Theory Of Effect Research Articles

Application of Communication Effectiveness Theory to Fitness Bloggers' Social Media Communication - A Study of Audience Changes in Health Perceptions and Behaviour

With the popularity of social media, fitness bloggers have become important figures in the dissemination of health information. Based on communication effect theory, this paper investigates the influence of fitness bloggers on audience health perception and behaviour on social media. By analyzing the origin and development of communication effects theory, its main schools and key concepts, and its evolution in the new media environment, the study explores the interactivity and fragmentation of social media communication, the role and influence of fitness bloggers, and the match between platforms and fitness content. It is found that fitness bloggers effectively enhance their audience's health perceptions, stimulate positive health attitudes, and motivate changes in health behaviours through personalized and interactive content design. In particular, the bloggers' long-term interactions and incentives had a significant impact on the sustained change of audience behaviour. In addition, the interactive model of communication effects and audience behaviour change reveals the dynamic relationship among perception, attitude and behaviour. Although this study provides valuable insights into the communication effects of fitness bloggers, it still suffers from a limited sample scope and insufficient data support. Future research should expand the sample scope and incorporate more interdisciplinary theories to further validate and optimize fitness bloggers' information dissemination strategies.

Fatigue of SFRC in compression: Size effect & autogenous self-healing

This review synthesizes prior research on size effect and autogenous self-healing in steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) under compressive fatigue. It explores the fatigue behavior of SFRC, focusing on fiber reinforcement’s role in post-cracking toughness, crack propagation, and fatigue endurance. The review demonstrates that larger SFRC specimens have reduced fatigue lives, attributed to increased elastic energy driving microcrack growth, aligning with classical size effect theory. Additionally, it highlights autogenous self-healing, where fatigue-induced microcracks release occluded water, promoting rehydration and calcium carbonate precipitation, which enhances residual strength. The interaction between size effect, fiber content, and self-healing is examined, offering insights into improving SFRC’s durability under cyclic loading. These findings have practical implications for designing SFRC structures subjected to compressive fatigue, such as wind turbine towers and railway slabs.

The irony of prestige: Status-seeking as rational choice

Status Symbols in World Politics reflects the established status of status research in International Relations (IR). The initial wave of studies of status generated enough theory and evidence of consequential status effects to sustain a major research program. The lens then widened to encompass status-seeking among non-great powers. With the potential importance of status established as a candidate explanation for the behavior and great and small powers alike, this special issue takes the status motivation for granted and zeroes in on the things/practices/acts that actors think generate, sustain, and signal status. The deep interpretive dive into small-s status politics presented here raises intriguing questions even for those scholars still wedded to a positivist great power agenda. Three payoffs stand out: First, status-seeking via the acquisition of status symbols can be a rational choice. Second, the collection suggests the importance of clarifying types of status symbols as well as a rough and ready method for doing so—an argument I seek to flesh out through an examination of the emerging aircraft carrier race. Third, many other important questions for further inquiry emerge, questions I doubt would have come to the fore but for the efforts of Beaumuont, Røren, and their collaborators.

US sanctions and the reshaping of Chinese innovation strategies

PurposeAs the China–US trade tensions escalate, the implementation of US sanctions has imposed severe restrictions on the innovation resources of Chinese firms. This study introduces the theory of peer effect to investigate whether US sanctions stimulate a homogenization of innovation strategies among Chinese companies in the same industry, thereby giving rise to an innovation peer effect.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes a sample of 4,078 A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2021 and employs a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model for analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate that US sanctions significantly stimulate innovation inputs among companies in the same industry, but concurrently, they suppress innovation outputs. Moreover, a higher degree of internationalization weakens the promotion of innovation inputs by US sanctions and amplifies the inhibitory effect on innovation outputs. A high proportion of long-term loans offsets the negative impact on innovation outputs, whereas a high proportion of short-term loans diminishes the positive impact on innovation inputs.Research limitations/implicationsThis study elucidates how external shocks impact companies’ innovation capabilities within the same industry, offering a fresh perspective on understanding the influence of China–US trade tensions on innovation among Chinese firms.Practical implicationsChinese firms should view US sanctions-induced technological challenges as opportunities, fostering breakthrough innovations through industry-academia collaboration. Balancing risk and reward is also key when navigating technological innovation and global strategies.Originality/valueThis study comprehensively reflects the impact of the US sanctions on Chinese firm innovation. It lays the foundation for analyzing the transmission mechanism of other trade policies under the framework of trade friction theory.

