Effect Of Zinc Oxide Research Articles

Effect Of Zinc Oxide and Selenium Nanoparticles on Milk Production Efficiency and Related Gene Expression in Egyptian Baladi Goats

Effect Of Zinc Oxide and Selenium Nanoparticles on Milk Production Efficiency and Related Gene Expression in Egyptian Baladi Goats

Effect of zinc oxide on synthesis of magnesium potassium phosphate cement

Magnesium potassium phosphate cements (MKPCs) have been developed for the rapid repair of civil engineering structures and the solidification of hazardous waste. However, the rapid curing and high heat of hydration of MKPCs pose challenges in bulk production. To address this problem, the use of zinc oxide as a novel retarder for MKPC synthesis was investigated. Compared with conventional retarders like boric acid, zinc oxide was found to delay the initial hydration of MKPCs significantly, although its effect diminishes over time. The addition of zinc oxide accelerated the dehydration of MgHPO4.7H2O to MgHPO4.3H2O. It is likely that Zn2+ ions inhibit the dissolution of magnesium oxide by surface adsorption or dehydration of Mg(H2O)62+. Using zinc oxide as a retarder provides sufficient mixing time, making it advantageous for practical applications where a controlled setting time is crucial.

Effects of Zinc Oxide and Zinc–Silica-Based Nanofertilizers with Yeasts on Selected Components of Soybean in the Central European Agronomic Region: A Short-Term Study

Effects of Zinc Oxide and Zinc–Silica-Based Nanofertilizers with Yeasts on Selected Components of Soybean in the Central European Agronomic Region: A Short-Term Study

The effect of zinc oxide in treatment and skin care

The effect of zinc oxide in treatment and skin care

Doping zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles with gold induces additional oxidative stress, membrane damage, and neurotoxicity in Mytilus galloprovincialis: Results from a laboratory bioassay

BackgroundWhile previous studies have provided insights into the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) on aquatic organisms, there is still a substantial amount of information lacking about the possible effects of their doped counterparts. The goal of the current work was to address this gap by examining Mytilus galloprovincialis reaction to exposure to doped and undoped nanoparticles. MethodsTwo concentrations (50 or 100 µg/L) of undoped ZnO and TiO2 NPs, as well as their gold (Au) doped counterparts, were applied on mussels for 14 days, and the effects on biomarkers activities in digestive glands and gills were assessed by spectrophotometry. ResultsThe NPs were quasi-spherical in shape (below 100 nm), stable in seawater, and with no aggregation for both doped and undoped forms. Analytical results using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy indicated the uptake of NPs in mussels. Furthermore, it was found that biometal dyshomeostasis could occur following NP treatment and that doping the NPs aggravated this response. At the biochemical level, exposure to undoped NPs caused membrane damage, neurotoxic effect, and changes in the activities in the gills and digestive glands of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase, in a concentration and organ-dependent manner. ConclusionDoping ZnO NPs and TiO2NPs with Au induced additional oxidative stress, membrane damage, and neurotoxicity in mussels.

Effect of zinc oxide on the electrochemical properties of micro-arc oxidation coatings in seawater

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of ZnO on the structure and properties of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating on rare earth magnesium alloy under large concentration gradient.Design/methodology/approachThe macroscopic and microscopic morphology, thickness, surface roughness, chemical composition and structure of the coating were characterized by different characterization methods. The corrosion resistance of the film was studied by electrochemical and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. The results show that the addition of ZnO can significantly improve the compactness and corrosion resistance of the MAO coating, but the high concentration of ZnO will cause microcracks, which will reduce the corrosion resistance to a certain extent.FindingsWhen the concentration of zinc oxide is 8 g/L, the compactness and corrosion resistance of the coating are the best, and the thickness of the coating is positively correlated with the concentration of ZnO.Research limitations/implicationsToo high concentration of ZnO reduces the performance of MAO coating.Practical implicationsThe MAO coating prepared by adding ZnO has good corrosion resistance. Combined with organic coatings, it can be applied in corrosive marine environments, such as ship parts and hulls. To a certain extent, it can reduce the economic loss caused by corrosion.Originality/valueThe effect of ZnO on the corrosion resistance of MAO coating in electrolyte solution was studied systematically, and the conclusion was new to the common knowledge.

