Effect Of Surface Functional Groups Research Articles

Effect of Surface Functional Groups on the Electronic Behavior and Optical Spectra of Mn2N Based MXenes.

The extensive applications of MXenes, a novel type of layered materials known for their favorable characteristics, have sparked significant interest. This research focuses on investigating the influence of surface functionalization on the behavior of Mn2NTx (Tx=O2, F2) MXenes monolayers using the "Density functional theory (DFT) based full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FP-LAPW)" method. We elucidate the differences in the physical properties of Mn2NTx through the influence of F and O surface functional groups. We found that O-termination results in half-metallic behavior, whereas the F-termination evolves metallic characteristics within these MXene systems. Similarly, surface termination has effectively influenced their optical absorption efficiency. For instance, Mn2NO2 and Mn2NF2 effectively absorb UV light ~50.15×104 cm-1 and 37.71×104 cm-1, respectively. Additionally, they demonstrated prominent refraction and reflection characteristics, which are comprehensively discussed in the present work. Our predictions offer valuable perspectives into the optical and electronic characteristics of Mn2NTx-based MXenes, presenting the promising potential for implementing them in diverse optoelectronic devices.

Effect of surface functional groups of polystyrene micro/nano plastics on the release of NOM from flocs during the aging process

Currently, the hidden risk of microplastics in the coagulation process has attracted much attention. However, previous studies aimed at improving the removal efficiency of microplastics and ignored the importance of interactions between microplastics and natural organic matter (NOM). This study investigated how polystyrene micro/nano particles impact the release of NOM during the aging of flocs formed by aluminum-based coagulants Al13 and AlCl3. The results elucidated that nano-particles with small particle sizes and agglomerative states are more likely to interact with coagulants. After 7 years of floc aging, the DOC content of the nano system decreased by more than 40%, while the micron system did not change significantly. During coagulation, the benzene rings in polystyrene particles form complexes with electrophilic aluminum ions through π-bonding, creating new Al-O bonds. NOM tends to adsorb at micro/nano plastic interfaces due to hydrophobic interactions and conformational entropy. In the aging process, the structure of PS-Al13 or PS-AlCl3 flocs and the functional groups on the surface of micro/nano plastics control the absorption and release of organic matter through hydrophobic, van der Waals forces, hydration, and polymer bridging. In the system with the addition of nano plastics, several DBPs such as TCAA, DCAA, TBM, DBCM and nitrosamines were reduced by more than 50%. The reaction order of different morphological structures and surface functional groups of microplastics to Al13 and AlCl3 systems is aromatic C-H > C-OH > C-O > NH2 > aromatic CC > aliphatic C-H and C-O>H-CO> NH2 >C-OH> aliphatic C-H. The results provided a new sight to explore the effect of micro/nano plastics on the release of NOM during flocs aging.

Effects of surface functional groups on the wettability of biodiesel combustion particulate matter

This paper investigates the impact of particle surface functional groups on the wettability of particulate matter (PM) emitted from biodiesel engines. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS), and Contact Angle Measurement techniques were employed to detect and analyze PM generated from combustion of diesel, soybean oil methyl ester (SME), palm oil methyl ester (PME), and waste edible oil methyl ester (WME) biodiesels. The results showed that PM derived from biodiesel exhibited a higher content of aromatic nuclei compared to that from diesel. The surface of the PM displayed significantly elevated levels of C–OH functional groups in comparison to CO functional groups, and the relative proportion of C–OH and CO functional groups on the biodiesel-derived PM surface decreased with an increase in biodiesel iodine value. The contact angles of the PM to the diesel droplets were less than 20°, and the PM is highly lipophilic. The wettability of the PM with both water and diesel droplets increased as the relative content of C–OH and CO functional groups rose. Moreover, it was observed that biodiesel-derived PM exhibited superior wettability towards water and diesel droplets when compared to its diesel counterpart, thereby enhancing its susceptibility to wetting by diesel droplets.

Effect of surface functional groups on MXene conductivity.

