Effects Of Weather Patterns Research Articles

The effect of weather patterns on winter small city urban heat islands

The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon has been gaining intensity because of population growth, continuous urbanization and inappropriate urban planning and design. Geospatial models can importantly contribute to solving the negative impacts left behind by these developments in the urban environment. Here, the influence of different weather patterns (anticyclonic, cyclonic and advective), occurring as a consequence of regional synoptic conditions, on UHI intensity and morphology was studied. The previously published geographically weighted regression UHI model was used in order to predict the behaviour of the urban–rural temperature anomaly in different weather patterns in a small city named Ljutomer (8 km2 of built‐up area occupied by 3,500 inhabitants) located in the northeast part of Slovenia. As expected, UHI intensity was significantly higher in the anticyclonic weather pattern compared to cyclonic and advective conditions. The urban–rural temperature contrast was at least recognizable under a turbulent windy atmosphere. Surprisingly, Ljutomer's UHI can be most accurately modelled in the cyclonic weather pattern, followed by advective and anticyclonic conditions, and statistically significant cold‐spots can be better predicted, with selected predictor variables, than hot‐spots.

Does Weather Matter? The Effect of Weather Patterns and Temporal Factors on Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Volume.

Objectives:Orthopaedists often speculate how weather and school schedule may influence pediatric orthopedic trauma volume, but few studies have examined this. This study aims to determine: how do weather patterns, day, month, season and public school schedule influence the daily frequency of pediatric orthopedic trauma consults and admissions?Methods:With IRB approval, orthopedic trauma data from a level 1 pediatric trauma center, including number of daily orthopedic trauma consults and admissions, were collected from July 2009 to March 2012. Historical weather data (high temperatures, precipitation and hours of daylight), along with local public school schedule data were collected for the same time period. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to show the average number of orthopedic trauma consults and admissions as a function of weather and temporal variables.Results:High temperature, precipitation, month and day of the week significantly affected the number of daily consults and admissions. The number of consults and admissions increased by 1% for each degree increase in temperature (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), and decreased by 21% for each inch of precipitation (p<0.001, p=0.006). Daily consults on snowy days decreased by an additional 16% compared to days with no precipitation. November had the lowest daily consult and admission rate, while September had the highest. Daily consult rate was lowest on Wednesdays and highest on Saturdays. Holiday schedule was not independently significant.Conclusion:Pediatric orthopedic trauma consultations and admissions are highly linked to temperature and precipitation, as well as day of the week and time of year.

Short term effect of weather patterns on the incidence of hand foot and mouth disease aged ≤5 years old in Jinan city

To investigate the effect of weather patterns on the incidence of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jinan. HFMD confirmed cases aged ≤5 years old for the period of 2012-2014 were collected from National Notifiable Disease Report System (NNDRS). Simultaneous meteorological data, including daily average temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind velocity, rainfall and duration of sunshine were obtained from the website of Jinan meteorological bureau. A negative binomial multivariable regression was used to identify the relationship between meteorological variables and HFMD. During the study period, a total of 40 405 HFMD cases aged ≤5 years old were reported. The incident peak occurred from May to July, a total of 22 254 cases were reported during this period, which accounted for 55.08% of whole cases. After adjusting by "year", each 1 °C rise of weekly average temperature corresponded to an increase of 6.70% (95%CI:6.35% to 7.06%) in the weekly number of HFMD cases, while a 1 kPa rise of weekly average atmospheric pressure corresponded to a decrease in the number of cases by 44.77% (95%CI: -46.23% to -41.91%). Likewise, a one percent rise in weekly average relative humidity corresponded to an increase of 1.96% (95%CI: 1.84% to 2.09%), a 1 m/h rise in weekly average wind velocity corresponded to an increase of 16.63% (95% CI:14.08% to 19.25%), a hour add in weekly duration of sunshine corresponded to a decrease of 0.82% (95% CI : -0.93% to -0.72%), in the weekly number of HFMD cases. Weather factors including temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind velocity, and duration of sunshine had a significant influence on occurrence and transmission of HFMD in Jinan city.

Zooplankton community responses to regional-scale weather variability: a synoptic climatology approach

CR Climate Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials CR 62:189-198 (2015) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01275 Zooplankton community responses to regional-scale weather variability: a synoptic climatology approach Ana Lígia Primo1,*, David G. Kimmel2,3, Sónia C. Marques1, Filipe Martinho1, Ulisses M. Azeiteiro1,4, Miguel A. Pardal1 1CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal 2Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA 3Institute for Coastal Science and Policy, East Carolina University, Flanagan Building, Suite 250, Mail Stop 169, Greenville, NC 27858, USA 4Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Aberta, 752 Rua do Ameal, 4200-055 Porto, Portugal *Corresponding author: ana.primo@uc.pt ABSTRACT: Estuarine and coastal ecosystems are strongly affected by variations in climate through alterations in freshwater input, which result in changes in water temperature and salinity. Predicting the response of estuarine systems to future scenarios of climate change requires knowledge of the present relationships between estuarine and coastal communities and variations in local weather patterns. Synoptic climatology is a method that identifies recurrent weather patterns at a regional scale (1000s of km) and is valuable for predicting estuarine ecosystem responses to environmental variability. This method was applied for a region of southwest Europe, and the effects of weather patterns on the zooplankton community of the Mondego Estuary (Portugal) were investigated. We identified 9 weather patterns for the region during the last 61 yr. A regression analysis related these weather patterns with freshwater flow in the estuary during the winter, and subsequently years between 2003 and 2011 were classified as average, dry or wet by a percentile approach. The abundance and spatial distribution of the zooplankton community responded to weather pattern variability during the winter. For example, years that featured lower precipitation, freshwater flow and higher salinity were characterized by marine planktonic groups. Salinity appeared to be the main factor related to zooplankton community changes. This study shows that the synoptic climatology approach is effective at capturing regional-scale dynamics of estuaries and at providing baseline climate relationships with estuarine zooplankton communities, which can be used to predict future response to climate change. KEY WORDS: Plankton communities · Synoptic climatology · Mondego Estuary · Climate variability Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Primo AL, Kimmel DG, Marques SC, Martinho F, Azeiteiro UM, Pardal MA (2015) Zooplankton community responses to regional-scale weather variability: a synoptic climatology approach. Clim Res 62:189-198. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01275 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in CR Vol. 62, No. 3. Online publication date: February 05, 2015 Print ISSN: 0936-577X; Online ISSN: 1616-1572 Copyright © 2015 Inter-Research.

