Effect Of Zeolite Application Research Articles

Effect of Zeolite Application and Seed Priming with Salicylic Acid on Decreasing the Cd Concentration of Inoculated Plant with Piriformospora indica Fungus under Drought Stress

Today, urban management seems necessary to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals, especially in industrial regions. Thus, this research was done to evaluate the effect of zeolite and seed pre-treatment with salicylic acid on reducing the Cd sorption by ornamental sunflower under drought stress. Treatments (48 treatments) consisted of applying zeolite (0 and 5 % (W/W)) in the Cd (0 and 15 mg Cd (kg soil)-1) polluted soil under cultivation of ornamental sunflower that was inoculated with P.indica in normal and intensive drought stress condition. The plants seeds were pretreated with salicylic acid (0, 0.5 and 1 mM). After 90 days, plants were harvested and atomic absorption spectroscopy (Perkin-Elmer 3030) was used for determining the Pb and Zn concentration. Application of zeolite in the soil significantly decreased and increased the plant Cd and Zn concentration by 11.3 and 14.2%, respectively. Seed priming with salicylic acid at the rate of 1 mM significantly increased the plant Zn and Cd concentration by 12.7 and 14.2%, respectively. In addition, plant inoculation with P.indica significantly decreased the catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity which indicate the plant resistance to abiotic stress. However, drought stress had adverse effect on the Cd sorption by plants. Moreover, the CAT and APX enzymes activities were increased. The results of this study showed that applying zeolite and seed priming with salicylic acid had additive effects on decreasing the Cd sorption by ornamental sunflower that was inoculated with P.indica fungus under drought stress.

Effect of zeolite application on phenology, grain yield and grain quality in rice under water stress

Plant growth and grain yield of various upland crops in response to zeolite application have been extensively studied, but little information is available on the impact of zeolite application on rice grown in the lowlands under water stress. A two-year experiment was conducted using lysimeters in the field to evaluate the influence of zeolite application (15 t ha–1) on phenology, grain yield and grain quality in a local rice cultivar (Shennong 9765) under three irrigation regimes (CF, continuous flooding irrigation; IAWD, improved alternate wetting and drying irrigation; and AWD, alternate wetting and drying irrigation). Regardless of water supply, zeolite application significantly increased leaf area index (LAI) at all the measured stages except for tillering, SPAD values at the jointing–booting and heading–flowering stages, photosynthetic rate (Pn) at heading–flowering stage, and grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE). Moreover, zeolite addition significantly increased the head rice rate and decreased the chalk rice rate and chalkiness. The IAWD and CF treatments had similar SPAD values and Pn at the heading–flowering stage, and grain yield, while the AWD treatment significantly reduced those values, relative to the CF treatment. The IAWD and AWD treatments significantly increased WUE, milled rice rate, head rice rate, peak viscosity, and breakdown, but decreased water use, LAI, chalky rice rate, chalkiness, cool viscosity, and setback. These results suggest that the adoption of IAWD with 15 t ha–1 of zeolite application could reduce irrigation water use, increase grain yield and improve grain quality in rice.

Effects of zeolite application on grain yield, water use and nitrogen uptake of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation

With the increasing scarcity of water resources and growing population, the dual goal of saving irrigation water and increasing grain yield has become a major challenge in rice production around the world. A two-year lysimetric experiment was conducted to assess the effects of zeolite application (Z0: 0 and Z1: 15 t/hm2) and water regimes (W0: continuous flooding irrigation, W1: energy-controlled irrigation, W2: alternate wetting and drying irrigation) on grain yield, water use and total nitrogen uptake of rice. Zeolite addition to paddy field significantly increased grain yield, total N uptake, and water use efficiency (WUE), despite a negligible effect on amount of irrigation water used. Compared with W0, the separate use of W1 and W2 each considerably decreased irrigation water. However, W2-grown rice showed a significant decline in grain yield. In contrast, W1 showed comparable grain yield with W0, and achieved the highest WUE. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with effective panicles, spikelets per panicle, water consumption, and total N uptake. It is concluded that the combination of zeolite application at the rate of 15 t/hm2 and energy-controlled irrigation could be recommended to benefit farmers by reducing irrigation water while improving grain yield on a clay loam soil. Keywords: zeolite, alternate wetting and drying irrigation, rice, yield, water use efficiency DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181101.3064 Citation: Zheng J L, Chen T T, Xia G M, Chen W, Liu G Y, Chi D C. Effects of zeolite application on grain yield, water use and nitrogen uptake of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(1): 157–164.