We report the in-plane electron transport in the MXenes (i.e., within the MXene layers) as a function of composition using the density-functional tight-binding method, in conjunction with the non-equilibrium Green's functions technique. Our study reveals that all MXene compositions have a linear relationship between current and voltage at lower potentials, indicating their metallic character. However, the magnitude of the current at a given voltage (conductivity) has different trends among different compositions. For example, MXenes without any surface terminations (Ti3C2) exhibit higher conductivity compared to MXenes with surface functionalization. Among the MXenes with -O and -OH termination, those with -O surface termination have lower conductivity than the ones with -OH surface terminations. Interestingly, conductivity changes with the ratio of -O and -OH on the MXene surface. Our calculated I-V curves and their conductivities correlate well with transmission functions and the electronic density of states around the Fermi level. The surface composition-dependent conductivity of the MXenes provides a path to tune the in-plane conductivity for enhanced pseudocapacitive performance.

Mechanism exploration of surface functional groups and pore sizes on CO2 adsorptive separation by GCMC and DFT simulations

The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanistic effect of surface functional groups and pore sizes of graphene on the CO2 adsorption and separation behaviors by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. For the surface functional groups, the M−doped (M = N, P, S, O) functionalized graphene materials (G-Rs) exhibit a higher CO2/N2, CO2/H2 and CO2/CH4 adsorption selectivity than pristine graphene (G-None) in the entire pressure range. Especially, due to a stronger electrostatic interaction, the P-doped functionalized graphene materials (P-G-Rs) present the best CO2 separation performance. For the pore size, the influence of pore size on the CO2 adsorptive separation process depends on pressure ranges. At low pressures, 0.8 nm pore shows the highest CO2 adsorption selectivity. However, as for high pressure, the actual pore volume plays the dominant role. Furthermore, by analyzing the isosurface maps of electrostatic potential and van der Waals (vdW) potential, we conclude that the electrostatic effect determines the optimal adsorption sites for polar gas molecules (CO2) rather than non-polar molecules (N2, H2 and CH4), while the vdW interaction plays a secondary role in the intermolecular interaction. This study provides a novel theoretical guidance in designing and preparing modified graphene for CO2/other gas molecules mixture separation.

Non-porous covalent organic polymers enable ultrafast removal of cationic dyes via carbonyl/hydroxyl-synergetic electrostatic adsorption

Rapid and highly efficient removal of organic dyes from polluted water is of great significance for environmental protection and water resources management. Herein, an anionic covalent organic polymer (COP), denominated as COPOH+CO, with the fastest cationic dye adsorption kinetics so far was prepared and packed into solid phase extraction cartridges for rapid and automatic water treatment. As-prepared COPOH+CO contains abundant hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Compared to COPOH and COPCO, other two COPs containing only hydroxyl and carbonyl, respectively, COPOH+CO gives a maximum adsorption capacity of 813 mg·g−1 towards cationic dye methylene blue (MB), which is about 4.6 times the sum of those of COPOH (42.4 mg·g−1) and COPCO (135 mg·g−1), suggesting the existence of 1 + 1 > 2 synergy between carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Such a synergy is well demonstrated by theoretical calculation, which shows that the mutual penetration distance of electrostatic potentials in MB/COPOH+CO complex (4.722 Å) is much larger than those in MB/COPOH (0.443 Å) and MB/COPCO (1.602 Å). Although the rapid synthesis endows COPOH+CO with very poor porosity, the resulted surface adsorption avoids the long-term mass transfer, thus giving an ultra-fast adsorption kinetics with a so far fastest adsorption rate constant of 0.17 g·mg−1·s−1. This work demonstrates that by using the synergetic effect of surface functional groups, rapidly synthesized non-porous COPs may work as promising adsorbents for fast adsorption of targets.

Self-intercepting interference of hydrogen-bond induced flexible hybrid film to facilitate lithium extraction

