Effects Of Morphological Variation Research Articles

Effect of morphological variation in three-dimensional multiwall carbon nanotubes as the host cathode material for high-performance rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) demonstrate potential as next-generation energy storage systems due to the high theoretical capacity and energy density of the sulfur cathode (1672 mAh g-1 and 2600 W h kg-1, respectively) in addition to the low-cost, natural abundance, and environmentally benign characteristics of sulfur. However, the insulating nature of sulfur requires an efficient conductive and porous host material such as three-dimensional carbon nanotubes (3D CNTs). Identifying parameters that provide high conduction pathways and short diffusion lengths for Li-ions within the CNT structure is essential for a highly efficient CNT-S cathode in a LSB. Herein, the effect of morphological variation in 3D CNTs as a sulfur host material is studied, and parameters that affect the performance of a CNT-S cathode in LSB are investigated. Four different 3D CNTs are synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique that vary in specific surface area (SSA), CNT diameter, pore sizes, and porosity. The superior 3D CNT-S (CNT-S-50) cathode, which possessed high surface area and porosity as compared to the rest of the 3D CNT-S cathodes, with ∼38 wt% (6.27 mg cm-2) sulfur loading, demonstrated an areal and specific discharge capacity of 8.70 mAh cm-2 and 1387 mAh g-1 at 0.1C, respectively. Results from this work demonstrate that the combination of high surface area and porosity are two crucial parameters in 3D CNTs as an efficient sulfur host material for LSB cathodes.

Numerical wave speed sensitivity study for assessment of myocardial elasticity in a simplified linear elastic and isotropic left ventricle model

Since tissue elasticity can change with pathology, noninvasive assessment of elasticity has received increasing attention. Emerging methods for assessing cardiac elasticity utilize either an external source to induce propagating shear waves or intrinsic longitudinal waves created by natural cardiac events such as left ventricle stretching that occurs due to atrial kick during late diastole. However, the effect of morphological variations that occur in diseased hearts on this longitudinal stretch wave and the corresponding estimate of elasticity is not well understood and is an active area of research. This study investigated the sensitivity of longitudinal wave speed to material properties and chamber geometry parameters through numerical simulations using a finite element model of a bullet-shaped chamber with homogeneous isotropic linear elastic material properties. A longitudinal impulse displacement was applied to the base edge of the model to investigate wave propagation from this boundary. Parametric studies were performed for variables of interest related to geometry and material properties. The wave speeds estimated from simulation results were used to determine wave speed sensitivity to each variable. Wave speed was found to be a strong function of material elasticity and a weak function of chamber geometry and viscous damping. Simulated wave speed as a function of elasticity was in good agreement with wave speeds determined from an analytical expression for longitudinal wave speed in elastic thin plates. These promising preliminary results increase our understanding of how these parameters affect intrinsic longitudinal wave speed and warrant future studies addressing the impact of patient-specific model geometry, material anisotropy and hyperelasticity, and boundary conditions on wave speed.

The effects of morphological variation and polymer/polymer interface on the tensile modulus of binary polymer blends: a modeling approach

Abstract In this work, the effects of the morphological variation and the polymer/polymer interface on the tensile modulus of binary polymer blends were evaluated using a combined modeling method. The characteristics of the polymer/polymer interface region were evaluated using a neural network system and the results were used to improve the analytical model. The model accuracy was investigated by comparing its predictions with the tensile test results of some prepared iPP/PA blend samples and also some other data from literature which revealed an acceptable accuracy (error < 5%).

أثر المغایرة الصَّرفیَّة فی القرآن الکریم (دراسة فی البنیة والدَّلالة)