Effects of zeolite application on grain yield, water use and nitrogen uptake of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation

With the increasing scarcity of water resources and growing population, the dual goal of saving irrigation water and increasing grain yield has become a major challenge in rice production around the world. A two-year lysimetric experiment was conducted to assess the effects of zeolite application (Z0: 0 and Z1: 15 t/hm2) and water regimes (W0: continuous flooding irrigation, W1: energy-controlled irrigation, W2: alternate wetting and drying irrigation) on grain yield, water use and total nitrogen uptake of rice. Zeolite addition to paddy field significantly increased grain yield, total N uptake, and water use efficiency (WUE), despite a negligible effect on amount of irrigation water used. Compared with W0, the separate use of W1 and W2 each considerably decreased irrigation water. However, W2-grown rice showed a significant decline in grain yield. In contrast, W1 showed comparable grain yield with W0, and achieved the highest WUE. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with effective panicles, spikelets per panicle, water consumption, and total N uptake. It is concluded that the combination of zeolite application at the rate of 15 t/hm2 and energy-controlled irrigation could be recommended to benefit farmers by reducing irrigation water while improving grain yield on a clay loam soil. Keywords: zeolite, alternate wetting and drying irrigation, rice, yield, water use efficiency DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181101.3064 Citation: Zheng J L, Chen T T, Xia G M, Chen W, Liu G Y, Chi D C. Effects of zeolite application on grain yield, water use and nitrogen uptake of rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(1): 157–164.

Insecticidal potential of zeolite formulations against three stored-grain insects, particle size effect, adherence to kernels and influence on test weight of grains

Laboratory studies were conducted in order to evaluate the insecticidal potential of three commercially available zeolite formulations against adults of Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium confusum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis in wheat. For each zeolite formulation, three particle size levels were tested, i.e. 0–50, 0–150 and 0–500 μm. Zeolites were applied at three dose rates, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm, and insect mortality was assessed after 2, 7, 14 and 21 d of exposure. After the final mortality count, dead and alive insects were removed and offspring numbers were determined following an additional period of 65 d. In another series of laboratory bioassays, the effect of zeolite application on the test weight of wheat, maize and barley, as well as the adherence of zeolite particles to wheat, maize, barley and rice kernels was also measured. Oryzaephilus surinamensis was the most susceptible species to zeolite application, regardless of the zeolite formulation, dose and particle size level tested, whereas T. confusum was the most tolerant. No significant differences in efficacy were recorded among the three tested zeolite formulations. At the same time, particle size did not affect zeolite efficacy, at least for the particle size levels tested. All zeolites caused a significant reduction on the test weight of the treated grains. Moreover, zeolite particles showed different adherence among wheat, maize, barley and rice kernels. The results of the present study indicate that zeolites can be used with success as grain protectants, but there is a considerable effect on some physical properties of the grains. This information aims to encourage further evaluation of zeolites as grain protectants.

Effects of Zeolite Application on Seed Yield and Yield Component of Organic Upland Rice