Effects of Zinc Oxide used as an alternative for Organic Polymer in Single Layer Organic Solar Cells: Simulation Study

Effects of Zinc Oxide used as an alternative for Organic Polymer in Single Layer Organic Solar Cells: Simulation Study

The Effect of Zinc Oxide on DLP Hybrid Composite Manufacturability and Mechanical-Chemical Resistance.

The widespread use of epoxy resin (ER) in industry, owing to its excellent properties, aligns with the global shift toward greener resources and energy-efficient solutions, where utilizing metal oxides in 3D printed polymer parts can offer extended functionalities across various industries. ZnO concentrations in polyurethane acrylate composites impacted adhesion and thickness of DLP samples, with 1 wt.% achieving a thickness of 3.99 ± 0.16 mm, closest to the target thickness of 4 mm, while 0.5 wt.% ZnO samples exhibited the lowest deviation in average thickness (±0.03 mm). Tensile stress in digital light processed (DLP) composites with ZnO remained consistent, ranging from 23.29 MPa (1 wt.%) to 25.93 MPa (0.5 wt.%), with an increase in ZnO concentration causing a reduction in tensile stress to 24.04 MPa and a decrease in the elastic modulus to 2001 MPa at 2 wt.% ZnO. The produced DLP samples, with their good corrosion resistance in alkaline environments, are well-suited for applications as protective coatings on tank walls. Customized DLP techniques can enable their effective use as structural or functional elements, such as in Portland cement concrete walls, floors and ceilings for enhanced durability and performance.

Effect of Zinc Oxide and Copper Sulfate on Antibiotic Resistance Plasmid Transfer in Escherichia coli.

Heavy metals such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) may be associated with antibiotic resistance dissemination. Our aim was to investigate whether sub-lethal dosage of Zn and Cu may enhance plasmid transfer and subsequently resistance genes dissemination. Plasmid conjugation frequencies (PCF) were performed with Escherichia coli strains bearing IncL-blaOXA-48, IncA/C-blaCMY-2, IncI1-blaCTX-M-1, IncF-blaCTX-M-1, and IncX3-blaNDM-5 as donors. Mating-out assays were performed with sub-dosages of zinc oxide (ZnO) and Cu sulfate (CuSO4). Quantification of the SOS response-associated gene expression levels and of the production of reactive oxygen species were determined. Increased PCF was observed for IncL, IncA/C, and IncX3 when treated with ZnO. PCF was only increased for IncL when treated with CuSO4. The ROS production presented an overall positive correlation with PCF after treatment with ZnO for IncL, IncA/C, and IncX3. For CuSO4 treatment, the same was observed only for IncL. No increase was observed for expression of SOS response-associated genes under CuSO4 treatment, and under ZnO treatment, we observed an increase in SOS response-associated genes only for IncX3. Our data showed that sub-dosages of ZnO and CuSO4 could significantly enhance PCF in E. coli, with a more marked effect observed with IncL, IncA/C, and IncX3 scaffolds. Our study suggested that use of certain heavy metals is not the panacea for avoiding use of antibiotics in order to prevent the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.

The Role of TiO2 on ZnAl2O4 Spinel Prepared by Direct Coagulation Casting Method: Physico-mechanical, Optical, Structural and Antimicrobial Properties

This work represents the shaping of alumina–zinc oxide (AZ) samples with the direct coagulation casting method. The effect of zinc oxide (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) and the firing temperatures on the phase composition, microstructure, physical properties, and mechanical properties of the AZ samples were studied. The effect of titanium oxide (2, 5, and 7 wt%) and the firing temperatures on the phase composition, microstructure, physical properties, and mechanical properties of the AZ sample with 40 wt% of zinc oxide were studied. Furthermore, the optical properties, magnetic properties, and antimicrobial activity were measured. The results indicate that the increase in zinc oxide enhances the formation of zinc aluminate, which has a gahnite phase. Moreover, increasing the zinc oxide increases the apparent porosity and decreases the grain size and bulk density at various firing temperatures. On the other hand, the addition of 5 wt% titanium oxide increases the bulk density to 3.5 g/cm3 compared to 1.72 g/cm3 with no titania. The apparent porosity and compressive strength reached 5% and 69.2 MPa after 5 wt% TiO2 addition; respectively, compared to 59% and 27.2 MPa with no titania addition. The prepared samples show promising optical band gap of 2.98–3.97 eV, a mixed magnetic behavior, and favorable antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus strains.