Equivalence of semiclassical and response theories for second-order nonlinear ac Hall effects

Equivalence of semiclassical and response theories for second-order nonlinear ac Hall effects

Engaging with Second Chances: How Familiarity, Stigma, and Media Exposure Shape Public Attitudes towards Ex-Prisoner-Focused Social Enterprises

Social enterprises provide an effective method for tackling various social problems, including ex-prisoners in the domains of rehabilitation, reintegration, and the reduction of repeat offenses. While this business model is prevalent in other countries, it remains uncommon in Malaysia. This study aims to uncover the issue from the public perspective. Specifically, the objective of this study is to investigate the effects of familiarity with social enterprise models, stigmatization, and incidental news exposure on public attitudes towards ex-prisoner-focused social enterprise. Underpinned by Mere Exposure Effect Theory, Social Identity Theory, and Media Framing Theory, five hypotheses were developed and tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling on 139 cases. Results showed that familiarity with social enterprise models, stigmatization, and incidental news exposure significantly predict attitudes towards ex-prisoner-focused social enterprise. However, the moderation role of familiarity with social enterprise models was not supported for the relationship between incidental news exposure and attitudes towards ex-prisoner-focused social enterprise, and when it interacts with stigmatization. These findings contribute to the understanding of how media exposure, social stigmatization, and personal familiarity shape public perceptions of social enterprises that focus on ex-prisoner rehabilitation. The study highlights the need for targeted strategies to reduce stigmatization and leverage incidental media exposure to foster more supportive attitudes towards social enterprises that assist ex-prisoners.

Eliot’s Scientific Modernism: Newton, Einstein, and Adam Bede

Abstract This exploratory article argues that Eliot uses figurative language to embody her knowledge of theoretical physics by poetically infusing plot structure with moral meaning in Adam Bede, which contains a unified vision of characters, societal milieu, and astrophysical environment. The article’s interpretive analysis demonstrates the influence of Newton’s and, by implication, Einstein’s theoretical physics in Adam Bede’s text, which links characters to their natural environment, analogically identifying them with sun, moon, and Earth. Adam Bede’s key chapters highlight metaphorical solar-lunar imagery inspired by Newton’s laws of motion in the solar system, and amenable to comparisons with Einstein’s empirical photoelectric effect and relativity theory. Blinded by ignorance and arrogance, lunar Hetty and solar Arthur fall into a prolonged collision that violates societal norms personified in earthy Adam. The feminist social conscience of Eliot outpaces Lewes, who advised her to relegate sexually exploited Hetty to a short story, urging her to make mercurial evangelistic Dinah the novel’s female protagonist. Commensurate with Adam Bede’s analogical Newtonian character depiction, Eliot shows narratological inventiveness consistent with her knowledge of mathematics and hard sciences, amalgamating omniscient Newtonian narration interspersed with Einsteinian terse asides, indirect discourse, and avant-garde stream-of-consciousness technique.

Thermopower modulation analyses of effective channel thickness for Zn-incorporated In2O3-based thin-film transistors

Abstract Zn-incorporated In2O3 (IZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) show high field-effect mobility (µFE ~40 cm2 V−1 s−1) when the IZO channel is amorphous, whereas a lower µFE (~10 cm2 V−1 s−1) is observed with polycrystalline channel. The reasons behind this difference in µFE remain unclear despite various studies on IZO TFTs. Here, we perform electric field thermopower modulation analysis on amorphous and polycrystalline IZO TFTs to measure the change in effective thickness. For amorphous channel, the effective thickness was zero when the effective gate voltage (Vg−Vth, Vg: gate voltage, Vth: threshold voltage) was zero. Furthermore, it gradually increased with Vg−Vth up to 1.6 nm, reflecting that conduction band bending occurred. By contrast, polycrystalline channel showed an initial effective thickness of 5 nm (≈ film thickness of IZO) and sharply decreased to ~1.7 nm. In amorphous channels, electron transport followed field effect theory, while factors like grain boundaries limited transport in polycrystalline channels.