Investigation of the effect of weather conditions on solar radiation in Brunei Darussalam

The amount of solar radiation received on the earth's surface is known to be highly influenced by the weather conditions and the geography of a particular area. This paper presents some results of an investigation that was carried out to find the effects of weather patterns on the solar radiation in Brunei Darussalam, a small country that experiences equatorial climate due to its geographical location. Weather data were collected at a suitable location in the University Brunei Darussalam (UBD) and were compared with the available data provided by the Brunei Darussalam Meteorological Services (BDMS). It has been found that the solar radiation is directly proportional to the atmospheric temperature while it is inversely proportional to the relative humidity. It has also been found that wind speed has little influence on solar radiation. Functional relationships between the solar radiation and the atmospheric temperature, and between the solar radiation and the relative humidity have also been developed from the BDMS weather data. Finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) model has been developed for training and testing the solar radiation data with the inputs of temperature and relative humidity, and a coefficient of determination of around 99% was achieved. This set of data containing all the aforementioned results may serve as a guideline on the solar radiation pattern in the geographical areas around the equator.

Abstract W P78: Effect of Weather Patterns on the Admission and Outcome of Intracranial Aneurysms

Introduction: There have been speculations that regional weather patterns play a role in the rupture of cerebral aneurysms, although the literature has been scarce and inconsistent. Furthermore, there are no studies analyzing the effect of weather patterns on the outcome of ruptured aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to use a nationwide sample to analyze the effects of temperature, precipitation, daily sunlight and relative humidity on hospital admission rate and outcome of ruptured aneurysms. Methods: Patients were identified using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2001-2010) by ICD-9 codes for subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage and a procedural code for aneurysm repair. Climate data were obtained from the State of the Climate Report 2010 released by the National Climatic Data Center. Multivariate regression models were used to analyze the effects of average monthly temperature, precipitation, percent possible sunlight and relative morning humidity on monthly hospital admission, in-hospital mortality and non-routine discharges, adjusted for state population in million obtained from US Census 2010. Patients were stratified by sex and age (&lt;/&gt;60) to study the effects of weather patterns on the subgroups. Results: Over the 10-year period, a total of 16970 hospitalizations were included from 723 hospitals across 41 states. Low daily sunlight and relative humidity were associated with increased admission of ruptured aneurysms ( p&lt;0.001 and p&lt;0.001) but had no effect on in-patient mortality or non-routine discharges. Low precipitation was associated with higher mortality ( p=0.005 ). When stratified by age, low temperature was associated with reduced admission ( p=0.023 ) and increased non-routine discharges ( p=0.009 ) in patients age&gt;60. No difference was observed when stratified by sex. Conclusions: This is the first nationwide study to suggest that sunlight and relatively humidity are associated with admission of ruptured cerebral aneurysms and that low precipitation is associated with increased mortality. While it has been postulated that external atmospheric factors may cause hormonal and homeostatic changes, these are only speculations and further analyzes are necessary to understand this relationship.

Effect of weather patterns on preweaning growth of beef calves in the Northern Great Plains

Records from a 76-year investigation into effects of line breeding and selection of Hereford cattle, and concurrent weather records, were used to assess effects of weather patterns on growth of suckling calves. Calf growth data were adjusted for trends arising from selection and inbreeding, and for effects of age of dam and sex of calf to produce clean estimates of year effects. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures were summarized to identify first and last days of a 1500 growing degree growing season. Precipitation was accumulated from: 1) end of the growing season the previous year through 31 December; 2) 1 January through the beginning of the current year growing season; and 3) during the current growing season. Principal components were used to characterize years. Pre-weaning growth of the calves in sets of eight extreme years identified by each of the principal component was contrasted. Irrespective of precipitation pattern before the growing season and with near or above average precipitation during the growing season, calves reared in years characterized by longer, cooler growing seasons grew faster from birth to weaning than in opposing years. This retrospective analysis indicates a general increase in temperature could decrease growth of suckling calves on the Northern Great Plains of North America.

Latitude and psoriasis prevalence

Latitude and psoriasis prevalence

Habitat, population dynamics, and conservation of the Nilgiri tahr, Hemitragus hylocrius

In Eravikulam National Park, India, Nilgiri tahr Hemitragus hylocrius frequent the fringes of the grass-covered plateau. The two main types of grassland utilised by tahr were dominated by Eulalia phaeothrix and Andropogon polyptichus. The total wild population of Nilgiri tahr is about 2200. Available evidence suggests that the three largest populations have remained approximately stable in recent years. Annual mortality at Eravikulam NP was estimated to be 44–52% for young, 31–37% for yearlings, and 17–24% for adults. Life expectancy at birth was estimated at 3–3·5 years. There was evidence for mortality incurred by predation, disease, accidents, injury during intraspecific combat, and thermal stress. Relevant to conservation are the short life expectancy of Nilgiri tahr; the need for comparable information on size and structure of all extant populations; and the effect of weather patterns on the temporal distribution of births and census results.