while 3 (10%) patients had to permanently discontinue ARNI. There were no cardiovascular deaths, cancer deaths or HF admissions. Conclusion The Cardio-Oncology nurse-led clinic permits rapid up-titration of ARNI to target dosages in patients with CTRCD, resulting in significant improvements in cardiac function. The nurse lead clinic education, support and side effect management allowed uninterrupted continuation of cancer treatment. Whether this approach translates into be better cardiac and cancer outcomes requires further study.

Assessing the Effects of Organizational Culture on the Connection Between Innovation in Organizations and Human Resource Management

This article examines the significance of human resource management (HRM) in innovation, organizational culture, and organizational effectiveness. The conceptual framework creation was supported by extracting information from literature research on related study topics, such as resource-based views and organizational effectiveness. This paper seeks to address the existing gap in the literature on organizational effectiveness by emphasizing the role of HRM in influencing business performance. Specifically, it focuses on the intermediate impact of HRM on innovation and culture. This research can help higher education institutions better understand how human resource policies can improve long-term performance by encouraging innovation and fostering an effective culture.

Nanomaterial-Enhanced Microneedles: Emerging Therapies for Diabetes and Obesity.

Drug delivery systems (DDS) have improved therapeutic agent administration by enhancing efficacy and patient compliance while minimizing side effects. They enable targeted delivery, controlled release, and improved bioavailability. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer non-invasive medication administration and have evolved to include methods such as chemical enhancers, iontophoresis, microneedles (MN), and nanocarriers. MN technology provides innovative solutions for chronic metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity using various MN types. For diabetes management, MNs enable continuous glucose monitoring, diabetic wound healing, and painless insulin delivery. For obesity treatment, MNs provide sustained transdermal delivery of anti-obesity drugs or nanoparticles (NPs). Hybrid systems integrating wearable sensors and smart materials enhance treatment effectiveness and patient management. Nanotechnology has advanced drug delivery by integrating nano-scaled materials like liposomes and polymeric NPs with MNs. In diabetes management, glucose-responsive NPs facilitate smart insulin delivery. At the same time, lipid nanocarriers in dissolving MNs enable extended release for obesity treatment, enhancing drug stability and absorption for improved metabolic disorder therapies. DDS for obesity and diabetes are advancing toward personalized treatments using smart MN enhanced with nanomaterials. These innovative approaches can enhance patient outcomes through precise drug administration and real-time monitoring. However, widespread implementation faces challenges in ensuring biocompatibility, improving technologies, scaling production, and obtaining regulatory approval. This review will present recent advances in developing and applying nanomaterial-enhanced MNs for diabetes and obesity management while also discussing the challenges, limitations, and future perspectives of these innovative DDS.

Feasibility and pilot study of Indonesia’s first telehealth support program for gynecological cancer survivors undergoing chemotherapy

Most Indonesian gynecological cancer survivors experience chemotherapy side effects on their physical and mental health as they face unmet needs of supportive care, which increases the likelihood of discontinuing treatment. Interventions in telehealth assist survivors in resolving these issues. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of fighting distress, self-efficacy, health effects, and sexual (FoRSHE-X) interventions and evaluate their potential impact on distress level, side effects knowledge and management, self-efficacy, and sexual quality of life. The study involved gynecological cancer survivors who underwent chemotherapy and participated in ten weeks of individual social media-based education, tele-coaching, and teleconsultations, from September 2023 to June 2024. The study feasibility and pilot outcomes were evaluated using descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis. Of the twelve women recruited, six (50%) completed the study, filled out pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, and participated in interviews. Fifty-four virtual education, coaching, and consultation sessions were performed individually. The statistical results indicated that participants were highly satisfied with the telehealth program, which significantly increased their knowledge (p=0.02), health practices (p=0.04), and self-efficacy (p=0.01). The qualitative analysis highlighted participants' and coaches' perspectives on the study’s acceptance, barriers, and recommendations. In conclusion, this pilot study suggests that a definitive trial to assess the FoRSHE-X interventions is feasible, acceptable, and can be applied not only to gynecological cancer survivors but also to other types of cancer, thereby broadening the potential impact of the study.

The impact of economic, social and health crises on victims of domestic violence

Aim: The situation of victims of domestic violence and partner abuse becomes even more serious in crisis situations. There have been and are ongoing conflicts in the world, which have been scrutinised by economists, sociologists, criminologists, health professionals and lawyers alike in recent years. The latest related research worldwide provides a lot of important new information that can help prepare for the problem and provide professionally competent answers. Methodology: A selection of research conducted in different parts of the world. Summary reports were prepared to shed light on similarities and differences. Findings: It is clear from the processed literature that the individual forms of violence are connected in crisis situations and pose an even greater danger. Violence at the macro level, such as war, also increases violent conflict at the micro level. The crises caused by the fear of COVID, the lockdown, war conflicts, hunger, and the climate disaster spill over into family homes and make the victims of domestic violence and partner abuse even more vulnerable. Most of the processed materials analyse research born after COVID. The COVID–19 epidemic also provided many lessons regarding the management and prevention of the economic effects of future natural disasters and the associated increased domestic violence. Value: Analyses point to relationships that need further research and evaluation. In the future, macro- and micro-level violence research must be continued, common global results must be aggregated, and complex, global solutions must be developed. International organisations must continue to collect data and provide clear guidelines to public bodies and social organisations for the joint management of macro- and micro-level problems.

