Effective Economic Tool Research Articles

THE POTENTIAL OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINE ENTERPRISE: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MARKETING RESEARCH IN IT FORMING

A statistical analysis of the activities of veterinary medicine enterprises shows that over the last decade, the scientific content of their products, in particular veterinary drugs and feed additives, has increased significantly. At the same time, the experience of the leading enterprises of veterinary medicine, namely Ukrzoovetprompostach PJSC, Brovapharma LLC, Ukrvetprompostach LLC, Biopharm PJSC, Product LLC, Inter-Syntez LLC, confirms that in this the productive role belongs to marketing, as an effective economic tool of systematic market analysis and development of relevant proposals. The role of marketing in the development, organization of production and sale of veterinary medicine products with objective consideration of the processes taking place on the product market is recognized and economically justified.
 The main functions of marketing include: study of demand for products, organization of advertising, development of ways of guaranteed sale of products, formation of its assortment, comparison with respect to the characteristics of products of competing enterprises. The basis of marketing research on the veterinary medicine market is the collection, analysis, and generalization of market information, including and consumer requests. The experience of the mentioned enterprises shows that properly organized marketing research of the product market contributes to the rational development of enterprise management systems, ensuring the proper quality of products and their competitiveness, as well as the effective distribution of costs at all stages of the production cycle.
 The effectiveness of marketing research is based on the features of marketing information regarding the detailed study of the technical and economic characteristics of the products that are put into market circulation, taking into account the potential opportunities of the companies producing the products and all the factors that are present in the market conditions.
 It is important, at this stage of the development of market relations, to continue research on the study of positive experience regarding the significance of marketing research on the market of veterinary medicine products in the formation of the potential of enterprises.

Gender Perspectives in Tourism Studies: A Comparative Bibliometric Analysis in the MENA Region

ABSTRACT Recently tourism appears to be an effective economic tool to enhance gender equality and women's empowerment. This study analyzed the gendered-oriented articles concerning the tourism sector in the MENA region. This study focused on the articles that used structured methods such as interviews, questionnaires, surveys, and observations. 203 articles were extracted from the Scopus and Web of Science databases and analyzed through six bibliometric analysis units: scientific production evolution, documents, authors, sources, countries and institutions, and keywords. The main results of this study can be summarized in two pivotal points: (i) the scientific production of articles concerning gender in the tourism sector in the MENA region is still inadequate and does not correspond to the current international and regional interest in achieving gender equality; (ii) among all the MENA region countries, Egypt, Jordan, Israel, and Oman were the most countries that have paid attention to gender in the the tourism articles.

The Greener Side of Polyoxometalate: As an Efficient Photocatalyst for Degradation of Phenol from Contaminated Water Source

The increasing amount of hazardous micro-pollutants in the aqueous environment has recently become a concern, especially because they are not usually included in environmental monitoring programs. Phenolic compounds, the most common toxic environmental pollutants, discharged as waste water from many industries are required to be removed. Usually phenolic wastes are treated by physicochemical methods like adsorption, reverse osmosis, electrolytic oxidation, and bioremediation. These methods are impractical due to high costs and the production of other toxic end products, e.g. conversion of phenol into chlorophenol when chlorination is used. Among various techniques available for removing phenol, biological treatment has been proved to be very effective. Again biological degradation usually takes longer time. Investigation of alternative economically viable pathways is the prime objective of our research work. Here we have examined the photocatalytic degradation of phenol from laboratory samples and petrochemical industries waste water under UV radiation by using nanoparticles of titanium dioxide embedded in polyoxometalates (POM). In this article, Lacunary Keggin heteropolyoxometalate H4[PVMo11O40] supported on TiO2 nanoparticles was prepared by the solvothermal method. Characteristics of nano particles studded Keggin structure in the nano composites were confirmed by FT-IR and XRD analyses. The detailed information of POM-decorated nanoparticles is obtained by the combined use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM &TEM) along with thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The photocatalytic activity of prepared H4 [PVMo11O40] / TiO2 for degradation of phenol under UV light was investigated using H2O2 as an oxidant. The results indicated that synthesized nano photocatalyst could be considered as an effective economic tool in the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions in future.

