Effect Of Variation In Number Research Articles

Efecto del color de capa y piel en la longevidad e índices etnológicos y funcionales del ganado caprino local

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of variation in number and diversity of colors, coat pattern, and skin color and its effect on longevity and etnological indices in local goats from Northern Mexico. Two hundred fifty-one adult goats were chosen. The aforementioned variables were recorded in addition to age, live weight (LW), body condition (BC), and fifteen zoometric traits. Seventeen indices were calculated. The group with two colors was different (P<0.05) in age and BC. Skin color was different in LW and BC (P<0.05). BC was higher in white coat mottled animals (P<0.05). The one-color group presented the highest Facial Index. Flat-coated Animals had higher Index of horns. Cephalic, pelvic, facial, compactness, relative chest depth, substernal slenderness, and relative shortness indices were different in coat color. It is concluded that this population was phaneroptically heterogeneous and the number, diversity of colors, coat pattern, and skin color influence the longevity and ethnological and functional indices.

Approximate Analytic Solution of Burger Huxley Equation Using Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network

Solutions of non-linear partial differential equations of Burgers Huxley type are obtained using a feed-forward artificial neural network technique. Solution process requires minimization of an error function which is constructed by making use of the differential equation and the associated initial and boundary conditions. The minimization is carried out using the Quasi Newton algorithm employed through Matlab optimization toolbox. The solutions that are obtained using the technique are analytic in nature and have excellent generalization properties. Results are compared with the existing solutions to validate the utility and effectiveness of proposed procedure. Effect of variation in number of training points on solution accuracy is also studied through calculation of numerical rate of convergence. Solutions obtained using the neural network technique are analytic in nature and can be obtained directly without linearising non-linear partial differential equations.

Optimal Scheduling of Solar-Wind-Thermal Integrated System Using α-Constrained Simplex Method

In this paper, multi-objective economic-environmental solar-wind-thermal power scheduling model was developed and it was optimized for five test systems. First test system was based upon a purely thermal power generating system and its problem was formulated to satisfy three conflicting objectives: (i) fuel cost, (ii) emission, and (iii) emission. The second, third and fourth test systems were comprised of optimal scheduling of integrated solar-thermal, wind-thermal and solar-wind-thermal power systems, respectively. Uncertainty costs were also considered in the renewable power based systems. These four test systems were examined for five power demands i.e. 200 MW, 225 MW, 250 MW, 275 MW, & 300 MW. Fifth test system was also deployed upon a renewable-thermal power scheduling. The effects of variation in number of thermal generators on fuel cost and emission were perceived, for a power demand of 400 MW. The values of fuel cost (4067.98 Rs/h) and emission (2,441.05 kg/h) reduced to 3,232.94 Rs/h and 1,939.30 kg/h, respectively, when number of thermal generators were reduced from four to two. The -constrained simplex method (ACSM) was used for simulation and the results were compared with simplex method (SM). The results clearly depict the dominance of ACSM over SM in almost all the fields.

Growth and Study of Plasma Assisted Nanostructured Hard Tantalum Nitride Thin Films

Plasma assisted growth of tantalum nitride films in Mather type dense plasma focus device is reported in the current research. Effects of variation in number of plasma focus shots on structural, compositional and mechanical characteristics of synthesized tantalum nitride thin films have been investigated. Better crystallinity with thermally assisted coagulated growth patterns are observed for films synthesized by maximum (fifteen) plasma focus shots. Nano-hardness of films is observed to increase with increasing plasma focus shots whereas the maximum nano-hardness of 16.24 ± 01.54 GPa is observed for film synthesized with fifteen plasma focus shots. Film roughness investigated by atomic force microscopy revealed influence of variation in plasma focus shots on surface roughness which is found to be increased with increase in plasma focus shots.

GaN/AlN constant total effective radius multi-wells quantum rings: Physical properties under well number variation effects

In this study, effect of the number of wells and quantum ring thickness on subband electronic structure, ground state wave function, Fermi energy and linear refractive index changes of an AlN/GaN constant total effective radius multi-wells quantum ring have been studied. It is shown that, effect of increasing of the inner quantum ring radius R0 on the ground state energy and other physical properties are larger than increasing of the number of wells. This fact helps the simplification of the experiments, since making quantum ring with larger R0 is easier than making multiple-wells quantum rings. However, effect of the increasing of the R0 values in systems with larger number of wells is also larger. Increase of the R0 also leads to increase of the refractive index changes amplitudes. Resonant energy undergo a red-shift by going from single quantum well system to double quantum well system, and further increasing of the numbers of wells leads to a blue-shift. Finally, we propose number of wells as a tuning tool to select the position of the maximum probability of finding free carriers within the system.

Nestling sex predicts susceptibility to parasitism and influences parasite population size within avian broods

Vertebrate hosts differ in their level of parasite susceptibility and infestation. In avian broods, variation in susceptibility of nestlings to ectoparasites may be associated with non‐uniform distributions of parasites among brood mates, with parasites concentrating feeding on the most vulnerable hosts. The presence of a highly susceptible nestling in a brood can benefit the remaining young by reducing the parasite pressure they experience; however, from a parasite’s perspective, broods with fewer susceptible hosts may provide effectively fewer resources than broods of the same size containing a greater abundance of susceptible hosts, and this could limit the number of parasites that a host brood can sustain. To test whether variation in number of susceptible hosts affects the number of parasites in bird nests, we first examined the role of host sex and induced immunity (via methionine supplementation) on susceptibility of mountain bluebirds Sialia currucoides to parasitism by blow flies Protocalliphora spp. We then assessed the effect of variation in number of susceptible hosts on the number of parasites inhabiting the nest. Only females showed a benefit of methionine supplementation, gaining mass more rapidly following supplementation compared to males. This suggests that females are more susceptible to parasites in this system; this was further supported by parasite feeding trials, in which parasites extracted larger blood meals from female than male hosts. Finally, the abundance of parasites in nests was predicted by brood sex ratio: broods containing more female young harboured more parasites. Hence, within‐brood variation in host susceptibility to parasites can not only influence the costs of parasitism for individual nestlings, but may also have consequences for the size of parasite populations within nests. If patterns of maternal investment affect the abundance of nest‐dwelling parasites, these interactions may be important for understanding fitness consequences of maternal resource allocation in many vertebrate hosts.