Effect Of Surface Modification Research Articles

Mitigating the deceptive effects of smooth surfaces: subtle surface modifications can eliminate maladaptive drinking attempts by bats

AbstractThe amount of artificial smooth surfaces in the environment increases continuously with urbanization on a global scale. There is growing evidence that smooth surfaces such as windows, solar panels and other objects can serve as sensory traps for many animal species. Artificial smooth surfaces can function as acoustic mirrors, disrupting echolocation of bats and consequently causing maladaptive behaviours such as drinking from and colliding with these surfaces. Therefore, investigating opportunities to mitigate the effects of artificial smooth surfaces is important from a conservation viewpoint. Here, we conducted a field experiment with bats, an ensonification experiment in the laboratory, and a computer simulation, in order to study the effect of mechanical surface modification on the acoustic characteristics of smooth surfaces. In the field experiment, we presented a horizontal smooth plate alone or with strings (diameters between 0.25–2.5 mm) and the behaviour of bats around the plate was video recorded. Bats significantly decreased the frequency of drinking events with increasing diameter of the strings. We also found an indication that a crossed pattern of the strings on the plate may be more effective than a parallel arrangement. The results of the ensonification experiment and the mathematical modelling revealed that a subtle modification of the smooth surfaces with long, linear thin objects can effectively modify the acoustic characteristics of smooth surfaces in general and thereby potentially change the behaviour of bats. Further investigations from sensory, behavioural and ecological viewpoints are proposed to better understand the impact of smooth surfaces on bats and the mitigation solutions that are needed. This research underscores the significance of exploring innovative approaches to minimize the negative impacts of urbanization on wildlife, highlighting the potential of practical interventions to promote coexistence between anthropogenic environments and threatened species.

Effect of hydrophobic modification and dosage of long afterglow phosphors on the properties of self-luminescent cement-based materials

Both the hydrolysis instability of original long afterglow phosphors (OLP) and limited amount of reflective powders (RP) degraded the luminescent performance of self-luminescent cement-based materials (SLCM). This study novelty proposed a solution by coating organosilicon layer on the OLP surface to create hydrophobic effect for enhancing its water resistance. Furthermore, compared with typical SLCM with low content of LP and RP, SLCM mixtures were prepared through replacing cement by LP and containing higher volume of RP according to the modified Andreasen and Andersen (A&A) model. The effects of dosage and surface modification of LP on the strength, hydration kinetics, luminescent performance, phase composition and microstructure of SLCM were examined. Hydrophobic LP (HLP) achieved similar crystal structure but changed its surface morphology as well as enhanced its water resistance. Introduction of the OLP into SLCM was liable to generate the hydrolysis products. HLP performed better in generating more hydration products but less hydrolysis products, thus formed a compact microstructure and enhanced the thermal stability. Hydration kinetics revealed that the hydrolysis reaction of OLP decreased the heat of hydration, while the hydration process was promoted by HLP. Higher dosage of LP after hydrophobic modification in SLCM helped in obtaining a better luminescent performance but caused a drastic reduction in strength. Overall, the optimal dosage of HLP in SLCM including higher volume of RP was more effective in achieving a superior luminescent performance without degrading the strength.

Influence of surface passivation by MgO on photovoltaic performance of SnO2 based dye-sensitized solar cells

The study highlights effect of surface modification of SnO2 photoelectrode by MgO coating on photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A thin coating of MgO on SnO2 photoelectrode was prepared using sol-gel-derived dip coating technique. The bare SnO2 and MgO coated SnO2 composite photoanodes was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis spectrophotometer. The optical absorption study revealed that the modification in SnO2 by MgO coating caused an increase in absorption by photoanode in visible region. The solar cell was demonstrated by preparing FTO|SnO2|Dye|MgO|Electrolyte|Pt coated FTO device structure and tested with current density-voltage (J-V) measurement. The effect of precursor concentration of MgO coating on the performance of DSSCs were investigated. It was found that, optimized coating of MgO for 90 seconds on SnO2 improved all photovoltaic parameters, resulting in enhancement in efficiency by 42% compared to that of DSSC with bare SnO2 photoanode. The coating of MgO would have reduced the trap states and suppressed interfacial recombination losses by preventing back electron transfer from the conduction band of the semiconductor to HOMO of dye molecule or redox species.