Supported lithium-ion sieve (LIS) adsorbents have received widespread attention due to their excellent inherent adsorption potential toward lithium (Li) in the liquid Li source. However, LIS-based adsorbents still suffer from slow Li extraction rate and reduced Li selectivity caused by the embedding of the active sites and the adverse effects of high level of competing ions from the seawater/brine. Here, relying on the hydrogen bond (OMnO···HO) interaction, a LIS-based sandwich heterostructure is designed by the confinement of 0D MnO2·0.3H2O (HMO) nanoparticles into the interlayer of a flexible 2D MXene/1D cellulose nanofiber (MC) hybrid film (HMO@MC). Benefiting from the strong hydrogen bond interaction, the HMO@MC hybrid film achieves an excellent LIS utilization (up to 96 %) and a maximum Li adsorption capacity of 21.39 mg g−1, outperforming most LIS-based adsorbents. More impressively, the HMO@MC heavily reduces the Li migration barrier by self-intercepting interference through the steric hindrance effect of surface functional groups, thereby obtaining a fast Li adsorption rate (18.23 mg g−1 HMO, 12 h) and a super-high Li selectivity (e.g., Li/Na of 29231.8 and Li/Mg of 3605.9). This work offers a new adsorbent designing idea for Li extraction from liquid lithium source and will inspire more efforts in constructing LIS-based adsorbents for Li recovery.

The effect of surface functional groups on the wettability of graphene oxide coated alumina substrate: Molecular dynamics simulations

In this article, molecular dynamic simulation was used to simulate the wetting process of graphene oxide coated alumina substrate. By changing the density of hydroxyl and epoxy groups on the surface of graphene oxide, the influence mechanism of two functional groups on the wetting process of water molecules was explored. From the simulation results, the increase of hydroxyl density can enhance the wettability of the substrate and reduce the wettability angle from 64.32° to 54.20°. By calculating the formation of the hydrogen bond in the wetting process, it is found that hydroxyl can significantly raise the hydrogen bond lifetime in the system. This increasing effect is particularly prominent in the observation of the hydrogen bond between water molecules and graphene oxide. The hydrogen bond lifetime increases from 2.20 ps to 12.77 ps. The result also reflects the reason why hydroxyl increases the wettability of the substrate. In addition, the increase of hydroxyl density also brings changes in hydrogen bond behavior and the number of hydrogen bonds. Under the condition of high epoxy density, most of the hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the substrate exist in the form of single hydrogen bonds, and the number is small. When the hydroxyl density increases, double-hydrogen bond, triple-hydrogen bond and single hydrogen bond appear in the model. In this process, the number of hydrogen bonds between the water droplet and the substrate is also increasing. Temperature is an important influence on the formation and lifetime of the hydrogen bond. High temperatures can promote the formation of the hydrogen bond between alumina and water molecules. In addition, it can also decrease the lifetime of all types of hydrogen bonds. Through the free energy perturbation theory, we get the free energy of different models in the wetting process. The results show that high hydroxyl density can improve the free energy of the wetting process, reduce the ability of spontaneous desorption and increase the stability of wetting. High temperatures can reduce the free energy and lead to the occurrence of desorption behavior. This article reveals the wetting mechanism of water molecules on graphene oxide coated alumina substrate, mainly reveals the influence of hydrogen bond and the change of free energy in the wetting process, which lays a theoretical foundation for the application of graphene oxide wetted coating on the aluminum alloy surface.

Tunable polarity reversal phenomenon at the initial working state of triboelectric nanogenerator

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new energy collecting technology based on the basic principles of electrostatic induction and contact electrification (CE). In general, TENGs can be affected by residual surface charges in their initial state during continuous operation and the polarity reversal phenomenon can occur from time to time, which is a negative effect related to the sensory functions of TENG. In this work, by using electrospinning techniques, the PVA and PAN nanofiber films have been attached on different electrification materials and the polarity reversal phenomenon of TENG can be regulated by changing the thickness of the nanofiber layer. Based on Wang transition model, this tunable polarity reversal phenomenon can be explained on the basis of electrification capability and regional mosaic effect of surface functional group. At the same time, a series of additional experiments have been done to isolate the contribution of electron transfer to polarity reversal from other possible influences, such as materials transfer, while specific methods for avoiding this phenomenon are also put forward on the basis of theoretical analysis. Weakening or eliminating the negative effects of TENG during different operating conditions can provide some assurance for device stability under long-term operation.

