Effect Of Titanate Coupling Agent Research Articles

Effect of titanate coupling agent on antioxidant property and UV blocking property of PBAT/lignin composite films

Effect of titanate coupling agent on antioxidant property and UV blocking property of PBAT/lignin composite films

Study on the performance and mechanism of modified mica for improving polypropylene composites

Abstract Polypropylene (PP) has the most extensive plastics of plastics because of the advantages of simplicity, easy processing, high mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance and electrical insulation. The application of PP has limitations in many fields because it is lack of formation shrinkage, low modulus, poor thermal stability, strong gap and low temperature and cracking. The addition of mineral fillers can not only improve their performance, not just the PP/mineral filler composite materials required, but also reduce the cost of the material. Therefore, in this paper, lamellar mica was selected as mineral filler to modify the surface of PP. The effects of titanate coupling agent and silane coupling agent modified mica, and their addition on the properties of PP were systematically studied. KH-570 modification increases the tensile strength, bending strength and modulus of the composites, while JN-114 and KH-570 can effectively improve the toughness and processability of PP composites. The interaction between modifier and mica was analyzed comprehensively by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the effect mechanism of mica on the properties of PP was discussed by scanning electron microscope. The results show that different modified mica as mineral filler and PP can produce synergistic effect.

Improvement of adhesion performance between modified phenolic and stainless steels by titanate coupling agent treatment

Compared with the phenolic, the boron phenolic has a significant advantage due to its heat resistance and toughness as adhesive. Although silane and titanate coupling agents have widely proven to improve the compatibility of fillers with resins, the detailed effects of titanate coupling agent on improving the bonding interface between boron phenolic and steel have rarely been explored in this sense. This study has explored the adhesion between the phenolic adhesive and stainless steels (SS) by the surface modification of the SS with titanate coupling agents. Contact angle test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the surface properties of SS. Moreover, the adhesion strength was measured by the lap-shear tensile test. The results show that the polar part of the surface energy of the SS decreases after treatment by a titanate coupling agent. The adhesive strength increases from 26.21 to 35.37 MPa with increase in the concentration of the coupling agent and exhibits its ultimate adhesion strength of 39.56 MPa at 2%. With further increase in concentration, the adhesion strength gradually decreases. The increase in adhesion could be due to the reaction of the coupling agent with iron oxide or hydroxyl on the surface of the steel sheet to form a chemical bond, and thus a ‘molecular bridge’ between the adhesive and the steel.

Effects of Titanate Coupling Agent on Engineering Properties of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures Incorporating LLDPE-CaCO3 Pellet

This study was initiated to evaluate the performance of asphalt binders and mixtures incorporating linear low-density polyethylene- calcium carbonate (LLDPE-CaCO3) pellet, either with or without titanate coupling agent. The detailed manufacturing process of modifier pellets was displayed. The coupling agent was used to enhance the cross-linking between materials by means of winding up covalent bonds or molecule chains, thus improving the performance of composites. In the preparation of modified bitumen, the preheated asphalt binder was mixed with the modifiers using a high shear mixer at 5000 rpm rotational speed for 45 min. Experimental works were conducted to evaluate the performance of asphalt binders in terms of volatile loss, viscosity, rutting potential, and low temperature cracking. Meanwhile, the asphalt mixtures were tested using the flow number test and tensile strength ratio (TSR) test. The addition of LLDPE-CaCO3 modifiers and coupling agent does not significantly affect the volatile loss of modified asphalt binders. The addition of modifiers and coupling agent has significantly improved the resistance to permanent deformation of asphalt binders. Even though, the addition of LLDPE-CaCO3 modifier and coupling agent remarkably increased the mixture stiffness that contributed to lower rutting potential, the resistance to low temperature cracking of asphalt binder was not adversely affected. The combination of 1% coupling agent with 3% PECC is optimum dosage for asphalt binder to have satisfactory performance in resistance to moisture damage and rutting.

Studies on effect of titanate-coupling agent (0.5, 1.5, and 2.5%) on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of fly ash–filled polypropylene composites

The present article studies the effect of treatment of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5% titanate-coupling agent (LICA 38) on various properties of fly ash–filled polypropylene (PP) composites. The fly ash content varied from 0 to 30 wt%. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composite material were evaluated, and microstructure investigated through scanning electron microscopy. Experimental results were compared with various existing models. Experimental data for tensile yield strength showed good fit to the existing models. Adhesion parameter or interfacial interaction was also evaluated though Pukanszky model. The values of yield stress and breaking strength of treated fly ash–based composites showed higher values compared to that of untreated fly ash–filled PP composites at corresponding filler content. The overall mechanical properties of fly ash–filled composites are essentially decided by wettability of the filler. It is also found that Vicat softening point improved with the addition of fly ash filler. Morphological studies of the tensile fracture surfaces of the composites revealed that the presence of titanate-coupling agent increased the interfacial interaction between fly ash and PP. It also improved the dispersion of fly ash in PP matrix. Thus, the treatment resulted in improvement in mechanical and thermal properties of the composites as compared to untreated fly ash–filled composites. The overall results showed that fly ash dispersion and interfacial adhesion are greatly affected by the amount of the coupling agent.