Effects of particle surface modification on magnetic behavior of soft magnetic Fe@SiO2 composites and Fe compacts

The study aims to evaluate the influence of surface modification of Fe powder on the magnetic behavior of soft magnetic compacts and composites that can possibly enhance their properties. The smoothing of ferromagnetic particle surfaces led to a decrease in the total energy loss as the most evident positive impact in all investigated classes (max. by 11% for small, 63–125 μm particle-based annealed Fe compacts, at max. induction 0.5 T and frequency 100 Hz) and to a partial increase in specific electrical resistivity (max. by 47% for small particle-based Fe@SiO2 composites) and resonant frequency (max. by 48% for large, 200–400 μm particle-based Fe@SiO2 composites) as well as partial decrease in coercivity (max. by 14% for small particle-based annealed Fe compacts). Removing surface irregularities negatively affected the maximum total permeability (max. drop by 28% for large particle-based Fe@SiO2 composites) due to increased inner demagnetizing fields. Applying the Bertotti theory for loss separation, we obtained parameters of loss components and assumed the domain structure using simultaneously active magnetic objects as predictors. The total loss decrease observed after the smoothing process originates from the significantly increased numbers of active magnetic objects, facilitating AC magnetization reversal so that domain wall displacements are accompanied by lower energy loss, manifested as a decrease in the excess loss component (max. by 61% for small particle-based Fe@SiO2 composites).

Enhancement of Filtration Performance Characteristic of Glass Fiber-Based Filter Media, Part 2: Chemical Modification with Surface-Active Treatment.

Standard glass fiber filter media were chemically modified with suitably chosen surface-active agents. The aim of these modifications was to improve the three fundamental filtration performance characteristics, namely, to increase the separation efficiency, reduce the differential pressure (∆P) and increase the dirt holding capacity (DHC). The increase in separation efficiency was considered quantitatively in terms of changes in the work of adhesion between the contaminant and the modified media substrate derived from the contact angle measurements. The experimental confirmation of this behavior was demonstrated by an improved separation efficiency especially for particles in the smaller size ranges, well below the mean porosity of the original substrate. In addition, the effect of different surface modifications, especially those of the opposite ends of the surface energy values, has clearly manifested itself in the experimental results of separation efficiency derived from the multipass evaluations. Collectively, the obtained contact angle (surface energy) and separation efficiency results are strongly indicative of a wide range of filtration performance enhancements that can be achieved through suitably chosen surface-active modification of standard substrate materials.

The Effect of Antibacterial-Osteogenic Surface Modification on the Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: A Static and Dynamic Strategy.

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used biomaterials in bone repair. Although these biomaterials possess stable properties and good biocompatibility, the high elastic modulus and low surface activity of Ti implants have often been associated with infection, inflammation, and poor osteogenesis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to modify the surface of Ti implants, where changes in surface morphology or coatings loading can confer specific functions to help them adapt to the osseointegration formation phase and resist bacterial infection. This can further ensure a healthy microenvironment for bone regeneration as well as the promotion of immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Therefore, in this review, we evaluated various functional Ti implants after surface modification, both in terms of static modifications and dynamic response strategies, mainly focusing on the synergistic effects of antimicrobial activities and functionalized osteogenic. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are summarized to provide innovative and effective solutions for osseointegration and bone defect repair.

Surface charge engineering for structural control of colloidal silica rod-decorated silica particles and their flexible integration into magnetic core–multishell structures

In this study, the effect of surface modification and the resulting surface charge of colloidal silica seeds on the growth of silica rods during an emulsion droplet-based process is investigated. Through electrostatic interactions between negatively charged poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and seed surfaces, significant PVP adsorption occurs as the seed surfaces are modified with positively charged cationic substances and then aged with PVP. This surface charge-enhanced PVP adsorption promotes the anchoring of water emulsion droplets, serving as the starting point for the growth of silica rods on the seed surfaces and leading to a high yield of silica rod-decorated particles during emulsion droplet-based growth. The surface properties, including surface charge and hydrophobicity, can be further modified by applying different cationic modifiers, which influence the morphology, structural architecture, and yield of the final product. We further demonstrated the versatility of this approach by successfully generating silica rod-decorated magnetic core (Fe3O4)–multishell (silica/polystyrene/titania) particles. The findings of this study highlight the critical role of surface charge engineering in controlling the structure and morphology of silica rod-decorated silica particles as well as their integration into complex multicomponent systems.