Ozonation of phenol in the presence of biochar and carbonaceous materials: The effect of surface functional groups and graphitic structure on the formation of reactive oxygen species

To develop a novel oxidation process using ozone and carbonaceous materials for water treatment and groundwater remediation, the effect of carbonaceous materials on the ozonation of phenol was investigated via batch experiments. Anode carbonaceous material (ACM) recovered from spent Li-ion batteries, graphite, granular activated carbon (GAC), and rice straw-derived biochar were evaluated as catalysts to enhance the ozonation of phenol. Compared with direct ozonation (28% removal in 2 h), the addition of carbonaceous materials enhanced the oxidation of phenol by ozone, showing 47%, 45%, 81%, and 74% removal with ACM, graphite, GAC, and biochar, respectively. According to the quenching experiments with chemical reagents and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals (·OH), superoxide radicals (O2·-), and singlet oxygen (1O2), as well as electron transfer in the mediated-reaction, are included in the ozonation of phenol in the presence of carbonaceous materials. The oxygen-containing surface functional groups and graphitic structure are responsible for the reactive oxygen species and electron transfer reactions, respectively. Our results suggest that carbonaceous materials may be effectively used as catalysts to promote the ozonation of recalcitrant contaminants in water.

Effects of surface functional groups of the N-containing carbon support on the catalytic properties of supported palladium

Nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbons (SNMC) were shaped by the drop ball method. A SNMC and a commercial coconut shell carbon (CSC) were oxidized by nitric acid to obtain the OSNMC and OCSC supports. Then, the Pd/OSNMC, Pd/SNMC, Pd/OCSC and Pd/CSC catalysts (5%wt) were prepared to study the effects of carboxyl group on the hydrogenation of C=C double bond. The results showed that both the doped N and surface O-containing functional groups increased the dispersion and surface electron density of supported Pd, leading to the increased heats for the adsorption of hexene and H 2 and thus the increased intrinsic activity for the hydrogenation of hexene on Pd. The pre-adsorption of propionic acid (PA) significantly inhibited the adsorption of hexene and H 2 and decreased the conversion of hexene on Pd. However, the surface O-containing functional groups inhibited the adsorption of carboxyl groups and offset the inhibition effect of carboxyl groups on the hydrogenation of hexene on Pd, while the doped N atoms played the opposite role. Thus, it is expected that the surface O-containing functional groups are beneficial to the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids on Pd/C catalysts. The doped N and surface O-containing functional groups in carbon supports were electron donators that increased the electron charges of supported Pd on which the adsorption of hexene was enhanced and led to the increase in intrinsic activity for the hydrogenation of hexene. The strong adsorption of propionic acid (PA) inhibited the adsorption of hexene and lowered the conversion of hexene on Pd/C, which was offset by the surface O-containing functional groups. • Doped N in C supports enhanced dispersion of Pd and donated electron charges to Pd. • Surface O groups also enhanced dispersion of Pd and donated electron charges to Pd. • Electron enriched Pd favored adsorption of hexene and thus its hydrogenation. • Carboxyl groups strongly inhibited adsorption of hexene and thus its hydrogenation. • Surface O groups offset inhibition effect of -COOH on adsorption of hexene on Pd.

Molecule Simulation on the Effects of Surface Functional Groups of Activated Carbon on the Benzene Adsorption Performance

Molecule Simulation on the Effects of Surface Functional Groups of Activated Carbon on the Benzene Adsorption Performance

Surface Charge Density Inside a Silicon Nitride Nanopore.

Surface charges inside a nanopore determine the zeta potential and ion distributions and play a significant role in affecting ion transport and the sensitivity of detecting biomolecules. It is of great importance to study the fluctuation of surface charges with the salt concentration and pH in various applications of nanopores. Herein, we proposed a theoretical model to predict the surface charge density of a Si3N4 nanopore, in which both silanol and amine groups were taken into account. It was demonstrated that the surface charge density in the Si3N4 nanopore changes not only with pH but also with the salt concentration. The theoretical model could well predict the experimental results with different salt concentrations, pH values, and pore sizes. The effect of surface functional groups on the isopotential point (pHiep) of the Si3N4 nanopore was also systematically studied. The results indicated that the silanol groups are major determinants of the surface charge, but the influences of the amine groups should not be ignored because the small number of amine groups can change pHiep dramatically. The pHiep value of the Si3N4 nanopore was measured as 4.1, and the ratio of amine over silanol was ascertained as 0.013.