Macroeconomic Activity and Role of Zaka in Achieving Economic Stability (Aggregate Supply and Economic Variable): الزكاة والنشاط الاقتصادي الكلي ودورهما في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي (العرض الكلي والمتغيرات الاقتصادية)

The duty of Zaka is one of the important financial resources of the Islamic state, it is also an effective tool to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality between society members. As it guarantees a regular flow of funds every year which is spent in specified channels. The obligation of Zaka has a crucial role in economic recovery because of three main factors, which prohibit hoarding, promoting investment, and encourage spending.so that is why the duty of Zaka is accomodate with economics principles. This research aims to clarify and show the economic impact of Zaka fund development through theoretical, mathematical, and graphical analysis on macroeconomics variables which is related to Aggregate Supply. Researcher used theoretical, mathematical, graphical approaches for explanation economic variables. and used deductive approach through shows the effect of zakat on the aggregate supply. researcher concludes that the duty of Zaka is an effective economic tool, and its impact on the economy is cumulative, so it is considered one of the injection elements in the Islamic economy by preventing leakage, through prohibit hoarding, that’s why it has a positive impact on the supply of human and capital resources. The researcher recommends to work on promoting the revival of Zaka, and the Zakat should be compulsory not voluntary through laws and regulations.

Теоретические подходы к обеспечению эффективного взаимодействия государственных и негосударственных медицинских учреждений в формате государственно-частного партнерства.

Expanding the sphere of interaction between the state and the medical business is one of the priorities for the development of the medical services market in the Russian Federation. The healthcare reform, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, digital healthcare, and high medical technologies, is primarily aimed at improving the quality of medical services and the availability of highly qualified medical care for all segments of the population. Accessibility, quality and timeliness of medical care are the main postulates of the daily activities of a private medical institution. during the period of increasing crisis phenomena in the economy and social sphere, private medicine can provide significant assistance to the state health service, become the “lifesaver” for the domestic health protection system, which today is mostly represented by the public sector. One of the most effective mechanisms of interaction between the state and private business, adopted all over the world, is the system of public-private partnership. The purpose of the study is to analyze possible forms and mechanisms of interaction between the medical business and the state within the framework of public-private partnership. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . The assessment of the current regulatory framework was carried out, a significant volume of domestic and foreign literary publications was analyzed, the main theoretical hypothesis was formulated on the basis of the systematic scientific method and a research plan was built. R e s u l t s . In the course of the conducted research, objective main cause-and-effect factors affecting the development of an adequate system of public-private partnership in the field of medicine and healthcare have been identified and analyzed, in terms of the distribution of benefits, costs and risks carried out on the principles of long-term, voluntary, manageability, legal validity between a private medical organization and federal and/or municipal executive authorities. The main causal factors include insufficient funding, an unfavorable demographic situation, low efficiency of using the resource base, a reduction in the bed fund under the guise of “optimization”, a decrease in the social level of the population and the redistribution of the medical and diagnostic structure due to the COVID‑19 infection pandemic. It should be recognized that the state system of medical care is not always able to fully meet the needs of societies for high-quality qualified medical care. The analysis of foreign literature has shown that medical services abroad successfully use the principle of public-private partnership, redistributing efforts to form the necessary institutional environment in healthcare between private business and the state. Such a form of interaction as concession, leasing, franchise, outsourcing, aufstaffing allows us to optimally balance the interests of the medical business and public health, significantly optimize the budget costs for health protection, especially in a difficult epidemiological period. The result of the research was the development of a conceptual and theoretical model of various forms of interaction between private medical business and government agencies within the framework of public-private partnership programs. C o n c l u s i o n s . Thus, public-private partnership is an effective economic tool that ensures the coincidence of the interests of private medical business and the state, allowing to make a profit for both subjects of medical activity, with a reduction in state budget expenditures for healthcare purposes, but with the preservation of high quality medical services and resource provision.

