Surface Plasmon Resonance Effect Research Articles

Applications of optical control materials based on localized surface plasmon resonance effect in smart windows

Applications of optical control materials based on localized surface plasmon resonance effect in smart windows

Dual photoactive species in CuPd for light‐switched homo‐coupling of alkynes in anaerobic and base free condition

Various ratios of CuPd alloy are loaded on C3N4 and utilized as efficient photocatalyst for the light‐switched homo‐coupling of alkynes in anaerobic and base free condition. For the model phenylacetylene reactant, the light‐irradiation promotes the reaction rate from 36.9% to 99.9% and the selectivity of 1,3‐diynes from 0% to 68.7%. Different supports, solvents and the induction period of the prepared samples show influence on the activity. The action spectra with different light wavelengths demonstrate that both copper phenylacetylide intermediate formed during the reaction and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of the copper in CuPd alloy are the photoactive species. Through the control experiments, it confirms that these dual photoactive species and the interface between Cu and Pd are essential for efficient light‐switching reaction pathway.

Nickel-doped silver nanoclusters as a mechanism to capture photons

AbstractNarrow width of optical absorption of conducting polymers and photons energy losses have been the challenges for fabricating highly efficient thin-film organic solar cell. Nickel-doped silver nanoclusters (Ni/Ag NCs) are employed here to capture more photons using polymers blend solar absorber medium to improve solar cell performances. The poly-3-hexylthiophene and (6-6)phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester molecules blend were used a solar absorber layer in this investigation. The solar cells fabricated with NCs exhibited enhanced opt-electronic properties compared to the reference solar cell. Consequently, the experimental results suggest that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) has substantially increased with the incorporations of NCs in absorber layer, which is dependent on the concentrations of NCs in the medium. The maximum PCE achieved, in this work, is $$\eta $$ η = 6.2% at 2% of NCs by weight, which has exhibited to the lowest energy losses compared to other doping levels. This improvement in PCE is attributed to the occurrence of local surface plasmon resonance effect due to the inclusion of Ni/Ag NCs in polymer matrix. The results provide valuable insights on the use of Ni/Ag NCs for efficient photons capture in thin-film polymers blend medium.

High-Speed and High-Responsivity Blue Light Photodetector with an InGaN NR/PEDOT:PSS Heterojunction Decorated with Ag NWs.

InGaN nanorods possessing larger and wavelength selective absorption by regulating In component based visible light photodetectors (PDs) as one of the key components in the field of visible light communication have received widespread attention. Currently, the weak photoelectric conversion efficiency and slow photoresponse speed of InGaN nanorod (NR) based PDs due to high surface states of InGaN NRs impede the actualization of high-responsivity and high-speed blue light PDs. Here, we have demonstrated high-performance InGaN NR/PEDOT:PSS@Ag nanowire (NW) heterojunction blue light photodetectors utilizing surface passivation and a localized surface plasmon resonance effect. The dark current is significantly reduced by passivating the InGaN NR surface states using PEDOT:PSS. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is significantly increased by increasing light absorption due to the electromagnetic field oscillation of Ag NWs. The responsivity, external quantum efficiency, detectivity, and fall/off time of the InGaN NR/PEDOT:PSS@Ag NW PDs are up to 2.9 A/W, 856%, 6.64 × 1010 Jones, and 439/725 μs, respectively, under 1 V bias and 420 nm illumination. The proposed device design presents a novel approach toward the development of low-cost, high-responsivity, high-speed blue light photodetectors for applications involving visible light communication.

Fluorescence Enhancement of CdS:Ag Quantum Dots Co-Assembled with Au Nanoparticles in a Hollow Nanosphere Form.

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have exceptional fluorescence properties. Overcoming aggregation-induced quenching and enhancing the fluorescence of colloidal QDs have remained a challenging issue in this field. In this study, composite hollow nanospheres composed of Au nanoparticles (NPs) and CdS:Ag-doped QDs were successfully constructed through controlled microemulsion-based cooperative assembly. This method harnessed the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Au NPs nearby doped QDs, resulting in enhanced doped QD fluorescence and the observation of the Purcell effect. The composite hollow nanospheres show a fluorescence enhancement compared to that of the pure CdS:Ag QDs. The enhanced fluorescence was demonstrated to come from the synergetic enhancement of the absorption and emission transition of the doped QDs. This approach provides a feasible technological pathway to address the challenge of improving the fluorescence performance of the doped QDs.

Double-Enhanced Photothermal Lateral Flow Biosensor Based on Dual Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates.

