Effect Of Wood Flour Content Research Articles

EFFECT OF WOOD FLOUR CONTENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF FLAT PRESSED WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES

This study focused on the effect of wood flour content on some mechanical and physical properties of flat pressed wood plastic composites (WPC). The results revealed changes in thewood flour content affected the density of flat pressed WPC. Moreover, as exposure time increased, water absorption values were increased. The changes in the wood flour content considerably affected the mechanical properties of WPC. The decrease in the flexural strength reached up to 58%, while it was 61% for tensile strength. However, modulus of elasticity increased with increasing wood flour content. Meanwhile, the decrease was inevitable for screw withdrawal strength, where the increase in wood flour content resulted in a reduction of up to 50%. It was clearly determined that wood flour content above 60% evidently affects thephysical and mechanical properties of flat pressed WPC, which should be considered in theutilization areas where high mechanical properties are critical.

Effects of wood flour content and heat treatment on the dynamic mechanical and impact properties of LDPE/red balau (Shorea Dipterocarpaceae) composites

Red Balau saw dust was heat-treated at 180 °C and 200 °C for one hour and compounded with low-density polyethylene, LDPE, at 9, 20 and 37 wt%. The compounded materials were injection moulded into test specimens. Charpy impact assessment of the notched samples of the composites revealed that the peak load, P, and the critical stress intensity factor, Kc, increased with wood content and treatment temperature. While the energy to failure, W , and the critical strain energy release rate, Gc, decreased with wood content, the values were highest in composites made from wood flour treated at 180 °C and reduced in 200 °C treated wood composites. This behaviour revealed that heat treatment of wood flour at the 200 °C resulted in poorer impact properties of the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed an increase in storage and loss modulus of composites made from untreated wood flour relative to the heat-treated ones. Tan delta values were also found to reduce in the heat-treated wood composites as a result of decreased damping. Heat treatment of wood flour at appropriate temperature enhanced both the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites.

Effect of wood flour content on surface properties of 3D printed materials produced from wood flour/PLA filament

Amount of wood flour was gradually increased from 0 to 50 wt% in the production of polylactic acid (PLA) based filaments with 1.75 mm diameter using twin screw extruder. Surface roughness and wettability were measured of the specimens. Surface roughness of the specimens significantly increased with incorporation of wood flour into PLA filament. Wettability of the specimens significantly decreased with increasing wood flour content. This was mainly attributed to the higher surface free energy of PLA than the beech wood. Contact angle values of the 3D printed wood/PLA specimens having wood flour content up to 30 wt% were less than 90°.

The effects of wood flour content and coupling agent on the dynamic mechanical and relaxation properties of wood-plastic composites

This research studied the influence of formulations of wood-plastic composites on dynamic mechanical properties—storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E′′) and mechanical loss factor (tan δ)—according to dynamic mechanical analysis spectra. The specimens were made with wood flour, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and maleic anhydride polypropylene as a coupling agent. Generally, the presence of fillers and a coupling agent in polymer affect the relaxation processes and produce a more complex morphology, thereby influencing the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the composites. In this work, the addition of a higher content of wood flour resulted in higher values of E′, indicating a better stiffness, but tan δ decreased. The bonding agent significantly improved E′, which can be attributed to an enhanced interface between the wood and the HDPE. Coupled products had better E′ retention at elevated temperatures than uncoupled samples. The addition of wood flour and a coupling agent increased the value of E′, but did not significantly change the range of relaxation transition.

Influence of high loaded wood flour and coupling agent (m-TMI-g-PP) content on properties of wood flour/polypropylene

The effects of wood flour content (60–80%) and m-TMI-g-PP content (0–14%) on the properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites (WF/PP) were investigated by means of mechanical properties, thermal analysis, dynamic rheological analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that WF significantly increased the mechanical properties, char yield, heat deflection temperature (HDT), vicat softening temperature (VST), T c, G′, G″, and η ∗. However, WF above 70% led to decreased mechanical properties, so for the comprehensive consideration of the cost and environmental issues, 70% WF is the best. With the addition of m-TMI-g-PP, the mechanical properties, thermal stability, HDT, VST, △H m, and T m of composites were all got improvement, which was attributed to the strong interfacial interaction of m-TMI-g-PP on composites. However, when it exceeded 10%, the mechanical properties of the composites declined, it probably formed a separate phase in the PP matrix. Therefore, the 10% m-TMI-g-PP was chosen in WF/PP. In addition, the results were all further confirmed by SEM analysis.