Effects of titanate coupling agent on the dielectric properties of NiZn ferrite powders–epoxy resin coatings

During ferrite powder–polymer resin slurry preparation, the ferrite particles tend to hold together, forming agglomerates, which lead to the formation of micro-structural defects in the ferrite powder–polymer coatings. These defects affect the quality of magnetic devices. In this study, the titanate coupling agent effects on the NiZn ferrites powder dispersion in an epoxy resin and solvent system and the electromagnetic properties of NiZn ferrite powders–epoxy resin composite coatings are investigated. It was observed that the dispersion of NiZn ferrite powders and the affinity of NiZn ferrites and epoxy resin can be substantially enhanced by coating a titanate coupling agent onto the ferrite powder surfaces. This coating promotes mixing homogeneity and increases the dielectric constants at low frequencies (below 100 Hz) due to the increase in phase boundary between the NiZn ferrite powders and epoxy resin.

Effects of titanate coupling agent on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/hydroxyapatite denture base composites

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/hydroxyapatite (HA) denture base composites were prepared using heat-processing polymers powder–liquid method, according to dental laboratory practice. The HA was pre-treated by isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate coupling agent (TCA) in order to improve the interfacial bonding between HA and PMMA. The effects of different concentration of titanate coupling agent (i.e., 2–8%) on the mechanical and morphological properties of PMMA were investigated. It was found that PMMA/2% TCA-treated HA composites exhibited higher flexural modulus and strength compared to PMMA/untreated HA composites. This is attributed to the enhanced interfacial interaction between PMMA and HA by the titanate coupling agent. However, for the PMMA/HA treated with 6% and 8% of TCA, the flexural properties was slightly reduced, which may associated to the plasticizing effects caused by excessive concentration of coupling agent. In addition, the fracture toughness properties of PMMA/5HA composites were influenced by the different concentration of TCA. The thermal properties of the PMMA/HA composites were enhanced by the treatment of titanate coupling agent.

Comparative Studies on the Effect of Titanate Coupling Agent on the Mechanical Properties of Zinc Oxide-Filled Chloroprene and Natural Rubber

Comparative Studies on the Effect of Titanate Coupling Agent on the Mechanical Properties of Zinc Oxide-Filled Chloroprene and Natural Rubber

Effect of Titanate Coupling Agent on the Mechanical Properties of Flyash Filled Chloroprene Rubber

ABSTRACT Effects of treatment of coupling agent [(neopentyl (diallyl) oxy, trineodecanonyl titanate) (LICA 01)] on mechanical properties of composites made from chloroprene rubber and flyash is reported here. A 1% coupling agent was selected for the treatment of the flyash filler. The treatment resulted in enhancement of mechanical properties of composites of the said rubber when compared with untreated flyash composites separately. The properties under consideration were tensile strength, moduli at 100% and 400%, Young's modulus, hardness, etc. Tensile strength was improved by 1365%, modulus at 400% was found to improve by 1410%, while Young's modulus was improved by 1216%.

Effect of titanate coupling agent on the mechanical, thermal, dielectric, rheological, and morphological properties of filled nylon 6

AbstractFillers are used along with various commodity as well as engineering polymers to improve the properties of polymers. The performance of filled polymers is generally decided on the basis of the interface attraction of filler and polymers. Fillers of widely varying particle size and surface characteristics are responsive to the interfacial interactions with polymers. The present study deals with the effect of a coupling agent, tetra isopropyl titanate (TPT), on the properties of flyash filled nylon 6. It is observed that tensile strength, impact strength, and heat distortion temperature improved with the addition of TPT as compared to without the coupling agent filled nylon 6. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 266–272, 2006

Effects of titanate coupling agent on the properties of mica-reinforced nylon-6 composites

Particulate-reinforced thermoplastic composites are designed to improve the properties and to lower the overall cost of engineering polymers. In general, the performance of filled polymers is decided on the basis of the interface attraction of filler and polymers. Therefore, a coupling agent, tetra isopropyl titanate (TYZOR TPT), was used to facilitate the link between filler and matrix (the latter consisting of nylon-6). Mica of different particle sizes (37 and 75 μm) was used. Filler (75 μm mica) was added to the matrix at a 30 wt% concentration. TPT at various concentrations was used to determine the optimal concentration (1 wt%), and henceforth to treat both particle sizes of mica. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, and heat distortion temperature were significantly improved with the incorporation of TPT (1 wt%). Morphological studies revealed strong interfacial interactions between the filler and the matrix on incorporating TPT. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1479–1486, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers

Effect of titanate coupling agent on the mechanical properties of flyash filled styrene butadiene

Attempts have been made for utilization of flyash as a filler in elastomers as it is a waste product of thermal power stations, generated in huge quantities and has been posing problems of disposal. It is used as a fillerfor rubbers and plastics to a very small extent. It has been established that flyash does not at all contribute in enhancing mechanical properties of composites. The purpose of this work was to make meaningful utilization of flyash as a filler, by treating it with silane coupling agent LICA 01 i.e. neopentyl (dlallyl)oxy, trineodecanonyl titanate. Composites of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) containing treated and untreated flyash were made with varying proportions. A two-roll mill was used for dispersing the filler in the rubber and compression molding technique was used to cure the compounded material in sheet form. Tensile properties were measured on a computerized UTM using ASTM procedure. Comparison of properties of composites filled with treated and untreated flyash established that the treatment with flyash imparts better reinforcing properties. Tensile strength was improved by 13% while modulus at 400% and Young's modulus were improved by 198 and 17% respectively at the volume fraction (0.42).