Bacterial toxins emerge as the primary triggers of foodborne illnesses, posing a significant threat to human health. To ensure food safety, it is imperative to implement point-of-care testing methods. Lateral flow biosensors (LFBs) based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been commonly used for rapid detection, but their applicationis limited by low sensitivity. Based on the localized surface plasmon resonance and photothermal effect of dual gold nanoparticle conjugates (DGNPs), we developed a smartphone-integrated photothermal LFB (PLFB) with double-enhanced colorimetric and photothermal sensitivity. Through numerical simulations, we verified that DGNPs have significantly enhanced photothermal performance compared to single 15 nm GNPs (SGNPs), and applied DGNPs in PLFB for the detection of staphylococcus enterotoxin A (SEA). The colorimetric and photothermal limits of detection of DGNPs-based PLFB for SEA were 0.091 and 0.0038 ng mL-1, respectively. Compared with the colorimetric detection of the SGNPs-based LFB, the colorimetric detection sensitivity of the DGNPs-based PLFB was increased by 10.7 times, and the photothermal detection sensitivity was further improved by 255.3 times. Moreover, the PLFB exhibits robust reproducibility and exceptional specificity and is applicable for detecting SEA in milk samples. This smartphone-integrated PLFB based on DGNPs allows users to detect toxins simply, conveniently, and quickly and has huge application potential in the field of food safety.

High-Detectivity and Broadband MoS2 Phototransistor Array by Coupling Negative Capacitance and Local Surface Plasmon Resonance Effects

High-Detectivity and Broadband MoS₂ Phototransistor Array by Coupling Negative Capacitance and Local Surface Plasmon Resonance Effects

Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Through Plasmonic Z‐Scheme Ag‐Bi2O3‐ZnO Heterostructures

AbstractCombination of plasmonic noble metal with semiconductors offers a promising and potential solar energy harvesting and conversion route. Herein, plasmonic Z‐scheme Ag‐Bi2O3‐ZnO (AgBZ) heterostructure is designed and synthesized via solution combustion and photo‐deposition method. Metallic Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited over Bi2O3‐ZnO heterostructure; thus, they exhibit strong visible light absorption owing to surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized catalysts is investigated by the photocatalytic CO2 reduction to fuels under simulated solar light irradiation. The present system has shown an outstanding photocatalytic CO2 reduction and excellent selectivity of CO. The evolved rate of CO fuel, the amount of CO produced per unit time, over optimized Ag‐Bi2O3‐ZnO (3AgBZ) heterostructures was (96.74 μmol g−1/h) which was approximately 12 times larger than that of Bi2O3‐ZnO (0AgBZ) and 49‐fold than the quantity of evolved CO fuels over pure ZnO photocatalyst. The percentage of evolved CO to CH4 fuels over optimized Ag‐Bi2O3‐ZnO (3AgBZ) heterostructures was about 50 : 1compared to that of 2 : 3 over Bi2O3‐ZnO (0AgBZ). The great improvement and the high selectivity would be ascribed to the synergistic effect of metallic surface plasmon resonance and the Z‐scheme charges transfer system. This work would open a window to construct a single photocatalyst with different charge separation systems and excellent CO2 reduction selectivity. Finally, the mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic performance by the synergistic effect was described and discussed.

Tuning sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance gas sensor based on multilayer black phosphorous

We investigated a gas sensor that makes use of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect in a thick layer of gold (Au), copper (Cu), ZnO, and multilayer black phosphorous (BP). The suitability of the proposed gas sensor was investigated for a range of analyte gases recognized for their toxicity, greenhouse effect, or flammability. The proposed gas sensor obtains a maximum sensitivity of 258.77°/RIU with a remarkable full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 7.12°, detection accuracy (DA) of 0.14/°, and Figure of merit (FoM) of 36.22. The result of our enhanced numerical analysis indicates that the performance of a multilayer BP is enhanced when compared to a conventional gas sensor. As a result, using a SiO2 prism to sense different gases at a wavelength of 633[Formula: see text]nm, the suggested gas sensor may be more advantageous. Moreover, the maximum sensitivity of 374.31/RIU is obtained with a remarkable DA of 0.11° and FoM of 37.63/RIU to detect NO2 gas sensing to maintain the [Formula: see text]value. The gas sensor performance is high at different refractive indices for gas analyte (1–1.07). The performance of the proposed gas sensor is superior to that of the existing gas sensors.