Press under Pressure: Framing of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict in the Slovak Press,

Theories of media effects represent a key area of research within media and communication studies that deals with the way media contents influence the cognitive, affective and behavioural responses of individuals, as well as their wider social and cultural impacts on society. Fundamental theories include agenda-setting, framing and priming. These theories provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the powerful effects of the media on the formation of public opinion, social norms, and political processes, emphasising the critical importance of readers’ media literacy. The present study primarily focuses on framing. It represents a key concept in the field of communication and media studies, which describes how the way information is presented can influence an audience’s perception and decision-making. This article examines different dimensions of framing, including its use in print media informing about the ongoing war in Ukraine, and analyses to what extent framing can be considered a manipulative tool. Through the analysis of media theory in this area and Slovak print media, this article provides certain insight on framing as a phenomenon that plays a fundamental role in the formation of public opinion and explores its potential linguistic and ethical implications. In conclusion, the author proposes concepts that could help minimise the risk of the manipulative use of framing.

ON THE MECHANISM OF ICE MELTING

Based on the theory of the Jahn-Teller effect (JTE), a model of a possible mechanism of ice melting is proposed. The increase in the heat capacity of ice near 0 ⁰C by 1.5 times, compared with the Dulong and Petit law, suggests that the initial excitation of rotational vibrational modes of water molecules occurs in it. First, the excitation of the rotational low-frequency mode occurs, then the excitation of the intermediate mode. The effect of mode coupling and instability of rotational modes of molecule vibrations at an intermediate rotational frequency is associated with the presence of a connection between all low-frequency and high-frequency rotational modes of the molecule through the Euler equations. Therefore, excitation of the intermediate frequency in ice leads to the possibility of excitation of all rotational vibrational modes, which occurs in it at a temperature of 0 ⁰C after it receives the heat of fusion. Excitation of rotational vibrational modes leads to the emergence of possibilities for the addition of vibrational modes and their synchronization. The increase in the amplitude of rotational oscillations, the convergence of the frequencies of their oscillation modes and their subsequent synchronization leads to the appearance of rotations of hydrogen atoms of a water molecule around their axes of intermolecular bonds, to a stable bending of hydrogen bonds and their subsequent weakening in water. As a result of this weakening of the bond forces, we have a decrease in the rotational frequencies of oscillations for water molecules and their local charges. As a result of this decrease in frequencies, oscillations of local charges of water molecules become less radiating and less damped. Therefore, in the liquid phase of water, these rotational oscillation modes become new undamped independent oscillation modes of its molecules. The appearance of new oscillation modes in molecules leads to a doubling of the heat capacity of water compared to ice. Excitation of all three of its rotational oscillation modes during melting of ice leads to the appearance of an anomalously large value of the heat of fusion.

Repurchase Intention in Mobile Augmented Reality Apps: Insights Through the Lenses of Theory of Interactive Media Effects

The research examines the factors influencing repurchase intention (RPI) of Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) eyewear apps. The influence of media characteristics including perceived interactivity (PRI) and perceived augmentation (PAGM) on customer experience (CUSEXP) and RPI using the Theory of Interactive Media Effects (TIME) has been investigated. Research examined mediation of CUSEXP in PRI-RPI and PAGM-RPI as well as moderation of perceived risk (PR) in PAGM and CUSEXP relationship. The data was collected from 406 respondents using purposive sampling. The findings are: a) PRI and PAGM have a significant influence on RPI. b) PRI and PAGM have an influence on the CUSEXP. c) CUSEXP has a significant effect on RPI. d) PR acts as a moderator and it dampens the positive relationship between PAGM and CUSEXP. e) CUSEXP mediates the PRI-RPI and PAGM-RPI relationship. The mediation of CUSEXP in AR media characteristics and RPI relationship as well as the moderation of PR in PAGM and CUSEXP relationship is the novel contribution.

Surface Magnetic Stabilization and the Photoemission Chiral-Induced Spin-Selectivity Effect.

The spinterface mechanism was suggested as a possible origin for the chirality-induced spin-selectivity (CISS) effect and was used to explain and reproduce, with remarkable accuracy, experimental data from transport experiments showing the CISS effect. Here, we apply the spinterface mechanism to explain the appearance of magnetization at the interface between nonmagnetic metals and chiral molecules, through the stabilization of otherwise fluctuating magnetic moments. We show that the stabilization of surface magnetic moments occurs for a wide range of realistic parameters and is robust against dephasing. Importantly, we show that the direction of the surface magnetic moments is determined by the chiral axis of the chiral molecules. Armed with the concept of stable surface magnetic moments, we then formulated a theory for the photoemission CISS effect. The theory, based on spin-dependent scattering, leads to direct predictions regarding the relation between the photoemission CISS effect, the chiral axis direction, the spinterface "size", and the tilt angle of the detector with respect to the surface. These predictions are within reach of current experimental capabilities and may shed new light on the origin of the CISS effect.