Effects of zeolite application on seed yield and yield component of organic upland rice was studied in a field experiment conducted at the King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus from July to November, 2012. Our objective was to determine the effects of zeolite on seed yield and yield component of organic upland rice varieties: Dokkam and Nangchuan. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block (RCB) with four replications and four treatments as follows: 1) chemical methods using fertilizer (15N-15P-15K) rated 4.80 kg/ha for control (T1), 2) cattle manure rated 160 kg/ha (T2), 3) zeolite rated 16 kg/ha (T3) and 4) zeolite rated 32 kg/ha (T4). The fertilizer was applied at the rate of 160 kg/ha of cow manure (T1 to T4) and zeolite was applied at the rate of 16 and 32 kg/ha (T3 and T4), respectively, (mixing into the soil before growing). The results showed that the applying T4 had number of seeds per panicle of Dokkam variety of 286 seeds which was not statistically different from the seed production using T1 and T2 of 272 and 263 seeds, respectively, but were statistically different from T3 which had number of seeds per panicle of 239 seeds. The Nangchuan variety had number of seeds per panicle ranged from of 280 to 294 seeds which was not statistically different among the treatments. Both varieties from the seed production among the treatments had perfect seeds per panicle ranged from of 216 to 264 seeds, imperfect seeds per panicle ranged from of 7 to 18 seeds, empty seeds per panicle ranged from of 8.50 to 36.75% which were not statistically different among them. The Dokkam variety from the production using T4 had seed yield of 222.35 kg/ha which was not statistically different from the production using T2 of 216.81 kg/ha, but was statistically different from T1 and T3 of 188.66 and 196.60 kg/ha, respectively. The Nangchuan variety from the seed production in all four treatments had seed yields ranged from of 149 to 176.19 kg/ha which was not different from those among the treatments. These results confirm that zeolite could replace the application of chemical fertilizers. That can be used to produce upland rice under organic farming system. Besides, it minimizes pollution of environment and economic costs.

Use of Clinoptilolite Zeolite on Selected Soil Chemical Properties, Dry Matter Production, Nutrients Uptake and Use Efficiency of Zea mays Cultivated on an Acid Soil

In acid soils of the humid tropics, Phosphorus (P) deficiency due to its fixation by Al and Fe is common. It is therefore important to ensure adequate supply of P for optimum crop production. The use of zeolite on acid soils could fix Al and Fe and thus, rendering P readily available for crop use. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of including clinoptilolite zeolite in Zea mays cultivation on an acid soil on selected soil chemical properties, dry matter production, nutrient uptake and use efficiency of Zea mays. Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), urea and Muriate of Potash (MOP) were used in this study. Twenty five percent of the recommended N, P and K fertilizers for Zea mays were replaced with Clinoptilolite zeolite. Standard procedures were used to determine soil pH, exchangeable ammonium, available nitrate, available phosphorus, exchangeable aluminium, iron, cations and organic matter before and after planting. The plants were harvested at tasselling stage and measured for dry matter production, nutrients uptake and use efficiency. The effect of zeolite application with 75% of fertilization (T2) and 100% fertilization (T1) on soil chemical properties were statistically similar. Similar observation was made on dry matter production, nutrients concentration, nutrients uptake and nutrients use efficiency. The findings reported in this paper indicate that Clinoptilolite zeolite could be used to reduce the use of N, P and K fertilizers use of Zea mays on acid soils. At least three cropping cycles are recommended to confirm the findings of this study. It is also essential to estimate the economic benefits of including zeolite in Zea mays cultivation. These aspects are being investigated in on-going field trial.

Effect of zeolite and saline water application on saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration in different soil textures

The effects of zeolite application (0, 4, 8 and16 g kg−1) and saline water (0.5, 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 dS m−1) on saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s) and sorptivity (S) in different soils were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Results showed that K s was increased at salinity levels of 0.5‐1.5 dS m−1 in clay loam and loam with 8 and 4 g zeolite kg−1 soil, respectively, and at salinity levels of 3.0–5.0 dS m−1 with 16 g zeolite kg−1 soil. K s was decreased by using low and high salinity levels in sandy loam with application of 8 and 16 g zeolite kg−1, respectively. In clay loam, salinity levels of 0.5–3.0 dS m−1 with application of 16 g kg−1 zeolite and 5.0 dS m−1 with application of 8 g zeolite kg−1 soil resulted in the lowest values of S. In loam, all salinity levels with application of 16 g zeolite kg−1 soil increased S compared with other zeolite application rates. In sandy loam, only a salinity level of 0.5 dS m−1 with application of 4 g zeolite kg−1 soil increased S. Other zeolite applications decreased S, whereas increasing the zeolite application to 16 g kg−1 soil resulted in the lowest value of S.