Silver Nanoparticle-Embedded Carbon Nitride: Antifungal Activity on Candida albicans and Toxicity toward Animal Cells.

The development of engineered nanomaterials has been considered a promising strategy to control oral infections. In this study, silver-embedded carbon nitrides (Ag@g-CN) were synthesized and tested against Candida albicans, investigating their antifungal action and biocompatibility in animal cells. Ag@g-CN was synthesized by a simple one-pot thermal polymerization technique and characterized by various analytical techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed slight alterations in the crystal structure of g-CN upon the incorporation of Ag. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Ag-N bonds, indicating successful silver incorporation and potential interactions with g-CN's amino groups. UV-vis spectroscopy demonstrated a red shift in the absorption edge of Ag@g-CN compared with g-CN, attributed to the surface plasmon resonance effect of silver nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the 2D layered sheet like morphology of both materials. The Ag 3d peaks found in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of metallic Ag0 nanoparticles in Ag@g-CN. The Ag@g-CN materials exhibited high antifungal activity against reference and oral clinical strains of C. albicans, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges between 16-256 μg/mL. The mechanism of Ag@g-CN on C. albicans was attributed to the disruption of the membrane integrity and disturbance of the biofilm. In addition, the Ag@g-CN material showed good biocompatibility in the fibroblastic cell line and in Galleria mellonella, with no apparent cytotoxicity observed at a concentration up to 1000 μg/mL. These findings demonstrate the potential of the Ag@g-CN material as an effective and safe antifungal agent for the treatment of oral fungal infections.

High-sensitivity vector magnetic field sensor based on a V-shaped multimode-no-core-multimode fiber structure.

This work proposes and investigates a bent multimode-no-core-multimode optical fiber structure for vector magnetic field sensing applications. The bent no-core fiber (NCF) serves as the sensing area, and the gold film is deposited on its surface to excite the surface plasmon resonance effect. Due to the strong evanescent field of the unclad and bent NCF, the as-fabricated sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 5630 nm/RIU in the refractive index range of 1.36-1.39. Magnetic fluid is employed as the magneto-sensitive material for magnetic field sensing, exhibiting a high magnetic field intensity sensitivity of 5.74 nm/mT and a high magnetic field direction sensitivity of 0.22 nm/°. The proposed sensor features a simple structure, low cost, point sensing, and excellent mechanical performance.

Design and simulation of a compact plasmonic photonic crystal fiber filter with wide band and high extinction ratio

In order to realize the performance optimization and function expansion of modern all-optical systems, this work presents a compact plasmonic photonic crystal fiber (PCF) filter, using finite element tool. The deposited gold and graphene layers within the elliptical pores interact with the transmitted light, creating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect that amplifies the energy difference between x- and y-polarized light greatly. The simulation results indicate that the structural parameters are configured with the cladding holes' diameter of 0.6 μm, the large-holes’ diameter of 1.2 μm, the inner small-holes’ diameter of 0.2 μm, the lattice constant of 2.0 μm, the elliptical holes' minor axis length of 0.45 μm, the elliptical holes' major axis length of 1.30 μm, the gold layer thickness of 50 nm, and the graphene layer thickness of 20 nm, the central wavelength of the proposed PCF filter is 1.56 μm. When the length of this PCF filter is 1 mm, a maximum extinction ratio (ER) of 133 dB, an operating bandwidth exceeding 800 nm, covering two common communication windows of 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm, as well as a low insertion loss (IL) of 0.59 dB can be achieved. What's more, the feasibility of fabricating the device is also examined. This filter with compactness, broadband and high-extinction demonstrates promising applications in optical communication, optical sensing, optical computing, and various other fields.

Multi-functional metasurface: ultra-wideband/multi-band absorption switching by adjusting guided-mode resonance and local surface plasmon resonance effects

This study introduces an innovative dual-tunable absorption film with the capability to switch between ultra-wideband and narrowband absorption. By manipulating the temperature, the film can achieve multi-band absorption within the 30–45 THz range or ultra-wideband absorption spanning 30–130 THz, with an absorption rate exceeding 0.9. Furthermore, the structural parameters of the absorption film are optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to ensure the optimal absorption response. The absorption response of the film is primarily attributed to the coupling of guided-mode resonance and local surface plasmon resonance effects. The film’s symmetric structure enables polarization incoherence and allows for tuning through various means such as doping/voltage, temperature and structural parameters. In the case of a multi-band absorption response, the film exhibits good sensitivity to refractive index changes in multiple absorption modes. Additionally, the absorption spectrum of the film remains effective even at large incidence angles, making it highly promising for applications in fields such as biosensing and infrared stealth.