The impact of tourism arrivals, tourism receipts and renewable energy consumption on quality of life: A panel study of Southern African region

Improving wellbeing and livelihoods exemplify the third Sustainable Development Goal. Literature related to the tourism-renewable energy-quality of life nexus is limited and lacks consensus. This study contributes to the debate and examines the influence of international tourism arrival (TA), real international tourism receipts (TR), and renewable energy consumption (REC) on quality of life (QoL) by using a panel of 8 Southern African countries spanning 1995–2017. The results found a significant positive and long-run relationship between TA, TR, and QoL. A significant negative effect was found between REC, trade openness (TO), and QoL while urbanization (Urb) had an insignificant negative impact on QoL. A unidirectional causal relationship was found running from QoL to TR and bidirectional causality between QoL and REC. Feedback causality was found between QoL and Urb and unidirectional causality from QoL to TO. The results imply that tourism is an effective economic tool for improving human development in Southern Africa.

Destination Branding as an Effective Economic Tool for Increasing Awareness: Czech Republic Case Study

Destination Branding as an Effective Economic Tool for Increasing Awareness: Czech Republic Case Study

Collaboration in an entrepreneurial cluster: a study of an urban coop

Purpose Entrepreneurial clusters are viewed by academics, practitioners and policy makers as effective economic tools, associated with new business opportunities and innovation potential. Currently, the advancing cluster discussion is concerned with exploring the interplay and interdependence between cluster members, with collaboration increasingly taking centre stage. Despite this, however, the actual nature of collaboration is not fully understood. This study aims to explore collaboration, examining the underlying aspects of cooperative exchange, relationship-building and trust, and networking and knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach The methodological design is qualitative, utilising a series of semi-structured interviews with a cohort of cluster members, operating in an urban cooperative. Findings A shared purpose, underpinned by commonly supported value systems, is crucial in the formation of trust-based relationships. Competitive rivalry did not negatively influence motivation for collaboration. Instead, it is superseded by trust-based relationships, which facilitate information flow, acting as an enabler for collaboration. Collaboration, in pursuit of mutually beneficial goals, without fear of opportunism, is enacted through the formation of a number of, and different relationships, dependent on individual goals and/or stage of business development. Informal, rather than formal, relationships are built on respect and unspoken agreements, rather than on written formal contracts. Many “untraded” interdependencies lead to a stable networked cluster environment. Originality/value This empirical study contributes to and advances entrepreneurial cluster literature providing a deeper understanding for academics and policy makers of the interplay between cooperative exchange, relationship-building and trust and networking and knowledge sharing.

A cost–benefit analysis of the environmental taxation policy in China: A frontier analysis‐based environmentally extended input–output optimization method

AbstractChina's high‐speed economic development and reliance on overconsumption of natural resources have led to serious environmental pollution. Environmental taxation is seen as an effective economic tool to help mitigate air pollution. In order to assess the effects of different scenarios of environmental taxation policies, we propose a frontier‐based environmentally extended input–output optimization model with explicit emission abatement sectors to reflect the inputs and benefits of abatement. Frontier analysis ensures policy scenarios are assessed under the same technical efficiency benchmark, while input–output analysis depicts the wide range of economic transactions among sectors of an economy. Four scenarios are considered in this study, which are increasing specific tax rates of SO2, NOx, and soot and dust separately and increasing all three tax rates simultaneously. Our estimation results show that: raising tax rates of SO2, NOx, and soot and dust simultaneously would have the highest emission reduction effects, with the SO2 tax rate making the greatest contribution to emission reduction. Raising the soot and dust tax rate is the most environmentally friendly strategy due to its highest abatement to welfare through avoided health costs. The combination of frontier analysis and input–output analysis provides policy makers a comprehensive and sectoral approach to assess costs and benefits of environmental taxation.

Influencing factors and fluctuation characteristics of China’s carbon emission trading price

The environmental deterioration and resulting climate change have become one of the major challenges that human has faced in recent years. Carbon emission trading, as an effective economic tool to deal with climate change issues, has attracted widespread attention. As a major carbon emitter, China plays an important role in combating global climate change. Based on the carbon emission trading price data of China’s Hubei Emission Exchange, a Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR)-Vector Error Correction (VEC) model is first used to investigate the dynamic relationship between energy price, macroeconomic indicators, air quality, and carbon emission trading price. The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between carbon emission trading price and these indicators. When the carbon emission price is too high and deviates from the long-term equilibrium value, it will slowly decline to reach the long-term equilibrium value. The price of carbon emission trading is largely affected by macroeconomic indicators among all these influencing factors. In addition, a Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is used to explore the fluctuation characteristics of China’s carbon emission trading price. It is found that the return series of carbon emission price are consistent with the characteristics of financial time series, such as fluctuation aggregates, spikes and thick tails, and non-normal distribution. There is a positive leverage effect for the fluctuation of China’s carbon emission price. It is further found that external bad news has a greater impact on the fluctuation of China’s carbon emission trading price than good news.