High-Performance Cobalt Chalcogenides for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Abstract: The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is vital to numerous energy conversion technologies, such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Moreover, to enhance the overall efficacy and durability of these devices, it is crucial to develop catalysts that are both effective and economical. Among the many explored catalyst materials, cobalt chalcogenides have attracted considerable interest due to their unique properties and exceptional ORR performance. This review focuses on the synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and electrochemical performance of high-performance cobalt chalcogenides as catalysts for the ORR. In addition, the influence of various synthetic parameters on the catalytic activity and stability of cobalt chalcogenides is investigated. Also addressed are the effects of defects, doping, and surface modification on the ORR performance of cobalt chalcogenides. In addition, the use of cobalt chalcogenides in practical fuel cell devices is discussed, along with their outstanding performance as ORR catalysts in both acidic and alkaline environments. The durability and long-term stability of cobalt chalcogenides under severe operating conditions are evaluated, indicating their potential commercial applications. Finally, the field of cobalt chalcogenides for ORR challenges and prospects are outlined. This review proposes strategies for further enhancing their catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability, such as interface engineering and synergistic combinations with other catalyst materials. For researchers working on the development of next-generation ORR catalysts and the practical implementation of cobalt chalcogenides for sustainable energy applications, the insights garnered from this review are invaluable.

Solderability of additively manufactured pure copper and the effect of surface modification

Solderability of additively manufactured pure copper and the effect of surface modification

Predictive Modeling for Microchannel Flow Boiling Heat Transfer under the Dual Effect of Gravity and Surface Modification

This paper investigates the heat transfer performance of flow boiling in microchannels under the dual effect of gravity and surface modification through both experimental studies and mechanistic analysis. Utilizing a test bench with microchannels featuring surfaces of varying wettability levels and adjustable flow directions, multiple experiments on R134-a flow boiling heat transfer under the effects of gravity and surface modification were conducted, resulting in 1220 sets of experimental data. The mass flux ranged from 735 kg/m2s to 1271 kg/m2s, and the heating heat flux density ranged from 9 × 103 W/m2 to 46 × 103 W/m2. The experimental results revealed the differences in the influence of different gravity and surface modification conditions on heat transfer performance. It was found that the heat transfer performance of super-hydrophilic surfaces in horizontal flow is optimal and more stable heat transfer performance is observed when gravity is aligned with the flow direction. And the impact of gravity and surface modification on heat transfer has been explained through mechanistic analysis. Therefore, two new dimensionless numbers, Fa and Conew, were introduced to characterize the dual effects of gravity and surface modification on heat transfer. A new heat transfer model was developed based on these effects, and the prediction error of the heat transfer coefficient was reduced by 12–15% compared to existing models, significantly improving the prediction accuracy and expanding its application scope. The applicability and accuracy of the new model were also validated with other experimental data.

Surface modification of titanium implants via PLLA/HA fibrous composite coating to improve piezoelectric properties