Mechanical properties and water resistance improvement of thermoplastic modified starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, and zinc oxide nanometal particles by reactive blending

Novel biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) with high mechanical properties and water resistance was developed using reactive blending technique. Effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) addition to TPS properties and reaction was investigated. Thermoplastic modified starch (TPMS) was prepared by melt-mixing modified starch with glycerol 70/30%wt/wt. Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) 5%wt was incorporated with modified starch, glycerol, and zinc oxide (ZnO) 0–5 %wt. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of the carboxyl anion (OZn) between the –COO− of CMC and the free Zn+ ion of ZnO. The tensile strength of the TPMS/CMC/ZnO blend increased 7 time with ZnO 5 % (14 MPa) addition compared to TPMS (2 MPa). The color (∆E) of TPMS/CMC/ZnO differed notably at high ZnO concentrations (1–5 %wt). The TPMS/CMC blend displayed a smooth fracture surface due to the miscibility of the materials. Small particles of ZnO dispersed finely in the TPMS matrix and increased the interfacial tension and water contact angle of the blends. The miscibility of TPS with CMC and the occurrence of ionic interactions of –COO− of CMC and –OH of starch with the Zn+ ion as physical crosslinking were indicated to improve the mechanical properties and water resistance of the blends.

Effect of Zinc Oxide on Structural and Optical Properties Borotellurite Glass: Ternary Glass

Effect of Zinc Oxide on Structural and Optical Properties Borotellurite Glass: Ternary Glass

Effect of zinc oxide on corrosion resistance of magnesium ammonium phosphate cement-based coating

In order to improve the anticorrosive performance of magnesium ammonium phosphate cement (MAPC) coating, a small amount of zinc oxide was added to the MAPC coating to modify and coat the surface of Q235 steel. The anti-corrosion resistance and mechanism of MAPC coating modified by zinc oxide were analyzed based on electrochemical test results, and the morphology and composition changes of the coating before and after immersion were observed and tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TG-DTG). Low field nuclear magnetic resonance testing was used to determine the porosity of the coating and the corrosion resistance of the modified coating was tested by a neutral salt spray test. The results show that after immersion in a 3.5% NaCl solution for 28 days, the MAPC coating with 3% (mass fraction) zinc oxide exhibited a corrosion current density of 2.96 × 10-4 μA/cm2 at a corrosion potential of −0.870 V, demonstrating a favorable outcome with a positive shift.; Meanwhile, the 28 days polarization resistance of the modified coating was 97436 Ω∙cm2, which was 78% higher than that of the blank. The shielding performance of the coating was enhanced, and the charge transfer resistance was also significantly improved. The porosity of the modified coating before and after immersion was lower than that of the blank group. After 1440 h of neutral salt spray testing, there was no swelling or peeling on the coating surface, and there was no trace of corrosion on the internal substrate.

The Effect of Zinc Oxide, Copper, and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Green Method for Controlling Strawberry Gray Mold Fungus, B. Cinerea Pers

Gray mold disease, caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, causes heavy losses in strawberries. The use of chemical fungicides due to the dangers for humans and the environment has caused attention to reduce their consumption and use biological methods. In this research, the effects of zinc oxide, copper, and silver nanoparticles have been synthesized from an aqueous extract of cloves, and the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei by the green method was investigated on the gray mold disease of strawberries. The results showed that concentrations of 10% of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extract of cloves can completely control this pathogen on the culture medium and the fruit. Zinc and silver nanoparticles produced by Lactobacillus casei prevented 93.7% and 81% of fungal growth in the culture medium, respectively. Other treatments did not show a good inhibitory effect on the fungus. All treatments were able to prevent 100% to 50% of fungal growth after 96 hours on strawberries. The investigation of the storage characteristics showed the positive effect of the examined nanoparticles on reducing the rate of change of the physicochemical characteristics of the strawberry fruit tissue. Apparent decay was significantly reduced and samples treated with nanoparticles scored higher in sensory evaluation compared to control. Also, investigating the toxicity of nanoparticles in this experiment on the HepG2 cell line showed that Compared to the control, copper and zinc nanoparticles did not have significant toxicity on cells, but silver nanoparticles led to 25% cell death. This research provides promising results in the field of using nanoparticles for pre-harvest and post-harvest control of plant diseases.