Has the carbon emission trading scheme induced investment leakage in China? Firm-level evidence from China's stock market

This study investigates the causal relationship between the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) and investment leakage in China, using firm-level subsidiary data for 4480 A-share listed companies with the Two-Way Fixed Effects (TWFE) Difference-in-Differences (DID) method under staggered treatment adoption. The results indicate that the ETS has significantly induced regulated firms to increase the share of investment in the non-pilot area by 2.5 %, and the number of subsidiaries in the non-pilot by 2.035, suggesting that the policy has caused investment leakage. The rising operating cost due to ETS compliance may explain why regulated firms expand their outward investment. Furthermore, regulation intensity and social responsibility moderate the investment leakage effect. This study provides the first direct empirical evidence on the domestic investment leakage associated with the gradual ETS rollout in China and enriches the theory of the pollution haven effect by illuminating how the policy drives investment from the pilot area towards the non-pilot area.

Enhancing Malaysia’s Halal Brand Identity: Insights and Strategies for Sustainable Global Halal Hub

Halal branding has become an essential strategy for businesses to cater to the needs of Muslim consumers and tap into a rapidly growing market. Malaysia has positioned itself as a global halal hub, attracting Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) food manufacturers and becoming a trusted source of halal products and services. However, developing a distinct Malaysia’s halal brand identity remains a challenge. This article explores the importance of developing a strong halal brand identity for the sustainability of Malaysia as a global halal hub. The study conducted in-depth interviews with eight identified respondents who were either chief executive officers, presidents of participating companies, or partners and directors of various government agencies at local and international branches. The study discusses successful halal brand identity campaigns undertaken by major global and regional brands, focusing on promoting halal values, ethical practices, and the benefits of halal products. To develop a strong halal brand identity, comprehensive marketing and communication strategies are recommended, utilising the effects theory to craft effective digital marketing strategies that resonate with Muslim consumers and promote ethical consumption.

The Impact of Character Creation and Customization on Self-Expression and Identity in RPGs

While a large of research investigates the importance of character creation and customization in role-playing games (RPGs) on players’ motivation and enjoyment to play, little is known about the impact of character creation and customization on players’ self-expression and identity exploration. Video games have been a venue for both developers and gamers to explore complex stories and ideas. Role-playing games (RPGs) are a type of video game in which players can take the role of a character in a fictional setting and interact with the game’s narrative. This paper is part of a larger research on the construction of individual identities using RPG character creation and customization. Building upon existing research on identity adaptation theory, queer theory, the proteus effect theory, and the performance of identity, this paper finds that players’ choices of character creation and customization contribute to opportunities for self-expression and individual agency. This paper also examines the character Creation and Customization preferences among different demographic groups and the association between in-game identity and real-life self-perception and social behaviors of players.

Optimizing Wide Band Gap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cell Performance: Investigating the Impact of "Cliff" and "Spike" Heterostructures.

In recent years, the efficiency of high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells has been significantly improved, particularly for narrow-gap types. One of the key reasons for the enhancement of narrow-gap device performance is the formation of the "Spike" structure at the CdS/CIGS heterojunction interface. Wide-gap CIGS solar cells excel in modular production but lag behind in efficiency compared to narrow-gap cells. Some studies suggest that the "Cliff" structure at the heterojunction of wide-gap CIGS solar cells may be one of the factors contributing to this decreased efficiency. This paper utilizes the SCAPS software, grounded in the theories of semiconductor physics and photovoltaic effects, to conduct an in-depth analysis of the impact of "Cliff" and "Spike" heterojunction structures on the performance of wide band gap CIGS solar cells through numerical simulation methods. The aim is to verify whether the "Spike" structure is also advantageous for enhancing wide-gap CIGS device performance. The simulation results show that the "Spike" structure is beneficial for reducing interfacial recombination, thereby enhancing the VOC of wide-gap cells. However, an electronic transport barrier may form at the heterojunction interface, resulting in a decrease in JSC and FF, which subsequently reduces device efficiency. The optimal heterojunction structure should exhibit a reduced "Cliff" degree, which can facilitate the reduction of interfacial recombination while simultaneously preventing the formation of an electronic barrier, ultimately enhancing both VOC and device performance.

