Effects Of Sustained Loading Research Articles

Durability of partially cured GFRP reinforcing bars in alkaline environments with or without sustained tensile load

Corrosion of steel reinforcing bars (rebars) in reinforced concrete structures can be addressed by using corrosion-resistant materials like Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP). However, in France, FRP rebars are primarily restricted to temporary applications due to lack of comprehensive durability data. While numerous studies have explored FRP durability in alkaline environments, understanding the combined effect of alkali ions and sustained loading remains limited. Furthermore, the impact of incomplete matrix curing on the long-term performance of FRP rebars is limited.Accordingly, this paper investigates the durability of Glass FRP (GFRP) rebars exposed to alkali environments at varying temperatures. A batch of partially cured rebars was selected for this study, with part of them undergoing post-curing to investigate the effect of curing state on the ageing behaviour. Additionally, some partially cured specimens were subjected to combined sustained tensile loading at 20 % and 40 % of ultimate strength. Mechanical, physico-chemical and microstructural characterizations were conducted after various exposure durations. Results revealed that incomplete curing minimally impacted long-term tensile properties but significantly affected the interlaminar shear strength of aged rebars. Moreover, applying a combined load had little influence on residual properties at 20°C but led to rapid reduction in GFRP residual tensile strength at higher ageing temperatures (40 and 60°C).

Durability of glass FRP bar‐reinforced seawater–sea sand concrete beams under sustained loading in a subtropical coastal environment

AbstractThe replacement of conventional bars with fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) bars in seawater–sea sand concrete (SSC) structures is a promising method for sustainable construction. To promote the engineering application of the aforementioned structures, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the concerns regarding the durability of SSC beams reinforced with GFRP bars. For this purpose, three‐point bending tests were conducted on GFRP bar‐reinforced SSC beams to examine the coupled effects of sustained loading and exposure to a subtropical coastal environment on the flexural behavior of exposed SSC beams. The test results revealed that SSC beams reinforced with GFRP bars exhibited excellent durability in a subtropical coastal environment. The coupled effect of sustained loading and exposure to the subtropical coastal environment had an insignificant negative influence on the ultimate flexural capacity of GFRP bar‐reinforced SSC beams at 540 days of age. The failure mechanism of the exposed GFRP bar‐reinforced SSC beams was concrete crushing due to overreinforcement. Finally, the flexural capacity of the exposed beams was predicted by a function of the degradation in the tensile strength of the GFRP bars.Highlights The coupled effects of loading and environmental exposure on GFRP‐SSC beams were examined. The failure mechanisms of the exposed GFRP‐SSC beams was investigated. The long‐term flexural capacity of the GFRP‐SSC beams was predicted.

Design of Glass Handrails

Glass handrail loading and design in the United States lags behind best practice in other parts of the world. Improvements are possible for the design load, residual capacity and damage-event loading, each of which could be based on occupancy. Neither static loading nor impactor testing accounts for the dynamic effects of sustained loading to handrails during crowd load events. Alternate configurations for improved robustness at similar size and cost are presented.

Flexural performance and damage of reinforced fly ash and slag-based geopolymer concrete after coupling effect of freeze-thaw cycles and sustained loading

To better represent field conditions, the bending performance of reinforced geopolymer concrete (GPC) beams after the coupling effect of freeze-thaw cycling and sustained flexural load was investigated. Two types of GPC (G10 and G50) with different content of fly ash and slag were included and compared with ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC). The mechanical strength of concrete and bond strength of rebars in concrete before and after freeze-thaw cycles were measured. It was found that the frost resistance of G10 was the weakest followed by OPC and G50. Three scenarios of bending tests on reinforced concrete beams were included: (1) control (without freeze-thaw damage); (2) individual freeze-thaw cycling; (3) coupling effect before bending. Rebound tests were conducted to evaluate frost damages at different areas of the beams as the base to analyze bending behaviors of the beams. The failure mode, load-displacement(strain) relationship, ultimate flexural strength, and bending stiffness of beams from bending tests are analyzed. All beams in scenario (1) were dominant in flexural failure. For scenario (2), G10 and G50 failed in debonding failure due to significant reduction in bond strength, while OPC failed in diagonal tension failure as OPC could sustain bond stiffness, thus preventing debonding failure. For scenario (3), damages in GPC were exacerbated, while damages in OPC were limited.