Effect of zinc oxide on the mechanical, thermal and physiochemical properties of chitosan-based hybrid membrane for DMFC application

This work uses zinc oxide (ZnO) as a filler to prepare a chitosan-based hybrid membrane. The mechanical, thermal and physiochemical properties of the membranes were studied using different experimental techniques. The water uptake capacity and swelling degree of the composite membranes were increased whereas ion exchange capacity (IEC) decreases with the increase of ZnO content. The ZnO filler reduces the crystalline phase of the hybrid membranes. The hybrid membrane's proton conductivity was measured by EIS experiment and fitted into a comparable circuit model. The ZnO filler improves the membrane's proton conductivity, and the proton transport is controlled by the Grotthus mechanism.

Effects of zinc oxide and condensed tannins on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets in ETEC-challenged environment.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of zine oxide (ZnO) and condensed tannins (CT), independently or in combination, on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC-K88)-challenged environment. Randomly divided 72 weaned piglets into 4 groups. Dietary treatments included the following: basic diet group (CON), 1,500 mg/kg zinc oxide group (ZnO), 1,000 mg/kg condensed tannins group (CT), and 1,500 mg/kg zinc oxide +1,000 mg/kg condensed tannins group (ZnO + CT). Dietary ZnO supplementation decreased diarrhea rate from 0 to 14 days, 15 to 28 days, and 0 to 28 days (p < 0.05) and no significant on growth performance. The effect of CT on reducing diarrhea rate and diarrhea index was similar to the results of ZnO. Compared with the CON group, ZnO increased the ileum villus height and improved intestinal barrier function by increasing the content of mucin 2 (MUC-2) in jejunum and ileum mucosa and the mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunum (p < 0.05) and the expression of Occludin in duodenum and ileum (p < 0.05). The effects of CT on intestinal barrier function genes were similar to that of ZnO. Moreover, the mRNA expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in jejunum and ileum was reduced in ZnO group (p < 0.05). And CT was also capable of alleviating diarrhea by decreasing CFTR expression and promote water reabsorption by increasing AQP3 expression (p < 0.05). In addition, pigs receiving ZnO diet had higher abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, and genera Prevotella, and lower phylum Firmicutes and genera Lactobacillus in colonic contents. These results indicated that ZnO and CT can alleviate diarrhea and improve intestinal barrier function of weaned pigs in ETEC-challenged environment. In addition, the application of ZnO combined with CT did not show synergistic effects on piglet intestinal health and overall performance. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of ZnO in weaning piglet production practices, we also explored effects of CT on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets in ETEC-challenged environment.

The effect of zinc oxide on the physical and optical characteristics of calcium oxide containing boro-tellurite glasses

Glassy system with a chemical compositions of xZnO-10CaO-30TeO2-(60-x)B2O3 (x = 0 to 20 mol% with stepwise 5 mol%) was synthesized by conventional melt quenching method. The non-crystallinecharacter of the produced glasses was verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Variations in the molar concentration of additional ZnO resulted in a densityrange of 3.19–3.77 g/cm3 for the current glasses. Through analysis of Ultraviolet Absorption spectrum, optical properties like cut-off (λc) optical energy band gap (Eopt), Urbach energy (ΔE),refractive index were determined. The cut-off wave length (λc) was increased, whereas, indirect band gap energy decreased with addition of ZnO content. The Urbach energy (ΔE) of the present glasses increased with ZnO content which confirms more disorderness. As the amount of ZnO in the glass system changed, the refractive index shifted from 2.23 to 2.30 with changing of ZnO content. The FTIR spectra confirmed the structural changes with increasing ZnO content. The higher refractive index values of the studied glasses and the presence TeO2 and ZnO enables the prominence of the glasses for NLO and antimicrobial applications.