Near-Infrared Luminescent Materials Incorporating Rare Earth/Transition Metal Ions: From Materials to Applications.

Near-infrared materials exhibiting high photoluminescence quantum yields present a promising avenue to broaden our capacity and threshold for detection and manipulation, extending beyond the visible emission range. The spotlight has shifted to near-infrared (NIR) luminescent materials emitting beyond 1000nm, with growing interest due to their unique characteristics. The ability of NIR-II emission (1000-1700nm) to penetrate deeply and transmit independently positions these NIR luminescent materials for applications in optical-communication devices, bioimaging, and photodetectors. The combination of rare earth metals/transition metals with a variety of matrix materials provides a new platform for creating new chemical and physical properties for materials science and device applications. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in NIR emission activated by rare earth and transition metal ions and illustrate their role in applications spanning bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronics. We start from the various synthesis techniques, including high-temperature solid-state, hydrothermal, and thermal decomposition methods, on how to delicately incorporate the rare-earth/transition metals to the NIR various matrixes, each imparting distinct characteristics to these luminescent materials. We then extend the discussion to strategies of enhancing excitation absorption and emission efficiency, spotlighting innovations like dye sensitization and surface plasmon resonance effects. Subsequently, a significant focus is placed on functionalization strategies and their applications. Finally, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and proposed strategies for rare earth/transition metal ion-doped near-infrared luminescent materials, summarizing the insights of each section. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Integration of Co Single Atoms and Ni Clusters on Defect-Rich ZrO2 for Strong Photothermal Coupling Boosts Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction.

We report a solvothermal method for the synthesis of an oxygen vacancy-enriched ZrO2 photocatalyst with Co single atoms and Ni clusters immobilized on the surface. This catalyst presents superior performance for the reduction of CO2 in H2O vapor, with a CO yield reaching 663.84 μmol g-1 h-1 and a selectivity of 99.52%. The total solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency is up to 0.372‰, which is among the highest reported values. The success, on one hand, depends on the Co single atoms and Ni clusters for both extended spectrum absorption and serving as dual-active centers for CO2 reduction and H2O dissociation, respectively; on the other hand, this is attributed to the enhanced photoelectric and thermal effect induced by concentrated solar irradiation. We demonstrate that an intermediate impurity state is formed by the hybridization of the d-orbital of single-atom Co with the molecular orbital of H2O, enabling visible-light-driven excitation over the catalyst. In addition, Ni clusters play a crucial role in altering the adsorption configuration of CO2, with the localized surface plasmon resonance effect enhancing the activation and dissociation of CO2 induced by visible-near-infrared light. This study provides valuable insights into the synergistic effect of the dual cocatalyst toward both efficient photothermal coupling and surface redox reactions for solar CO2 reduction.

Localized surface-plasmon resonance effect as a new driver of Z-scheme electron transfer in cerium dioxide–graphitic carbon nitride heterojunctions

The intersecting interface between the two semiconductors of cerium dioxide (CeO2)–graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) heterojunctions, which have demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity, inhibits the rapid compounding of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs of g-C3N4. CeO2–g-C3N4 heterojunctions with Z-scheme and type-II electron-transfer routes were prepared via calcination in argon and air atmospheres, respectively. The built-in electric field theory cannot be used to explain the presence of a type-II electron-transfer route in CeO2–g-C3N4 heterojunctions. According the femtosecond transient absorption spectra, the localized surface-plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of CeO2 drove the Z-scheme electron transfer in CeO2–g-C3N4 heterojunctions. The CeO2–g-C3N4 heterojunction exhibited a type-II electron-transfer route when the particle size of CeO2 increased, which attenuated the LSPR effect. The CeO2–g-C3N4 heterojunction with the Z-scheme electron-transfer route exhibited 4.4 times higher degradation efficiency for bamboo pulping wastewater than g-C3N4, and this result was attributed to the reduced complexation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and extended photogenerated electron lifetime. Overall, this research provides a new idea for constructing Z-scheme electron-transfer heterojunctions.