Synergistic effects of different ageing environments and sustained flexural loading on the durability of pultruded GFRP profiles

This paper presents an experimental study about the synergistic effects between different exposure environments, likely to be found in civil engineering applications, and sustained flexural loading on the durability of pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) profiles. Two off-the-shelf GFRP profiles, comprising E-glass fibres and vinyl ester or unsaturated polyester resins, were subjected to sustained bending at service load levels corresponding to 10% and 20% of their flexural capacity; simultaneously, the profiles were exposed to the following three ageing environments, for periods of up to two years: (i) outdoor environmental exposure in a mild Mediterranean climate; (ii) hygrothermal exposure by continuous condensation at 20 (±2) °C, and (iii) indoor controlled environment at 23 (±2) °C and 50 (±10)% relative humidity. The environmental exposure caused reductions in the flexural strength of unloaded specimens of 4%–15%, which were higher in case of hygrothermal exposure. The sustained service loads acting synergistically with the different ageing environments caused negligible additional degradation of the flexural strength of both types of profiles. These results, together with the data available in the literature, indicate that for the service load levels found in civil engineering applications, durability studies can be carried out without considering the synergistic effects of sustained loading, significantly reducing their complexity.

Long-term shear performance of concrete beam with carbon fiber-reinforced composite grid stirrups under sustained loadings and seawater immersion

Using carbon fiber-reinforced composite (CFRP) grid stirrups to replace traditional steel stirrups in reinforced concrete (RC) beams can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of structures in marine environments. In this study, the durability of RC beams with CFRP grid stirrups under the coupled effects of sustained loads and immersion in seawater was studied. The sustained loads were set at 24% and 48% of the ultimate bearing capacity of the RC beam, and the specimens were immersed in artificial seawater at room temperature for 90 days, 180 days, and 360 days, respectively. The crack load and shear capacity of the beam were measured at the scheduled time. The initial stiffness of the beam decreased as the immersion time increased, and the higher the sustained load was, the lower the initial stiffness of the conditioned beam. The contribution of the CFRP grid stirrup to the shear load capacity after the cracking load was reached was more significant than that before. The effects of the 48% sustained load on the ultimate tensile strain of the CFRP stirrup were more significant than those for the 24% sustained load. Both immersion and sustained loading improved the cracking load and shear capacity of the beam, and the contribution of sustained loading to the shear capacity decreased as the immersion time and the sustained load level increased. Equations were proposed for predicting the shear strength of RC beams with CFRP grid stirrups under sustained loading and seawater immersion.

Performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC)-filled steel tubular (FST) members and K-joints under lateral impact

A series of tests are conducted on 26 recycle aggregate concrete (RAC)-filled steel tubular (FST) members and 25 RAC-FST K-joints on a drop hammer rig. Salient parameters considered in the experimental program include the axial load ratio, the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), the height of the hammer and the application of combined corrosion and sustained loading, et al. The shrinkage and creep deformation of core RAC is measured for 185 days, and the influence of key parameters on the structural performance of both RAC-FST members and K-joints are analyzed. A finite element (FE) model is established and verified against the test results. Considering the effects of combined chloride corrosion and sustained loading, the FE model is successively employed to investigate the behaviour of RAC-FST members and K-joints under lateral impact, including the failure mode, the time history relationships of impact load and deflection, the distribution of internal force and stress, et al. The axial compression performance of the member and the chords of K-joints after being subjected to combined loading is evaluated. On the basis of the parametric analysis, simplified models considering the effects of chloride corrosion and sustained loading are obtained to calculate the dynamic flexural capacity of the RAC-FST members and the chords of RAC-FST K-joints under impact loads.