A gazdasági, társadalmi és egészségügyi válságok hatása a családon belüli erőszak áldozataira

Aim: The situation of victims of domestic violence and partner abuse becomes even more serious in crisis situations. There have been and are ongoing conflicts in the world, which have been scrutinized by economists, sociologists, criminologists, health professionals and lawyers alike in recent years. The latest related research worldwide provides a lot of important new information that can help prepare for the problem and provide professionally competent answers. Methodology: A selection of research conducted in different parts of the world. Summary reports were prepared to shed light on similarities and differences. Findings: It is clear from the processed literature that the individual forms of violence are connected in crisis situations and pose an even greater danger. Violence at the macro level, such as war, also increases violent conflict at the micro level. The crises caused by the fear of COVID, the lockdown, war conflicts, hunger, and the climate disaster spill over into family homes and make the victims of domestic violence and partner abuse even more vulnerable. Most of the processed materials analyse research born after COVID. The COVID-19 epidemic also provided many lessons regarding the management and prevention of the economic effects of future natural disasters and the associated increased domestic violence. Value: Analyses point to relationships that need further research and evaluation. In the future, macro- and micro-level violence research must be continued, common global results must be aggregated, and complex, global solutions must be developed. International organizations must continue to collect data and provide clear guidelines to public bodies and social organizations for the joint management of macro- and micro-level problems.

The Ambivalence of Post COVID-19 Vaccination Responses in Humans.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has prompted a massive global vaccination campaign, leading to the rapid development and deployment of several vaccines. Various COVID-19 vaccines are under different phases of clinical trials and include the whole virus or its parts like DNA, mRNA, or protein subunits administered directly or through vectors. Beginning in 2020, a few mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 and Moderna mRNA-1273) and adenovirus-based (AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S and the Janssen Ad26.COV2.S) vaccines were recommended by WHO for emergency use before the completion of the phase 3 and 4 trials. These vaccines were mostly administered in two or three doses at a defined frequency between the two doses. While these vaccines, mainly based on viral nucleic acids or protein conferred protection against the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection into severe COVID-19, and prevented death due to the disease, their use has also been accompanied by a plethora of side effects. Common side effects include localized reactions such as pain at the injection site, as well as systemic reactions like fever, fatigue, and headache. These symptoms are generally mild to moderate and resolve within a few days. However, rare but more serious side effects have been reported, including allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and, in some cases, myocarditis or pericarditis, particularly in younger males. Ongoing surveillance and research efforts continue to refine the understanding of these adverse effects, providing critical insights into the risk-benefit profile of COVID-19 vaccines. Nonetheless, the overall safety profile supports the continued use of these vaccines in combating the pandemic, with regulatory agencies and health organizations emphasizing the importance of vaccination in preventing COVID-19's severe outcomes. In this review, we describe different types of COVID-19 vaccines and summarize various adverse effects due to autoimmune and inflammatory response(s) manifesting predominantly as cardiac, hematological, neurological, and psychological dysfunctions. The incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of different adverse effects and possible mechanisms contributing to these effects are discussed. The review highlights the potential ambivalence of human response post-COVID-19 vaccination and necessitates the need to mitigate the adverse side effects.

Evaluating Circulating Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Tumor Monitoring in Pediatric Sarcomas: Recent Advances and Future Directions.

Pediatric sarcomas present a significant challenge in oncology. There is an urgent need for improved therapeutic strategies for high-risk patients and better management of long-term side effects for those who survive the disease. Liquid biopsy is emerging as a promising tool to optimize treatment in these patients by offering non-invasive, repeatable assessments of disease status. Circulating biomarkers can provide valuable insights into tumor genetics and treatment response, potentially facilitating early diagnosis and dynamic disease monitoring. This review examines the potential of liquid biopsies, focusing on circulating biomarkers in the most common pediatric sarcomas, i.e., osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. We also highlight the current research efforts and the necessary advancements required before these technologies can be widely adopted in clinical practice.

Targeted Drug Delivery in Periorbital Non-Melanocytic Skin Malignancies.

Targeted drug delivery has emerged as a transformative approach in the treatment of periorbital skin malignancies, offering the potential for enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects compared to traditional therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of targeted therapies in the context of periorbital malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. It explores the mechanisms of action for various targeted therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and immunotherapies, and their applications in treating these malignancies. Additionally, this review addresses the management of ocular and periocular side effects associated with these therapies, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to minimize impact and ensure patient adherence. By integrating current findings and discussing emerging trends, this review aims to highlight the advancements in targeted drug delivery and its potential to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients with periorbital skin malignancies.