The Peer Effects of Residents’ Carbon Emission Behavior: An Empirical Analysis in China

The responsible low-carbon behavior of household residents is a crucial factor for the purpose of achieving carbon neutrality in the economy and society. Based on the peer effects theory, this study constructs a fixed-effects model to empirically analyze the existence, heterogeneity, and action mechanism of peer effects in household carbon emission behavior, which uses panel data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS). The results indicate that peer effects have a significantly positive impact on residents’ carbon emission behavior, and the results are verified by the robustness test in various ways. Further mechanism tests show that peer effects influence carbon emission behavior through methods including the learning imitation mechanism and competitive imitation mechanism. In addition, we find that peer effects have different impacts on residents’ carbon emission behavior in varying regions, income levels, education levels, and ages groups. This study aims to embed residents’ carbon emission behavior into the strong relationship between surrounding groups, raise consumers low-carbon awareness through publicity, guidance, and group interaction, form a low-carbon atmosphere for the whole society, and contribute to the realization of Sustainable Development Goals.

How life circumstances during public health crises affect people to share and correct misinformation: a perspective of the third-person effect.

Misinformation spreading on social media often parallels public crises, such as the outbreak of COVID-19, because people's behaviors regarding misinformation may be influenced by their typical life circumstances. With the increasing severity of living conditions, misinformation is believed to spread more widely, while corrective behaviors tend to decrease. Furthermore, social comparison also affects the perception of life circumstances and subsequent behaviors. Taking Shanghai's COVID-19 lockdown as an example, this study examined whether two representative factors-the duration of the lockdown and the satisfaction with relief measures-affected people's tendency to share and correct misinformation. By employing the third-person effect (TPE) theory, the underlying mechanisms of social comparison were also explored. An online survey was conducted in April 2022, when the Zero-COVID policy was implemented in Shanghai. In addition to questions about life circumstances, a third-person perception scale, a behaviors of sharing misinformation scale, and a behaviors of correcting misinformation scale were included in the survey. Finally, 7,962 valid responses were collected. It was found that both behaviors-sharing and correcting misinformation-were affected by life circumstances but in different ways. The evidence also supported the existence of third-person perception (TPP). It was observed that the relationship between satisfaction with relief measures and sharing behavior was mediated by Third-Person Perception. This study reveals that the proliferation of misinformation during crises is related to the deterioration of people's perception of life circumstances. Social comparison often plays a significant role, as was reflected by the TPE.

Subjective Income Inequality and Happiness: A Case study of Pakistan

This study measures the relationship between subjective income inequality, happiness, and other factors in Pakistan. This study is the first of its kind in Pakistan, where it has determined the relationship between subjective income inequality and happiness. The data was taken from the World Values Survey database, where data of wave 7, i.e., 2018 for Pakistan, was chosen from 2017-2021. The sample size consisted of 1399 individuals. The theories that supported the results were the Tunnel Effect Theory and Multiple Discrepancy Theory. The Ordinal Probit Model was used due to the categorical nature of dependent and explanatory variables. The study at hand encompasses multiple independent variables such as health, gender, age, social class (subjective), satisfaction with the financial situation of the household, income inequality vs large income difference, and income level whereas happiness is the dependent variable. Findings revealed that Subjective income inequality (p<0.10), social class (p<0.10), and satisfaction with financial household condition (p<0.05) significantly affect individual happiness. However, objective income (p>0.10), gender (p<0.05), and age (p>0.05) do not have a significant impact on happiness. These findings support our stated hypotheses. Multiple discrepancy theory proved significant as objective income did not affect happiness, whereas subjective income did. Health, which is subjective did not affect happiness as well. Hence, it recommended that individuals must not measure their income subjectively as it would lower their happiness, it must instead be determined objectively.

Consumer Attitudes Towards GenAI Advertisements

This research focuses on the attitudes of potential consumers towards generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) advertisements, employing a multi-experimental approach based on engagement to shed light on how e-marketers should leverage novel technological tools in the age of human-AI co-creation to enhance brand favorability. The experimental findings indicate the continued adaptiveness of concepts such as in-group bias, IKEA effect, and social identity theory in the GenAI era, demonstrating that (a) consumers' awareness of AI authorship (b) their level of participation in the co-creative process and (c) their perceived authenticity, significantly influence their attitudes. This study expands the boundaries of theories previously confined to human populations and provides pioneering practical guidance for AI co-creation in the realm of electronic commerce.