Effects of Zeolite Application on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Recovery, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

The unique cation exchange, adsorption, hydration–dehydration, and catalytic properties of natural zeolites and their abundance have promoted their use in a wide variety of agricultural processes as soil amendments, slow‐release fertilizers, and other materials. To investigate the feasibility of using a natural clinoptilolite to enhance rice grain yield, nitrogen (N) recovery and N use efficiency, an experiment was conducted in a coarse‐textured rice field in the Guilan province of Iran. Three levels of 8, 16, or 24 tons of zeolite ha−1 were incorporated into the soil with and without 60 kg N ha−1 as urea, and their effects on the grain and straw yields, available K, apparent N recovery, N use efficiency, and some soil properties were determined. Results indicated a significant positive effect of treatments on the grain yield, straw, and tiller numbers of rice. All levels of zeolite with N showed a significant increase in grain yield compared with 60 kg N ha−1 and control treatment. Zeolite application also increased soil‐available potassium and its uptake by rice straw significantly. The lowest apparent N recovery (40%) was obtained from application of 60 kg N ha−1, whereas application of 8 or 16 tons zeolite ha−1 increased apparent N recovery up to 65%. Nitrogen use efficiency was also improved.

Effects of zeolite application on nitrate and ammonium retention of a loamy soil under saturated conditions

Nitrogen (N) loss from irrigated cropland, especially in rice paddies, results in low N-use efficiency and groundwater contamination. Soil conditions that increase ammonium and nitrate ion retention alleviate these problems. Clinoptilolite, a naturally occurring zeolite with high-exchange capacity, may be used to absorb ammonium and retard excess leaching of nitrate. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of different rates of Ca–K-zeolite application (0, 2, 4, and 8 g/kg soil) on pore water velocity and leaching of ammonium and nitrate applied as ammonium nitrate fertiliser to a loam soil at a rate of 350 kg N/ha under saturated conditions similar to that of a rice paddy. The results indicate that Ca–K-zeolite applications of 4 and 8 g/kg soil increase the pore water velocity by 35% and 74%, respectively. The maximum relative concentration (c/co) for the nitrate breakthrough curve occurring at pore volume of about 0.5 was reduced by 15% with a zeolite application rate of 8 g/kg soil. When applying 40 cm of leaching water, leached nitrate was 75% and 63% of total applied nitrate at the soil surface with zeolite applications of 4 and 8 g/kg soil, respectively. Due to the high ion exchange capacity of zeolite, the application of zeolite at 2 g/kg soil is enough to increase the exchange sites in the soil in order to absorb the applied ammonium and prevent its leaching by the inflow water. The maximum ammonium concentration in the breakthrough curve for the zeolite application rate of 2 g/kg soil was reduced by 43% compared with the control treatment. The relationship between the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (D) for nitrate and pore water velocity (v) was not linear and it was correlated with squared pore water velocity. The coefficient of the relationship between D and v2 was dependent on the zeolite application rate and linearly increased with this rate.

Effect of zeolite application and soil pH on cadmium sorption in soils

In this study the influence of zeolite application and soil liming on cadmium (Cd) sorption by soils in Greece was investigated. The zeolite was natural and consisted mainly of clinoptilolite. The soil samples were strongly acid surface horizons of an Alfisol limed from a pH of 4.0 to 8.5, and a neutral Bt horizon. The result showed that liming and zeolite application substantially increased sorption of Cd in the soils. Cadmium sorption was described adequately by the Freundlich equation whereas the Langmuir model failed to describe Cd sorption in the soils. The Freundlich constant K increased in value by zeolite application as well as by soil liming. A strong relationship was observed between this parameter and soil pH. A high percentage of cadmium sorbed was released in the desorption procedure. The amount of Cd released was reduced by zeolite application as well as by soil liming. It is concluded that zeolite application as well as soil liming increased Cd sorption by the soils.

Effect of Zeolite Application on Nitrogen and Mineral Contents, Yield and Palatability of Rice Grown on Andosol Paddy Field

Effect of Zeolite Application on Nitrogen and Mineral Contents, Yield and Palatability of Rice Grown on Andosol Paddy Field