Experimental Study on the Flexural Performance of Composite Beams with Corrugated Steel Webs under the Coupled Effect of Chloride Ion Erosion and Sustained Load

The steel corrosion of composite beams with corrugated steel webs (CBCSWs) is prone to occur in a chloride environment, and the load can change the rate of steel corrosion, thereby affecting the degradation of the mechanical properties of CBCSWs. In this paper, the flexural behavior of CBCSWs under the coupled effect of chloride ion erosion and sustained load was studied through an accelerated corrosion test and bending failure test. The results showed that, during the accelerated corrosion test, the deflection at the mid-span of the corroded CBCSWs increased more and faster than that of the uncorroded CBCSWs, and the stress of the externally prestressed tendons of the CBCSWs did not change significantly. During the loading failure process, the relative slip between the web and the concrete plates of the corroded CBCSWs had not been fully developed. The ultimate load and ultimate deflection of the corroded CBCSWs were decreased by 41.1% and 17.9%, respectively, compared to those of the CBCSWs before corrosion. The quasi-plane section assumption was still approximately applicable to the corroded CBCSWs. Compared with the uncorroded CBCSWs, the shear lag effect of the top plate of the corroded CBCSWs was more obvious. The externally prestressed tendons of the corroded CBCSWs could not give full play to their performance during the process of loading failure.

Coupled effects of simultaneous autogenous self-healing and sustained flexural loading in cementitious materials

The self-healing efficiency of cementitious materials might be impaired by external loading. This study investigates the coupled effects of sustained flexural loading and self-healing mechanisms. To this end, prismatic mortar specimens were pre-cracked at two days with 10-μm wide cracks under bending. Some beams were then immersed for healing and simultaneously loaded for about 4 weeks using an innovative three-point bending test device allowing bending creep displacement measurement. At the same time, reference beams were immersed without load. After the healing period, the specimens were reloaded to assess the effect of creep and healing on the stiffness and strength recovery. It was found that, during immersion, the creep deformation gradually decreased with time, probably due to the precipitation of healing products. However, after immersion, the mechanical properties recovery of specimens undergoing creep during self-healing decreased by 12 % compared to the reference specimens. Microscopic observations were consistent with the mechanical recovery measurements, suggesting partial healing of the loaded specimens.

Flexural behavior of long-term loaded RC beams strengthened by ultra-high performance concrete

This study aims to investigate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) after being loaded with long-term sustained loads for more than 20 years. Seven RC beams, originally fabricated in 1998, are categorized as the one-time pouring unnotched beam (Overall beam), one-time pouring notched beam (Notched beam), and two-time pouring beam (Repaired beam). These RC beams were firstly tested under the effect of long-term sustained loads which lasted 23.6 years. Subsequently, notched beams were strengthened using UHPC (hereafter named as Strengthened beam), which are tested under four-point bending test to investigate the significance of strengthening using the UHPC. Long-term load effects on the flexural performance of RC beams, including creep, cracking, concrete carbonization, and steel rebar corrosion were tested and analyzed. Test results showed that the maximum carbonization depth was less than the concrete cover depth and the steel rebars corrosion was among 1.51–2.47%, which indicates that the steel rebars inside the beam are well protected and are almost free of rust. The bearing capacity of the strengthened beams were increased by 24.6–48.6% compared with that of the Notched beam, which emphasizes the significance of strengthening using the UHPC. The displacement ductility of the strengthened beams was decreased by 82–94% compared with that of the Overall beam, however no brittle failure was observed during the test. It is worth mentioning that the internal changes, caused by the long-term sustained loading, could not be completely changed by adopting UHPC strengthening, while the stiffness reduction caused by long-term loading considerably influenced the flexural behavior of the UHPC strengthened beams. In addition, more attention shall be paid to the UHPC-NC vertical interface which remarkably affected the flexural performance of the Strengthened beams.

Effects of sustained load and reinforcement spacing on the evolution and spatial characteristics of corrosion damages in RC segmental specimens

Because of the combined actions of sustained load and corrosive agents, premature steel corrosion and rapid material deterioration can be extensively observed in the reinforced concrete (RC) shield tunnels in an aggressive environment. Such a degradation accompanies with diverse corrosion damages in segmental lining, such as nonuniform steel corrosion and crisscrossed cracks on concrete surface, which shall be exacerbated due to congested steel arrangements and complex stress states in segment. In this paper, a corrosion-accelerated experiment on RC specimens in a tunnel segment was conducted by employing galvanostatic method and a designed loading system. Multiple rebars with different spacing distances were considered in two types of RC specimen. Deterioration damage evolution of RC specimens, including deterioration deformation and surface cracking patterns, has been investigated with an emphasis on the influence of sustained load and interaction of corroded rebars. Both visual inspection and distributed optical fiber sensing technology were applied to track the surface concrete cracking of bearing specimens. Meanwhile, the spatial variability of steel corrosion in bearing specimens was elaborated. The impacts of applied tensile load and reinforcement spacing on the spatial correlation of steel corrosion in longitudinal and transverse directions of rebars were experimentally illustrated. The experimental findings can help in improving the probabilistic model associated with nonuniform steel corrosion of several spaced rebars in tension and identifying the extent of corrosion damages in the load-bearing RC segments.