Studies on the effect of titanate coupling agent (2.0%) on the mechanical properties of flyash‐filled polybutadiene rubber

AbstractFlyash, a waste product of thermal power stations, generated in huge quantities, has been posing problems of disposal. Attempts have been made for its utilization as a filler in elastomers and plastics; however, it has been established that untreated flyash does not at all contribute in enhancing mechanical properties of composites. The purpose of this work was to make meaningful utilization of flyash as a filler, by treating it with a titanate coupling agent and to use it as a filler in PBR. The properties under consideration were tensile strength, modulus at 100 and 400%, Young's modulus, hardness, etc. Composites were made with varying proportion of untreated and treated flyash. A two‐roll mill was used for dispersing the filler in the rubber, and a compression‐molding technique was used to cure the compound in sheet form. Tensile properties were measured on a computerized UTM using an ASTM procedure. Comparison of properties of composites filled with treated and untreated flyash established that treatment of flyash imparts better reinforcing properties. Tensile strength was improved by 50%, while modulus at 400% was improved by 400%. Similarly, Young's modulus also was improved by 209%. The Titanate‐coupling agent used here has promoted adhesion between flyash and the PBR. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1293–1298, 2004

Effect of titanate coupling agent on the mechanical properties of clay‐filled polybutadiene rubber

AbstractClays belong to an economic class of fillers, which are used extensively in rubbers and plastics. Being nonreinforcing in nature, there are limitations upon its use. If the properties of filler are modified, it will get a higher value as a filler. To achieve this modification of surface properties is one of the avenues. In the present work, the effect of treatment of the coupling agent on clay has been studied, with polybutadiene as a matrix. Composites were made with a varying proportion of untreated and treated clay. A two‐roll mill was used for dispersing the filler in the rubber, and a compression‐molding technique was used to cure the compounded in sheet forms. Tensile properties were measured on a computerized UTM using the ASTM procedure. Comparison of properties of composites filled with treated and untreated clay established that treatment of clay imparts better reinforcing properties. The properties under consideration were tensile strength, modulus at 100 and 400%, Young's modulus, hardness, etc. Tensile strength was improved by 52%, while modulus at 400% was improved by 150%. Similarly Young's modulus also was improved by 27%. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1299–1304, 2004

Effects of titanate coupling agent on rheological behaviour, dispersion characteristics and mechanical properties of talc filled polypropylene

A commercially available titanate coupling agent, LICA 12 from Kenrich Petrochemicals was used to study its effect on talc filled polypropylene. It was found that the melt viscosity of the filled PP decreased and dispersion quality was improved in the presence of coupling agent. Further investigation on molecular weight distribution (MWD) shows that polypropylene (PP) molecules have undergone some chain scission and coupling reactions resulting in a broader MWD. Glass transition temperature ( T g) measurement revealed the plasticising effect caused by coupling agent, which has imparted changes in morphological character and mechanical properties. Tensile and flexural properties were observed to decrease whilst impact and elongation properties were improved with the incorporation of coupling agent in the filled system.

Effect of titanate coupling agent on electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness and mechanical properties of PC–ABS–NCF composite

AbstractNickel‐coated carbon fibers (NCF) treated with a coupling agent (CA) have been used for preparing composites of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene (ABS) (90/10%) by melt blending. These composites have been evaluated for electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), mechanical properties, dispersion, and adhesion of the polymer to a filler using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). There is an improvement in the EMI SE, tensile strength, and impact strength of the composite when the carbon fiber is coupled with titanate CA. In loading NCF in composite, the optimum concentration of the CA Lica 38 used is about 2.0 phf combined with 1.5 phf calcium stearate (Ca.st.) (on the weight percentage of fillers); the composite can reach an SE of 50 dB by the coaxial transmission line test method.

Studies of the effect of titanate coupling agent on the performance of polypropylene–calcium carbonate composite

Composites of polypropylene—CaCO3 coated with isopropoxy triisostearoyl titanate have been prepared on Buss Ko-Kneader. These composites have been evaluated for mechanical properties, melt index, dispersion, and adhesion of polymer to filler using the scanning electron microscope. Calcium carbonate being a platelike substance with low aspect ratio results in composites having inferior tensile properties but superior impact characteristics. Uniform dispersion of filler in the composite and long alkyl chains of the coupling agent provide additional advantages such as improved melt index, higher tensile elongation, and better optical properties.