عنوان أثر الصرفية في القرآن الکريم، دراسة في البنية والدلالة يتضمن هذا البحث الصرفية في ألفاظ القرآن الکريم، والبحث في دلالة الصيغ المتشابهة، بحث في التنوع الأسلوبي؛ لأنه مرتبط بالتحليل اللغوي، فالمغايرة بين ظاهرة أسلوبية خاضعة للسياق، ترجع أهمية هذا الموضوع؛ لتعلقه بالقرآن الکريم، تميز البحث بالربط بين جوانب اللغة من: الدراسة الدلالية والدراسة الصرفية، والنحوية، البلاغية، والصوتية ودمج هذا الخليط کله؛ ليتحقق الهدف في معرفة مفهوم الصرفية في القرآن الکريم، ومعرفة الدقائق اللغوية والبلاغية في القرآن الکريم . من أهداف البحث: ضرورة دراسة الآيات المتشابهة لمعرفة أوجه الفرق، وربط الآيات المتشابهة بجوانب اللغة: النحوية، والصرفية، والدلالية، وبلاغية. المنهج المتبع في البحث: اعتمدت الباحثة على المنهج الوصفي، وقد جاء البحث في مبحثين تسبقهما مقدمة، وتليهما خاتمة، ثم ثبت بالمصادر والمراجع. المبحث الأول: المغايرة في صيغ الألفاظ وفيه: المطلب الأول: صيغ الأسماء المطلب الثاني: صيغ الأفعال المطلب الثالث: الصيغ بين الاسمية والفعلية المبحث الثاني: أحوال صيغ الألفاظ وفيه: المطلب الأول: التعريف والتنکير. المطلب الثاني: التذکير والتأنيث. المطلب الثالث: الأفراد والجمع. الخاتمة: تضمنت الخاتمة أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث. ثم ثبت بالمصادر والمراجع. الکلمات المفتاحية: البنية - الدلالة - التذکير التأنيث الأفراد الجمع الأسماء – الافعال. The effect of morphological heterogeneity in the Noble Qur’an (a study of structure and significance) Hind Mohammed Taha Shehata Assistant Professor, College of Science and Arts, Sarat Abidah, King Khalid University - Saudi Arabia. Lecturer, Department of Language Foundations - College of Islamic and Arabic Studies - Girls in Zagazig - Al-Azhar University. Email: hshehta@kku.edu.sa Abstract: title of the research is The effect of morphological variation in the Holy Qur’an, a study of structure and significance. This research includes morphological variation in the words of the Holy Qur’an, research in the significance of similar formulas, research in stylistic diversity; Because it is linked to linguistic analysis, the variance between terms is a stylistic phenomenon subject to the context, due to the importance of this topic; As it relates to the Noble Qur’an, the research was distinguished by linking aspects of the language: semantic study, morphological, grammatical, rhetorical, and phonological study and merging all of this mixture; To achieve the goal in knowing the concept of morphological variation in the Holy Quran, and knowledge of linguistic and rhetorical minutes in the Holy Quran. From Research Objectives: necessity of studying similar verses to know the aspects of difference, and linking similar verses to aspects of language: grammatical, morphological, semantic, and rhetoric. method followed in the research: researcher relied on the descriptive approach. research came in two studies preceded by an introduction, followed by a conclusion, and then proven by the sources and references. first topic: “variation in the formulas of words” and in it: the first requirement: “formulas for names” the second requirement: “formulas for verbs” second: masculine and feminization third requirement: individuals and plural Conclusion: conclusion included the most important findings of the research, then it was proven by the sources and references Key words: structure - connotation - masculine feminine individuals, plural nouns - verbs.

Possible effect of morphological variations of plantaris muscle tendon on harvesting at reconstruction surgery-case report

PurposeSeemingly a well-known, weak, and vestigial plantaris muscle should not be a revelation. However, recent studies have shown that this structure is incredibly underestimated and perceived only as an infirm flexor of the talocrural joint, the knee joint or a great source of graft tissue. Usually, the origin of this inconspicuous muscle begins at the lateral supracondylar line of the femur and the knee joint capsule. It continues distally, forming a long and slender tendon. In most cases, it inserts onto the calcaneal tuberosity on the medial side of the Achilles tendon. However, many morphological variations have been discovered during anatomical dissections and surgical procedures. Nevertheless, according to the present literature, no other studies presented such a complex insertion variant, with indisputable clinical value and significant proof of development of this forgotten muscle.MethodsThe dissection of the right thigh, knee, crural and talocrural region was performed using standard techniques according to a strictly specified protocol.ResultsFour different insertion points were observed. The first band (A) inserted near to the tarsal canal flexor retinaculum. The second band (B) bifurcates into two branches—B1 and B2. B1 is located on the medial side and B2 is located on the lateral side of the calcaneal tuberosity. The third band (C) is inserted into the superior nonarticular calcaneal surface of the calcaneus anteriorly to the Achilles tendon.ConclusionA differently shaped plantaris tendon could be considered a cause of harvesting procedure failure. In the light of new case reports perhaps what we are now witnessing is remodeling and transformation of the Plantaris muscle. If so, the awareness of the influence on the onset of Achilles midportion tendinopathy or a potential role in tibialis posterior conflict can be crucial for every clinician.

Corrosion rate modelling of biodegradable porous iron scaffold considering the effect of porosity and pore morphology.

Porous iron (Fe) has shown promising capabilities to be used as biodegradable material. However, to achieve the desired rate of degradation in porous Fe, there exists a need to develop a model explaining the effect of variation in morphology of the porous structure on the corrosion rate. Hence, in the present study, an empirical model for the prediction of the corrosion rate of porous Fe scaffold samples possessing different levels of porosity and pore morphology has been developed. To develop the model, Fe scaffold samples having random porous microporous structure and designed topologically ordered porous structures were fabricated using 3D printing and pressureless microwave sintering. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed to assess the corrosion properties of fabricated porous Fe scaffold samples in simulated body fluid solution at 37 °C. It was found that with an increase in random microporosity and the reduction in the size of the designed macropores, an increase in corrosion rate was obtained. Mathematical relationships between governing factors affecting corrosion rate (i.e. corrosion current and exposed surface area) and porosity were deduced. The developed model was validated with the experimental results and good agreement of predicted values with the experimental values was obtained with a maximum error of 6.97%.