Adsorption of dyes on multifunctionalized nano-silica KCC-1

In the last few decades, the adsorption technique has attracted tremendous attention as a promising methodology for removing toxic dye pollutants from aquatic environments. Nanoporous adsorbents are one of the most popular adsorbents for dye removal. With comparing two different adsorbents, two important factors, namely adsorption capacity and adsorption time are of particular importance; the higher the adsorption capacity and the shorter the adsorption time, the better and more effective is the adsorption performance. In this paper, a multifunctionalized micro-mesoporous nano-silica KCC-1 (MF-KCC-1) adsorbent bearing 1-methylimidazolium/tetrasulfide/amine groups is synthesized by a simple post-functionalization of the pure KCC-1 for adsorption of acid orange II (AO) and acid fuchsin (AF) from water. In order to investigate the feasible mechanisms involved in the adsorption process, isotherm and kinetic studies were conducted. Among the various isotherm and kinetic models, the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic models showed the best agreement with the experimental data. The MF-KCC-1 showed a high adsorption capacity (676.7 and 621.3 mg g−1 for AO and AF) and a short adsorption time (20 min) under constant conditions (pH=3.0, adsorbent dose=0.100 g L–1, solution volume=30 mL, temperature=298 K, shaking speed=180 rpm). The results obtained in this study reveal the positive effect of surface functional groups on the adsorption performance of MF-KCC-1 as a promising nanoadsorbent.

Effects of surface functional groups of coal-tar-pitch-derived nanoporous carbon anodes on microbial fuel cell performance

Coal tar pitch, the residue generated from distillation of coal tar, is cheap, abundant, and carbon enriched. This paper evaluates the effects of the surface modification of coal-tar pitch-derived nanoporous carbons (NPCs) as anode materials on the performance of Escherichia coli (E. coli)-based microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for the first time. The coal-tar pitch precursors are heated under N2 to 450 °C (450O) and 750 °C (750X) to obtain NPCs with different concentrations of oxygen-containing functional groups. 750X is, thereafter, doped with nitrogen atoms to generate a nitrogen-doped NPCs (750N). More biofilm is formed on the 750N anode than the 750X or 450O anode because of the higher electrical conductivity and biocompatibility of 750N. As a result, a higher power output of MFC is obtained when the 750N anode is used. The maximum power density of 750N is 3772 mW m−2, while that of 750X and 450O are 2876 mW m−2 and 3562 mW m−2, respectively, demonstrating that 750N is a potential sustainable anode material for high-performance MFC applications.

The synergistic effects of surface functional groups and pore sizes on CO2 adsorption by GCMC and DFT simulations

In this work, the capture property of CO2 molecules on M-doped (M = N, P, S, and O) functionalized-graphite surfaces with different pore sizes (0.8–5.0 nm) were investigated by using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation (GCMC) and density functional theory (DFT). The synergistic effects of surface functional groups and pore sizes on the adsorption behavior of CO2 on functionalized surfaces were elucidated. At low pressures, the surface functional groups presented a significant enhancement on CO2 adsorption performance, regardless of the pore size. At high pressures, for pore size being larger than 1.0 nm, the surface functional groups made an important contribution on the saturated CO2 adsorption capacity. Among all the surface functional groups, the P-doped functionalized-graphite surfaces had a prominent influence on CO2 uptake owning to the strong electron-gaining/donating capacity and high adsorption energies. At low pressures, G-CO─PO(OH)2 exhibited a superior CO2 capture performance (6.0 mmol/cm3 for 1.0 nm pore) at 16 kPa. At high pressures, G-C3─P has the maximum CO2 uptake (15.3 mmol/cm3 for 1.0 nm pore) at 300 kPa. Based on the comprehensive research of various polar functional groups and pore sizes, this study clarified the intrinsic enhancement mechanism in adsorption capacity of functionalized-graphite surfaces, which would pave an alternative way in the design and synthesis of carbon materials for gas capture.