Sin tax as a public health tool – strengths and weaknesses of this economic solution

The aim of the paper is to present in a synthetic way the sin tax tool, the mechanisms of its functioning, challenges related to the tool and examples of the application of this tax in selected countries. In accordance with Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System guidelines, a review of literature in the PubMed and Cochrane scientific databases was conducted on the basis of search searches. They searched grey literature and institutional documents of health organizations and legal acts of selected countries that introduced sin tax in the period since 2005. Sin tax is a public health tax that aims to reduce the negative health attitudes of the population through the use of a price regulation mechanism. In order to prepare an effective economic tool, it is important to model it properly. Today, 35 countries around the world have introduced an additional tax on tobacco products, which is wholly or partly used for health care. In 9 countries, targeted taxes have been introduced on a component whose excessive consumption adversely affects health (sugar, salt, fats). Sin tax is a tool that, if properly implemented, can contribute to changing consumer behaviour and thus have a positive impact on the health of the population. It should be remembered that decisions taken at the central level, especially those concerning the introduction of new taxes, should be supported by reliable analyses. Although sin tax is undoubtedly an effective and increasingly widely used tool, it is not free from defects. One of its major drawbacks is its regressive character and potential negative social perception.

An Empirical Analysis of Carbon Emission Price in China

Carbon emission trading, as an effective economic tool to deal with climate change issues, has received widespread attention in recent years. As a major carbon emitter, China plays an important role in global climate change. This paper uses the Vector Error Correction (VEC) model to explore the dynamic relationship between energy price, macroeconomic indicators, air quality, and carbon emission trading price. The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between these selected indicators and carbon emission trading price. In addition, this paper also uses the Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to analyze the carbon price fluctuation characteristics. It is found that there is a positive leverage effect on the price fluctuation of the selected carbon emission return series. External bad news will have a greater impact on carbon price fluctuation than good news.

Taxes for health: evidence clears the air

Taxes for health: evidence clears the air

Using the Green Infrastructure as an Economic Sustainable Tool for Improving Urban Life in Emerging Countries Urban Poverty Areas Greater Cairo Case Study

Through the last decades rapid urbanization in the emerging countries was producing bad urban quality. This urbanization of poverty is responsible of the phenomenon of the current spreading of slums in those countries main cities, Yet the common urban solutions for improving the urban life in those areas always require a high-cost budget which usually surpassing the financial ability of the local governments. The study main objective is to evaluate the possibility of using the Green Infrastructure as an economic sustainable tool for improving the urban life in urban poverty areas of emerging countries. An analytical study was done based on the case of Greater Cairo city informal areas as urban poverty areas. The study has clarified how the elements of the Green Infrastructure could be used as an effective economic and sustainable tool through its environmental, urban, and social roles, for the improvement of urban poverty areas in the emerging countries main cities, Also has shown that the Green Infrastructure depends on available local natural elements, local experts experience and the most important. Its affordable cost, which make it an effective economic tool. Key Words: Green Infrastructure, Economic Sustainability, Emerging Countries

ВЛИЯНИЕ СПОСОБА ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЛИТЬЯ И ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ПРОЦЕССА НА ЦЕНООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

The article provides for a comprehensive study of price systems and methods for their justification for foundry products, as well as the development of methodological principles for restructuring pricing in this industry as an effective economic tool to improve the efficiency and quality of production. Using the theory of fuzzy sets, a scheme of the technological process has been developed, taking into account the factors affecting the cost of casting. An example of the formation of a competence matrix based on the requirements of fuzzy logic is shown, which defines a system of logical statements. An expert evaluation of combinations of values of input variables has been carried out.