Experimental Investigation of Cumulative Damage and Self-Healing Properties of Smart Cementitious Composite under Continuous Compression Load.

This study investigated the effect of sustained loading on the cumulative damage of a newly developed smart cement-based self-healing composite material (SMA-ECC). SMA-ECC is composed of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers. A uniaxial compressive test with five predefined loading levels (0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of compressive strength) was conducted on SMA-ECC hollow-cylindrical specimens and ECC control hollow-cylindrical specimens. The cumulative damage was mainly determined by changes in the total water absorption of different groups of specimens during three different periods (not loaded, at a predefined loading level, and after unloading). A normalized water content index was proposed to couple the effects of self-healing, sustained loading, and cumulative damage. The test results indicate that the cumulative water absorption of SMA-ECC was 35% lower than that of ECC, which may indicate less irreparable damage. In addition, the self-healing ability of SMA-ECC specimens under different compression load levels was evaluated through normalized water content analysis. SMA-ECC exhibited a 100% repair rate at load levels of 30% and 40%. At a higher load level of 60%, the repair rate of SMA-ECC was 76%. These results collectively emphasize the significant impermeability and self-healing performance of SMA-ECC after unloading.

Shear performance degradation of basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer bars in seawater environments: Coupled effects of seawater sea‐sand geopolymer mortar coatings and sustained loading

AbstractGeopolymers, as a promising substitute for ordinary cement, exhibit different coating effects with regard to the durability of basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars. In this study, a comparative investigation was carried out on the shear performance of prestressed BFRP bars coated with seawater sea‐sand geopolymer mortar (SSGM). The alkaline content of the SSGM was 4% or 6%. The prestress level was 20% of the ultimate tensile strength at room temperature. The immersion temperatures were room temperature (RT), 40, or 60°C. Interlaminar shear tests and transverse shear tests were conducted at each period (30, 60, 120, and 240 days). The results showed that BFRP bar coated with 6% alkaline content exhibited a slightly higher degradation of shear strength. Furthermore, the prestress developed microcracks in the bars and weakened the interface between the fiber and resin matrix, particular at the elevated temperature. This led to further degradation of the BFRP bars. Additionally, a comparison was made between the shear strength results of BFRP bars coated with SSGM and those coated with ordinary portland concrete or seawater sea‐sand concrete, revealing that the long‐term shear performance of BFRP bars was less negatively impacted by the SSGM coating.Highlights Coupled effects of SSGM coatings and sustained loading on the degradation of BFRP bars are investigated. SSGM provides better protection for BFRP bars than cement‐base concrete. Alkaline content of activator in SSGM has insignificant impact on the BFRP degradation.

Effect of sustained load on fatigue crack growth behavior of FGH96 at elevated temperature

Accurate prediction of fatigue crack growth behavior is crucial to damage tolerance assessment of turbine disk. Powder nickel-based superalloy is a kind of preferred material of turbine disk. For the purpose of better understanding the characteristics of its crack growth behavior under dwell fatigue conditions at elevated temperature, dwell fatigue crack growth tests of powder nickel-based superalloy FGH96 were conducted with compliance method at three temperatures (600℃, 650℃, 700℃) and multiple dwell time conditions (from 0 s to 60 s). The results show that sustained load can accelerate fatigue crack growth rate of FGH96 significantly at high temperature, and it is more pronounced with higher temperature and prolonged dwell time. At higher ΔK level, the acceleration effect brought by sustained load seems to diminish, this is ascribed to rapid crack growth rate which leads to insufficient time for time-dependent damage occurring at crack tip zone. The effect of temperature on dwell fatigue crack growth rate is more remarkable from 650℃ to 700℃, compared with that from 600℃ to 650℃. The fatigue crack growth resistance of FGH96 is sensitive to sustained load at 700℃, just 1 s dwell loading can produce remarkable acceleration effect on fatigue crack growth rate. The time-dependent crack extension in a loading cycle increases with dwell time in a decelerated manner. Finally, A phenomenological-based crack growth model considering time-dependent damage was proposed, the comparation between the proposed model and the experiment data confirms that it works well for a wide range of temperature and dwell time.