Titanium (Ti)-based implants are among the most advantageous biomaterials in both orthopedic and dental applications, owing to their excellent properties and biocompatibility. However, their bioinert surface poses challenges to osteointegrity, raising concerns about implant loosening. The present study examines the effect of surface modification of Ti by applying a bioactive piezoelectric fibrous coating comprised of electrospun poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) as a biodegradable piezopolymer and varying amounts of hydroxyapatite (HA) filler (5−20 wt%) as an osteoconductive piezoceramic. According to SEM micrographs, adding HA increased the fiber diameter, porosity, and pore size of the fibrous structure. Furthermore, peeling test of the fibrous coating demonstrated that applying a polydopamine (PDA) coating before electrospinning onto the Ti substrate effectively enhanced the adhesion strength of the coating. Additionally, the PLLA/HA composite coating exhibited increased piezoelectric properties, with piezoresponse rising from 2.41 ± 0.192 mV/N (5 wt% HA) to 5.42 ± 0.192 mV/N (20 wt% HA). Similarly, PLLA/HA coatings showed superior apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 7 and 28 days, with significantly higher calcium-phosphate deposition and a Ca/P ratio close to natural bone, surpassing the neat PLLA coating and bare Ti substrate. Finally, testing with MG-63 cell lines indicated that fibrous composite coatings enhance cell support, demonstrating optimal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) secretion levels and positive cell attachment. Consequently, the surface-modified Ti with fibrous PLLA/HA coating emerges as a promising strategy for the clinical treatment of bone defects.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of multilayer SiC nanofiber paper‐reinforced SiC composites by the NITE method

AbstractIn this work, stacked SiC fibers paper‐reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (SiCnf/SiC CMCs) were prepared by nanoimpregnation and transient eutectic (NITE) process using ultra‐long single‐crystal SiC nanofibers. The effect of the SiCnf surface modification via boron nitride (BN) interphase deposition as well as the sintering additive (Al2O3–Y2O3) content on the density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of SiCnf/SiC CMCs has been investigated systematically. The results revealed that the laminated SiCnf/SiC CMCs feature a significant saw‐tooth‐like curve on the load–displacement test, which indicates that the obtained laminated structure with the weak interlayer binding owning to the BN coating treatment possesses significant toughening to the SiC ceramics. Specifically, the SiCnf/SiC CMCs with the sintering additive content of 12 wt% revealed a fracture toughness of over 10 MPa m1/2 after 60 min of BN interface deposition, which is 104.31% higher than that of the composites prepared without BN coating.

Experimental Study of Condensation Heat Transfer and Droplet Dynamics on Multiple Horizontal Copper Tubes with Superhydrophobic Characteristics

We conducted an experimental study on the condensation heat transfer and droplet dynamics on multiple horizontal copper tubes with superhydrophobic characteristics. Condensation heat transfer has various industrial applications such as power plants and air-conditioning systems. Because condensers are typically designed in multiple-tube configurations, studying the phenomenon of multiple tubes is important. We investigated the effect of a superhydrophobic surface modification, which induces dropwise condensation, on the heat transfer performance of multiple-tube condensers. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the extent to which heat transfer performance is improved by comparing superhydrophobic tubes with bare tubes and to analyze the impact of droplet dynamics on heat transfer performance. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient of the superhydrophobic tubes is improved by approximately 9.5%–44.9% compared to that of bare tubes. Droplet dynamic analysis revealed differences in droplet behavior between the superhydrophobic tubes and bare tubes, including the formation of droplets by condensation, the process of droplets falling on the tube surface, and the impact of droplets falling on other tubes in a multiple-tube configuration. Based on these results and observations, it can be concluded that the heat transfer performance of the superhydrophobic tube is superior to that of the bare tube. The droplet dynamic analysis demonstrated that the droplets formed on the superhydrophobic surface could be easily removed by the flow, leading to more efficient heat transfer. These findings highlight the potential for more efficient heat transfer in multiple tubes through superhydrophobic modifications.

Realization of Atomically Uniform ALD-Al2O3 and TiO2 on SiO2 and GeO2 by UV-Ozone Treatment

Thermally oxidized SiO2/Si and GeO2/Ge are difficult to form very thin oxide films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) due to the chemical inertness of the oxide film surface. In this study, the effect of surface modification of insulating films by the UV-Ozone (UVO) method on ALD was investigated with the aim of controlling the atomic layer thickness and producing a uniform oxide film. The results show that UVO treatment can deposit atomic layer-thick films on SiO2 or GeO2 without delay. This may be due to the formation of dangling bonds on the oxide film surface, which improves the reactivity between the surface and the precursor during initial layer formation.