Comparative Study of the Impact Wedge-Peel Performance of Epoxy Structural Adhesives Modified with Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles

Epoxy structural adhesives have strong adhesion, minimal shrinkage and high thermal and chemical resistance. However, despite these excellent properties, their high-energy impact resistance should be improved to satisfy the increasing demands of the automotive industry. For this reason, we used four types of silica nanoparticles with different surface groups, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), hydroxyl, epoxy and amine groups, as toughening agents and examined their effect on the glass transition temperature (Tg), crosslinking density and phase separation of epoxy structural adhesives. High-energy impact resistance, mode I fracture toughness and lap shear strength were also measured to explain the effect of surface functional groups. Silica nanoparticles with reactive functional groups increased the mode I fracture toughness of epoxy structural adhesives without sacrificing the crosslinking density. Although the mode I fracture toughness of epoxy structural adhesives could not clearly show the effect of surface functional groups, the dynamic resistance to cleavage obtained by impact wedge-peel tests showed quite different values. At a 0.3 vol% content, epoxy-functionalized silica nanoparticles induced the highest value (40.2 N/mm) compared to PDMS (34.1 N/m), hydroxyl (34.9 N/mm), and amine (36.1 N/m). All of these values were significantly higher than those of pristine epoxy structural adhesive (27.7 N/mm).

Effects of Surface Functional Groups on Electron Transfer at Liquid-Solid Interfacial Contact Electrification.

Contact electrification (CE) at interfaces is sensitive to the functional groups on the solid surface, but its mechanism is poorly understood, especially for the liquid-solid cases. A core controversy is the identity of the charge carriers (electrons or/and ions) in the CE between liquids and solids. Here, the CE between SiO2 surfaces with different functional groups and different liquids, including DI water and organic solutions, is systematically studied, and the contribution of electron transfer is distinguished from that of ion transfer according to the charge decay behavior at surfaces at specific temperature, because electron release follows the thermionic emission theory. It is revealed that electron transfer plays an important role in the CE between liquids and functional group modified SiO2. Moreover, the electron transfer between the DI water and the SiO2 is found highly related to the electron affinity of the functional groups on the SiO2 surfaces, while the electron transfer between organic solutions and the SiO2 is independent of the functional groups, due to the limited ability of organic solutions to donate or gain electrons. An energy band model for the electron transfer between liquids and solids is further proposed, in which the effects of functional groups are considered. The discoveries in this work support the "two-step" model about the formation of an electric double-layer (Wang model), in which the electron transfer occurs first when the liquids contact the solids for the very first time.

Dielectrophoretic Crossover Frequency of Single Particles: Quantifying the Effect of Surface Functional Groups and Electrohydrodynamic Flow Drag Force.

We present a comprehensive comparison of dielectrophoretic (DEP) crossover frequency of single particles determined by various experimental methods and theoretical models under the same conditions, and ensure that discrepancy due to uncertain or inconsistent material properties and electrode design can be minimized. Our experiment shows that sulfate- and carboxyl-functionalized particles have higher crossover frequencies than non-functionalized ones, which is attributed to the electric double layer (EDL). To better understand the formation of the EDL, we performed simulations to study the relationship between initial surface charge density, surface ion adsorption, effective surface conductance, and functional groups of both functionalized and nonfunctionalized particles in media with various conductivities. We also conducted detailed simulations to quantify how much error may be introduced if concurrent electrohydrodynamic forces, such as electrothermal and electro-osmotic forces, are not properly avoided during the crossover frequency measurement.

Zr(IV) Coordination Chemistry for Cell-Repellent Alginate Coatings: The Effect of Surface Functional Groups

Surface modification using alginic acid and its salt, alginate (Alg), has attracted much attention owing to its potential applications in various fields, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, antiplatelet surface preparation, and energy-storage technologies. In these applications, efficient immobilization of Alg on the solid surface is required because the delamination of the surface-bound Alg eventually leads to a significant decrease in its function. Therefore, much effort has been made to introduce Alg onto solid surfaces in a stable manner. Despite recent advances, existing methods for immobilizing Alg on surfaces have some limitations: (i) derivatization of Alg is typically also required and (ii) these methods only function under specific reaction conditions. Herein, we report a Zr(IV)-mediated strategy to immobilize Alg on solid surfaces. We demonstrate efficient Alg grafting onto carboxyl-, catechol-, polydopamine-, and tannic acid-functionalized surfaces via Zr(IV)-mediated cross-linking reactions. This strategy yields Alg multilayers that suppress fibroblast and platelet adhesion onto the solid surfaces. Furthermore, we show that the Alg multilayers can be selectively constructed on specific sites of solid surfaces. Given its ease of use and the wide selection of available carboxyl polymers, the current strategy is expected to be a useful tool for preparing functional polymer films for various applications.