Effect of Wood Flour Content and Cooling Rate on Properties of Rubberwood Flour/Recycled Polypropylene Composites

The present article summarizes an experimental study on the mechanical and thermal behavior of recycled polypropylene composites reinforced with rubberwood flour. Different compositions were varied to investigate mechanical strengths, melting temperature, storage modulus, and loss modulus. It was observed that the tensile and flexural strengths decreased with the increase of wood flour content. Furthermore, the air cooled composites showed improved properties in comparison with the water cooled composites. The melting and crystallization temperature results presented a weak influence of increased wood flour content on composites. However, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed an increase in the storage and loss modulus.

Mechanical Behavior of Wood Plastic Composites: Effect of Interfacial Compatibilizers

In this study, wood plastic composites (WPC) material were fabricated with wood flour and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). To improve the interfacial compatibility between the wood flour and the PVC, silane method (SM) and tianate method(TM) were used to treat the wood flour, maleic anhydride copolymerized PVC with dicumyl peroxide. The effects of wood flour content, surface treatment on the mechanical properties of WPC materials were investigated. Fracture surfaces of tests specimens were analysis by SEM. Test results indicate that WPC material with wood flour treated by SM or TM together with PVC copolymerized showed good mechanical properties.

Wood-Polyvinyl Chloride Composite for Insulation of Electrical Wires: Fabrication and Investigation of Properties

In this study, five series of wood—polyvinyl chloride composite samples were prepared by granules production followed by extrusion process for insulation of cuprous wires. The effects of wood flour content and its size on thermal stability, physical, mechanical, and electrical properties of these composites were investigated. The obtained results show that the density as well as the mechanical properties decreases, as the wood flour content increases. Also, wood flour composites with smaller particles have better mechanical properties and lower density. Thermal decomposition of these composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In general, thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride is inhibited by the addition of wood flour to the polyvinyl chloride compound. Moreover, electrical tests showed high amounts of wood flour can’t be used when high volume resistivity is necessary.

Study on PVC composites containing Eugenia jambolana wood flour

AbstractThis article describes the properties of composites using unplasticized PVC matrix and wood flour (obtained by crushing the bark of Eugenia jambolana) as filler. Composites were prepared by mixing PVC with varying amounts of wood flour (ranging from 10–40 phr; having particle sizes of 100–150 μm and <50μm) using two‐roll mill followed by compression molding. The effect of wood flour content and its particle size on the properties, i.e., mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and thermal was evaluated. Tensile strength, impact strength, and % elongation at break decreased with increasing amounts of wood flour. Stiffness of the composites (as determined by storage modulus) increased with increasing amounts of the filler. Modulus increased significantly when wood flour having particle size <50 μm was used. Morphological characterization (SEM) showed a uniform distribution of wood flour in the composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008

Effect of Wood Flour Content on the Thermal, Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride)

Several composite formulations of poly(vinyl chloride)/olive wood flour (PVC/WF) were manufactured by dry-blending PVC, wood flour, plasticizer and other processing additives in a high-intensity mixer. The dry-blended compounds were calendered into film samples (T = 180°C, calendered time = 8 min). The films obtained are cut into normalized samples for thermal, mechanical, and dielectric characterization. The results obtained show that stress as well as strain at break decrease sharply as the wood flour content increases. On the other hand, this filler content has little influence on the glass transition temperature. It decreases the temperature of decomposition setting and retards the PVC thermal decomposition. It increases permittivity as well as dielectric losses. The thermal stability, as measured by thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods, is good enough to permit processing of these types of PVC compounds using conventional processing techniques and temperatures under 210°C.