Assessment of the Effect of Surface Modification of Metal Oxides on Silver Nanoparticles: Optical Properties and Potential Toxicity.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive properties and potential applications. Traditional fabrication methods for nanoparticles often involve high-energy physical conditions and the use of toxic solvents. Various green synthesis approaches have been developed to circumvent these issues and produce environmentally benign nanoparticles. Our study focuses on the green synthesis of AgNPs using L-ascorbic acid and explores the modification of their properties to enhance antibacterial and anticancer effects. This is achieved by coating the nanoparticles with Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Silica oxide (SiO2), which alters their optical properties in the visible spectrum. The synthesized formulations-AgNPs, zinc oxide-silver nanoparticles (Ag@ZnO), and silica oxide-silver nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2) core/shell nanoparticles-were characterized using a suite of physicochemical techniques, including Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential measurement, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Refractive Index Measurements, and Optical Anisotropy Assessment. TEM imaging revealed particle sizes of 11 nm for AgNPs, 8 nm for Ag@ZnO, and 400 nm for Ag@SiO2. The Zeta potential values for Ag@ZnO and Ag@SiO2 were measured at -17.0 ± 5 mV and -65.0 ± 8 mV, respectively. UV-Vis absorption spectra were recorded for all formulations in the 320 nm to 600 nm wavelength range. The refractive index of AgNPs at 404.7 nm was 1.34572, with slight shifts observed for Ag@ZnO and Ag@SiO2 to 1.34326 and 1.37378, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) was assessed using the MTT assay. The results indicated that AgNPs and Ag@ZnO exhibited potent therapeutic effects, with IC50 values of 494.00 µg/mL and 430.00 µg/mL, respectively, compared to 4247.20 µg/mL for Ag@SiO2. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy of AgNPs was significantly enhanced under visible light irradiation. Ag@ZnO demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity both with and without light exposure, while the Ag@SiO2 nanocomposites significantly reduced the inherent antibacterial activity of silver. Conversely, the Ag@ZnO nanocomposites displayed pronounced antibacterial and anticancer activities. The findings suggest that silver-based nanocomposites, particularly Ag@ZnO, could be practical tools in water treatment and the pharmaceutical industry due to their enhanced therapeutic properties.

Synergistic effect of interlayered doping and surface modification to improve the performance of Li-rich manganese-based cathode materials

Li-rich manganese-based oxides (LRMOs) with high energy density have been intensively studied, but their practical use as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries is still impeded by the shortcomings such as low initial coulombic efficiency, voltage decay and poor rate capability. To address these issues, element Nb is selected to bulk dope and simultaneously surface modify the hierarchical Li1.20Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2 spheres in this work. Synergistic effect of Nb doping and surface modification on the crystalline structure and electrochemical performance of the resultant LRMOs is characterized in detail. The results suggest that Nb5+ ions are doped into the interlayer sites within the crystals while the LiMn2O4 and LiNb3O8 double layers are coated on the primary nanoparticles. The galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements reveal that the optimal LRMO-Nb2 sample can deliver the capacities of 286 and 167 mAh g−1 at the rates of 0.1 C and 5 C, respectively, and retains a capacity of 191 mAh g−1 at 1 C rate after 200 cycles. Ex-situ XRD patterns prove that the layered structure is strongly pillared by the interlayer-doped Nb5+ during the delithiation/lithiation processes. Especially, some lithium vacancies formed around Nb5+ ions can accelerate the diffusion of Li+ ions, which was proved by DFT calculations and experimental results. Our research demonstrates that cooperating of the interlayered doping of Nb5+ with surface coating of LiNb3O8 layer can improve rate capability and cyclability of the resultant LRMOs significantly.

Effects of surface modification of sucrose particles on chocolate morphology and fat bloom during storage

In this study, a new bloom-reducing approach, modifying the surface of crystalline sugar was introduced and confirmed through two methods (circularity and Casson viscosity). Targeting the effects of sucrose shape on bloom, model chocolates were formulated with 2 sucrose surfaces (before and after modification) at 3 sucrose volume fractions (0.15, 0.50, and 0.75) in the nonfat particle phase. Bloom was evaluated by changes in whiteness index (ΔWI) and white area percentage (WA%), accompanied by polymorphic transition evaluations. Surface morphology during storage was also evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to quantify surface roughness and porosity. Bloom and SEM results both showed similar trends: smoothing sucrose particle surface as well as reducing sucrose fraction volume significantly reduced bloom and surface morphological (roughness and porosity) change, indicating that sucrose surface modification may have a significant impact on the particulate microstructures in chocolate thus impeding bloom formation during storage.