Effect of Zinc Oxide, Sulphur and Silver Nanoparticles against Soybean Rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.

Background: Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. is one of the major constraints in the production of soybean. Nanotechnology is a new scientific approach that includes use of materials and equipment capable of using physical and chemical properties of a substance at molecular level to explore the biological and material worlds in nanometer-scale and use it in various carriers from medicine to agriculture. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most innovative scientific field in agriculture. Among various synthesis methods, green synthesis of nanoparticles is widely used by researchers because it is simple, convenient, eco-friendly and requires less reaction time. Methods: The chitosan based zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ch-ZnONPs), pomegranate aril based sulphur nanoparticles (PA-SNPs) and pomegranate aril based silver nanoparticles (PA-AgNPs) were synthesised, characterised and evaluated under in vitro conditions against soybean rust pustules. Result: The maximum per cent spore inhibition of 70.25, 74.70 and 86.68 per cent over control was recorded in Ch-ZnONPs (1250 ppm), PA-SNPs (2000 ppm) and PA-AgNPs (500 ppm) respectively.

Synthesis, Characteristics, and Effect of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles on the In Vitro Regeneration and Biochemical Profile of Chrysanthemum Adventitious Shoots.

Studies on nanoparticles' effects on plants are relevant for horticulture. This study aimed to test the influence of zinc oxide submicron particles (ZnO SMPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and zinc oxide nanoparticles combined with silver nanoparticles (ZnO+1%Ag NPs) applied at 100 and 500 mg·L-1 on the regeneration and biochemical activity of adventitious shoots in Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. 'UTP Burgundy Gold' and 'UTP Pinky Gold'. The original microwave solvothermal synthesis and characteristics of the ZnO samples were described. Internodes were cultured on the MS medium with 0.6 mg∙L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2 mg∙L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In 'UTP Burgundy Gold', the highest shoot regeneration efficiency was obtained for 100 mg·L-1 ZnO SMPs and 500 mg·L-1 ZnO NPs treatments (6.50 and 10.33 shoots per explant, respectively). These shoots had high or moderate chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. In 'UTP Pinky Gold', the highest shoot number was produced in the control (12.92), for 500 mg·L-1 ZnO SMPs (12.08) and 500 mg·L-1 ZnO NPs (10.42). These shoots had increased chlorophyll (a+b)-to-carotenoid ratios. In 'UTP Pinky Gold', the ZnO SMPs and ZnO NPs affected the anthocyanins biosynthesis, whereas ZnO + 1%Ag NPs decreased the phenolics accumulation. These results are important for the improvement of chrysanthemum micropropagation.

The effect of zinc oxide and Curcuma heyneana Val. combination on stability and sun protection factor (SPF) of lotion

Indonesian people risk-averse effects of Ultraviolet (UV) exposure, so they need skin protection agents. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is an effective UV reflection, but at a concentration of more than 10%, it can cause skin irritation. Combining ZnO with other UV protective agents is necessary, so its concentration can be reduced but still effective. The flavonoid in C. heyneana has potential as a sunscreen because chromophore groups can absorb UV B and UV A light. This study aims to examine the effect of the combination of ZnO and C. heyneana on the stability and SPF value of lotion. The lotion is made in five variations of the composition of ZnO and C. heyneana , F1 of 100: 0%; F2 of 0:100%; F3 of 50:50%; F4 of 25:75%; and F5 of 75:25% respectively. Test parameters include organoleptic, pH, spreadability, viscosity, and SPF. The test is recorded before and after the cycling test. Statistical analysis using Paired Sample T-Test. The combination of ZnO and C. heyneana affected organoleptic, viscosity, spreadability, and SPF value but did not affect pH. The higher concentration of ZnO will increase the viscosity, pH, and SPF but decrease the spreadability. The formula with a combination of ZnO and C. heyneana of 50%:50% is selected because it has an SPF value of 13.24 and; a viscosity of 48.67 d.Pas; pH of 7.1; and spreadability of 3.81 cm.