Bond durability of FRP bars and seawater–sea sand–geopolymer concrete: Coupled effects of seawater immersion and sustained load

Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP)-reinforced seawater–sea sand–geopolymer concrete (SSGC) structures combine the advantages of corrosion-free FRP bars in marine environments and the direct utilization of seawater and sea sand, fly ash, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), which can lead to a reduction in carbon emissions and promote sustainable development in civil engineering. This study explores the combined effects of seawater immersion (laboratory condition, ∼26 °C) and sustained load (60% ultimate interface bond strength) on the durability of the interface between FRP bars and SSGC by pull-out tests. The test parameters included FRP bar type and immersion duration (60 and 180 days). River sand and freshwater geopolymer concrete (RSGC) were used for comparison. The properties of the SSGC were also studied to reveal the impact on the interface performance. The results showed that the increase in GGBS content reduced the setting time but was beneficial for improving the compressive strength of the concretes at 28 d due to the large amount of calcium ions contained in the GGBS. The increase in Na2SiO3 content increased N-A-S-H, resulting in a dense cementitious material; compressive strength increased, and the axial ultimate strain of concrete decreased. The long-term performances of SSGC and RSGC in a seawater immersion environment were similar and characterized by reduced strength and enhanced brittleness. The bonding strength between the FRP bar–concrete interface decreased due to the decreased concrete strength under seawater immersion. As the immersion time increased, the fibre fractured under the effects of sustained load, leading to an increase in the bond strength degradation. The bond–slip constitutive model was analysed based on existing models.

Numerical modelling of plate anchors under sustained load: The enhancement of capacity from consolidation

Embedded plate anchors can be used to moor floating offshore facilities. In taut mooring systems, a sustained tension carried by the anchors affects their long-term capacity due to consolidation effects in the soil surrounding the anchor. The resulting gain in capacity provides a potential basis for more efficient anchoring system design. To quantify this effect, and to understand the underlying mechanism, a systematic numerical study has been performed, to capture the effect of sustained loading and consolidation on soil failure mechanisms around an embedded plate anchor. The modified Cam clay model is used, to capture the effect of consolidation on soil strength, and also to faithfully model the process by which a water-filled gap forms under the plate, due to a loss of contact between the plate and the soil, with seepage into the gap zone. A critical observation is the load transfer process when such a gap forms beneath the plate after the applied tension causes the effective stress to fall to zero. The formation of this gap is shown to depend, in a systematic way, on the sustained tension, or preload, the soil strength ratio, the relative sharing of the anchor load between compression above the plate and tension below, as well as the embedded depth of the anchor. Simple relationships that capture these mechanisms are provided, linking the net change in soil strength above and below the anchor to the change in undrained capacity. As an example, it is shown that in soft normally-consolidated clays, a sustained preload of 60 % of the initial capacity, can create a 25 % gain in capacity, at which point the factor of safety is raised from 1/0.6 = 1.67 to 2. This gain is only available for anchors embedded by more than twice their diameter. At shallower embedment, the loss of strength in the unloaded soil beneath the anchor outweighs the gain in strength in the smaller zone of soil above the anchor, and the consolidation process causes a net weakening.

Synergistic effects of sustained loading and sulfate attack on the damage of UHPC based on lightweight aggregate

This paper presents an experimental study on the damage progress of lightweight ultra-high performance concrete (LUHPC) subject to sulfate attack under flexural loading. Two different loading environments (natural curing and 15% Na2SO4 solution immersion), which contain three different stress levels and both tensile and compressive regions, are applied in this test. The research results indicate that the damage of LUHPC was increased with the increasing stress level and loading age, which was manifested by the increase of sulfate ion content in the surface layer and the decline of the overall mechanical properties of LUHPC. The lightweight aggregate avoids the expansion damage of LUHPC by absorbing the surrounding excess sulfate ions. In the tensile region, loading accelerate the sulfate attack of the LUHPC, while in the compressive region, loading improve resistance of LUHPC against sulfate attack and this effect is more obvious with the increase of stress levels. Compared with the loading group, the mechanical properties of the LUHPC under loading-sulfate attack decreased less, and the microstructure was denser, indicating a significant synergistic effect between sustained loading and sulfate attack.