Effects of Surface Modification on the Mechanical Properties and Water Absorbtion of Raphia farinifera (Raphia Fibre)

The effect of surface modification on the mechanical properties and water absorption of Raphia farinifera (raphia fibre) were examined. The fibre was treated with 2% benzoyl peroxide in acetone, 10% potassium hydroxide, 25% hydrogen peroxide and 1% potassium permanganate in one hour. The mechanical properties; tensile strength, load at break, modulus and water absorption properties were investigated and results compared with control (untreated fibre). The results of the mechanical properties showed that the tensile strength of the fibre (Raphia farinifera) improved from 50.1142MPa for the untreated fibre to 132.3482MPa for potassium hydroxide treatment and 146.0181MPa for hydrogen peroxide treatment. Benzoyl peroxide treatment showed superior load at break value (25.5617N) over the untreated fibre (14.7847N). The results of water absorption showed that the treatment of the fibre reduced the hydrophilic nature of this fibre. However, benzoyl peroxide treatment showed highest reduction in water absorption capacity of the fibre followed by potassium hydroxide treatment.

Exploring highly electro-active zinc peroxide nanorod for selective detection of hydrazine

Hydrazine (N2H4), widely used as a raw material for producing synthetic catalysts, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceutical products, has had an irreversible impact on air, water, and soil in the environment because of its high toxicity. To prevent making it lethal contamination should be monitored and detected. Here in this work, for the first time, Zinc peroxide (ZnO2) nanorods (NRs) were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method to modify the gold electrode (AuE) for the fabrication of the ZnO2@AuE sensor. The fabricated sensor was successfully applied for the selective and efficient detection of hydrazine based on the chronoamperometry technique. According to theoretical calculations, the metal peroxide nanorods result in high oxygen vacancies, surface defects, and Zn ratios. This triggers substantial electron transfer, effectively enhancing the conductivity, electrocatalytic, and stability properties of the AuE with economic benefits. The effect of surface modification on the bare electrode was analyzed using the EIS technique. The ZnO2/Au electrode's electrochemical behavior towards hydrazine was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a scan rate of 70 mVs−1. Further, chronoamperometry was applied to investigate the effect of time, pH, nanorod concentration, and scan rate on the analytical performance parameters of the electrode ZnO2@AuE. The developed sensor (ZnO2/AuE) demonstrated an excellent detection limit (LOD) of 4.09 nM and good sensitivity of 2.4 × 10−2 µAµM−1cm−2 towards the oxidation of hydrazine having a fast response time (within 5 s). The developed sensors promise reproducible results along with good stability, which makes them effective for the electrochemical sensing of hydrazine. Such outstanding sensing performance is attributed to the tailored direct electrochemical redox surface of ZnO2, which led to selective sensing of hydrazine in tap, distilled, and sewage water. Keeping these features into consideration, our developed sensor can be adopted for real applications, especially for environmental surveillance.

Optical and thermal performance enhancement of parabolic dish collector: Effects of cavity receiver's surface modification and covering aperture

Regarding the increasing demand for renewable energy sources, especially solar energy, researchers are trying to develop more efficient solar energy systems. Parabolic dish collectors are solar thermal collectors that can be utilized in various thermal energy system applications. Cavity receivers of the dish collectors are one of the crucial parts of these collectors, and the studies on their thermal performance improvement and heat loss reduction are critical. The current study follows the experimental investigation of the glass covering of cylindrical-conical cavity receiver along with the cavity's coil surface modification with various geometries. According to the results, applying the glass covering enhanced the thermal efficiency by 18.42%, with a maximum thermal efficiency of 52.61% and optical efficiency of 57.89%. Rectangular-triangular geometry for the surface modification of the cavity's coil resulted in a maximum optical efficiency of 59.17%. Overall, rectangular geometry had the best thermal and optical efficiency enhancement results.