Effect of filler particles morphology of resin-composites on cavity packing force for repeated condensation.

Effect of variation in morphology and size of filler particles, temperature and increase in condensation speed on packability of resincomposites was investigated. Eight experimental light-cured resin-composites (RZDn series) were tested. Each material was placed in a cylindrical mould at 26 or 32ºC. A flat-ended stainless-steel probe (φ=6 mm) was mechanically lowered with two different speeds 2 and 8 mm/s onto and into at the surface of the unset sample until a compressive force of 1 N was reached. This was repeated for five cycles, and from each cycle Fp was calculated. All spherical and irregular filler particle resin-composites showed a decrease in Fp with increase in number of compressions. Increase in temperature also decreased Fp, but this effect was not very prominent in the case of irregular filler resin-composites. Filler particle morphology, increase in temperature and compression cycle speed has a prominent effect on packability of resin-composites.

Correlation of nasal morphology to air-conditioning and clearance function

Nasal morphology plays an important functional role in the maintenance of upper airway health. Identification of functional regions, based on morphological attributes, assists in correlating location to primary purpose. The effects of morphological variation on heat and water mass transport in congested and patent nasal airways were investigated by examining nasal cross-sectional MRI images from 8 healthy subjects. This research confirms the previous identification of functional air-conditioning regions within the nose. The first is the anterior region where the morphology prevents over-stressing of tissue heat and fluid supply near the nares. The second is the mid region where low flow velocity favours olfaction and particle deposition. The third is the posterior region which demonstrates an increase in heat and water mass flux coefficients to compensate for rising air humidity and temperature. Factors identified within the congested airway that favour enhanced mucocillary clearance were also identified.

Effect of morphological variation on single seta force in eight gecko species

Effect of morphological variation on single seta force in eight gecko species

The effect of morphological variation on the sensitivity of lateral line neuromasts

Fish detect water flow with specialized structures of the lateral line system called neuromasts. Neuromasts are comprised of a cluster of hair cells that project kinocillia into a gelatinous cupula that is deflected by flow. The morphology of neuromasts dictate how fluid forces are transduced into mechanical stimuli by the hair cells. Analytical models predict that changes in morphology likely have a large effect on the mechanics of flow sensation. Therefore, we studied how differences in neuromast morphology in larval zebrafish (D. rerio) influence their sensitivity. This was achieved by morphometric analysis and mathematical modeling. In over 350 neuromasts that were imaged in 30 larvae, we recorded the dimensions of the cupula and kinocilia. We found that the shape and size of the neuromasts varied in ways that are predicted to greatly influence their sensitivity. Furthermore, this variation did not generally correlate with body position. One hypothesis for this high degree of variability is that observable neuromast morphology is the result of random wear and tear on the cupula rather than a consistently maintained form. One example of this is that total neuromast height may be constrained by the sloughing of cupular material from the end of the structure during free‐swimming activity. An investigation of pre‐hatch larvae supported this idea. It was found that the neuromasts of pre‐hatched individuals, which are insulated from wear, were longer than those of post‐hatch fish. Neuromasts in certain locations, such as those of the orbital canals, were consistently smaller than the body average suggesting that certain areas have developmentally ascribed differences in sensitivity but that in general the system must deal with a wide range of rapidly changing neuromast sensitivities.

Transport of methanol and protons through partially sulfonated polymer blend membranes for direct methanol fuel cell

The blend membranes with partially sulfonated polystyrene (sPS) and partially sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (sPPO) were prepared and the miscibility between two polymers, was investigated for a cheap proton exchange membrane. In particular, the effects of morphological variation on proton conductivity and methanol permeability for the blends of sPS/sPPO, which have the same ion exchange capacity (IEC), were also investigated. The comparison of Flory–Huggins interaction parameters ( χ) between the two ionomers based on the mean-field theory was made from the results of wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The transport properties of proton and methanol through the blend membranes were also studied. The blend membranes exhibited relatively higher proton conductivity and methanol permeability than those of single component, sPS and sPPO, respectively. The feasibility test of suitable polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was compared with Nafion ® 117 (Dupont).

Drug release characteristics of phase separation pHEMA sponge materials

A number of phase separation pHEMA sponge hydrogels have been prepared based on variations in monomer contents, concentration of cross-linking agent, solvent mixture and temperature of polymerization. The loading levels and release profiles of the anti-inflammatory drug prednisolone were examined for each of the pHEMA sponge materials. An effective diffusion coefficient determined by an optimization approach based on the experimental data was used to measure their release characteristics. The effect of morphological variations, revealed by the environmental scanning electron microscopy, and polymer/solvent volume fractions on these properties were discussed.