Durability of GFRP bar-reinforced seawater–sea sand concrete beams: Coupled effects of sustained loading and exposure to a chloride environment

Seawater–sea sand concrete (SWSSC) structures reinforced with glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars can favour the eco-construction of marine infrastructure. This study aimed to investigate the coupling effects of sustained loading and exposure to a chloride environment on the durability of GFRP bar-reinforced SWSSC beams. Two types of specimens were designed and tested: (1) GFRP bars covered with SWSSC to simulate GFRP bars within the beams and (2) GFRP bar-reinforced SWSSC beams. An accelerated ageing environment imposed on the specimens by wet-dry cycles in saline solution containing 3.5 % NaCl. The relationship between the degradation of the GFRP bars and conditioned beams were investigated. The results showed that SWSSC exhibited a better cooperative performance with GFRP bars than with conventional bars, resulting in good durability of GFRP bar-reinforced SWSSC beams exposed to chloride environments. Although the coupling conditions had a negative impact on the prestress losses of the conditioned beams, the ultimate flexural strength of the conditioned beams with over-reinforcement did not decrease significantly due to their failure controlled by the concrete. In addition, a re-correction model adopting the deterioration of GFRP bars was presented to estimate the residual flexural strength of the conditioned beams exposed to the chloride environment. The results indicated that the strength deterioration of the GFRP bars by 36 % would trigger a 15 % degradation in the flexural strength of the conditioned beams.

Effect of Sustained Loading on the Direct Shear Behaviour of Recycled C&D Material–Geosynthetic Interfaces

Recycled construction and demolition (C&D) wastes have been pointed out as a feasible alternative to traditional backfill materials of geosynthetic-reinforced structures, but the current knowledge about the interface behaviour between these unconventional (recycled) materials and the reinforcement is still limited, particularly as far as the time-dependent response is concerned. In this study, a series of large-scale direct shear tests was conducted using an innovative multistage method to evaluate the influence of shear creep loading on the direct shear response of the interfaces between a fine-grained C&D material and two different geosynthetic reinforcements (high-strength geotextile and geogrid). The peak and large-displacement interface shear strength parameters obtained from tests involving sustained loading were compared with those from conventional interface tests. Test results have shown that the shear creep deformation of the interfaces increased with the magnitude of sustained loading. The test specimens experienced additional vertical contraction during the creep stage, which tended to increase with the applied normal stress. For the recycled C&D material-geotextile interface, the sustained loading induced a reduction in the apparent cohesion and a slight increase in the friction angle, when compared to the values estimated from conventional tests. In turn, for the geogrid interface, the apparent cohesion values increased, whereas the friction angle did not significantly change upon shear creep loading.

Experimental investigation on the deterioration process and spatial variation of corrosion damage of RC segmental specimens under sustained load

• Early deterioration damage of a bearing segment is investigated via AE technique. • Effect of sustained load on spatial variability of steel corrosion is studied. • Spatial correlation between steel corrosion and surface corrosion cracks is studied. For the reinforced concrete (RC) shield tunnel in coastal regions, premature corrosion damages are always investigated after construction because of the combined effects of sustained earth and water pressures and marine chloride attacks. To evaluate the performance of these deteriorated shield tunnels, the effect of sustained load on structural performance degradation must be considered. In this paper, an experiment was conducted using the corrosion-accelerated specimens of a tunnel segment. The deteriorating damage processes of the RC segmental specimens were illustrated via acoustic emission (AE) with an emphasis on the influence of sustained load. Based on AE intensity analysis, intensive cracking damages for a bearing segment were identified when the average steel cross-section area losses increased from 0.5% to 2%. Meanwhile, the spatial variations of corrosion damage were discussed incorporating the impact of tensile load. The effect of tensile load on spatial correlation of distribution between steel cross-section area loss and surface corrosion cracks was experimentally verified. The experimental outcomings can help in modelling a random field-based probabilistic model associated with non-uniform steel corrosion in the bearing segmental linings.