Surface plasmon enhancement of 1D Ag nanowires modified electro-treated BiVO4 photoanode with abundant oxygen vacancies for solar water oxidation

The high carrier complexation rate is still one of the main obstacles for bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) to be used in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. In this work, we used a simple method for dropping one dimension (1D) silver nanowires (Ag NWs) on the surface of electro-treated BiVO4 (Ag NWs/E-BiVO4). The photocurrent of Ag NWs/E-BiVO4 under AM 1.5 G illumination reaches to 3.12 mA/cm2 which is about 6.2 times than the pure BiVO4 photoelectrode. Meanwhile, the photogenerated charges injection efficiency of Ag NWs/E-BiVO4 photoelectrodes increasing from 12.7 % to 77.5 % than the pure BiVO4 photoelectrode. This is because the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of 1D Ag nanowires enhanced the visible light absorption and provide more Ag active sites. Furthermore, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the Ag NWs/E-BiVO4 have the best adsorption capacity for OH– and the electro-treated BiVO4 with rich oxygen vacancies greatly improves the electron transport efficiency which is benefit for improving the PEC catalytic performance. Thus, this work provides a simple method to enhance the PEC water splitting performance of BiVO4.

Synthesis of Structure-Adjustable R-Au/Pt-CdS Nanohybrids with Strong Plasmon Coupling and Improved Photothermal Conversion Performance.

Noble metal nanomaterials with a localized surface plasmon resonance effect exhibit outstanding advantages in areas such as photothermal therapy and photocatalysis. As a unique plasmonic metal nanostructure, gold nanobipyramids have been attracting much interest due to their strong specific local electric field intensity, large optical cross sections, and high refractive index sensitivity. In this study, we propose a novel three-component hetero-nanostructure composed of rough gold nanobipyramids (R-Au NBPs), Pt, and CdS. Initially, purified gold nanobipyramids are regrown to form R-Au NBPs that have a certain degree of roughness. These R-Au NBP substrates with a rough surface provide more hotspots and strengthen the intensity of localized electric fields. Subsequently, Pt and CdS nanoparticles are selectively deposited onto the surface of R-Au NBPs. Pt nanoparticles can provide more active sites. Each component of this hetero-nanostructure directly contacts others, creating multiple electron transfer channels. This novel design allows for tunable localized plasmon resonance wavelengths ranging from the visible to near-infrared regions. These factors contribute to the final superior photothermal conversion performance of the R-Au/Pt-CdS nanohybrids. Under the irradiation of near-infrared light (1064 nm), the photothermal conversion efficiency of R-Au/Pt-CdS reached 38.88%, which is 4.49, 1.5, and 1.22 times higher than that of Au NBPs, R-Au NBPs, and R-Au NBPs/Pt, respectively.

Constructing interface chemical coupling S-scheme heterojunction MoO3-x@PPy for enhancing photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization performance: Adjusting LSPR effect via oxygen vacancy engineering

Construction of photocatalyst that combines excellent electron transfer and photoresponse capabilities to enhance photocatalytic performance remains a challenging task. In this work, interfacial Mo-N bonds and vacancy engineering collaborative modified MoO3-x@polypyrrole (MP) S-scheme heterojunction is rational designed for efficient photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization. The addition of polypyrrole introduces rich defects which inducing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and enhancing light absorption. Furthermore, the combination facilitates the formation of Mo-N bonds. The modifications amplify the built-in electric field and conduct the efficacious separation of photogenerated carriers. With the synergism of LSPR effect and interfacial chemical Mo-N bonds, the optimal MP photocatalyst displays attractive desulfurization rate of 100% for dibenzothiophene (DBT) in 60 min under illumination, touching the objective of ultra-deep desulfurization. The study extends a novel understanding of the impact of LSPR effect and heterojunction interface charge transfer on the photocatalytic desulfurization ability.

High-efficient water splitting over an in-situ growth novel electrocatalyst of metal-organic framework-based nanostructures

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as emerging material have drawn much attention to apply to the field of water splitting. In this paper, layered NiFe-MIL-53 and nanoflower-like CoFe-MOF-74 were sequentially grown on nickel foam through two-step in-situ growth to construct a MOF-74/MIL-53 heterojunction. On this basis, we used the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to significantly improve the oxygen evolution reaction performance of MOF-74/MIL-53 heterojunction. Under illumation, the obtained Au-MOF-74/MIL-53 exhibits a lower overpotential of 218 mV, which is far superior to commercial catalyst. The reaction kinetics are significantly enhanced due to the lower charge transfer resistance and the higher electric double layer capacitance. We confirmed the existence of charge transfer between Au NPs and MOFs, and at the same time, the deposition of Au NPs significantly reduced the charge transfer resistance of MOF-74/MIL-53. On the basis of our work, we provide a novel MOF-based electrocatalytic nanocomposite structure for efficient water splitting.