Effects Of Stress Factors Research Articles

Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of probiotic enterococcus strains in gastroenteritis in piglets

According to a number of authors, a sharp change in the type of feeding and the effects of stress factors in piglets after weaning lead to disorders not only of metabolism, but also of membrane digestion, which further contributes to a decrease in body resistance and the occurrence of various diseases of the digestive organs.In the course of our study, it was found that the use of probiotic strains Enterococcus faecium L-3 and Enterococcus faecium 1-35 for the treatment of gastroenteritis in piglets during weaning had a similar effect on restoring intestinal enzymatic activity. In piglets that were not treated with probiotics (control 1), enzymatic activity in the digestive tract was only partially normalized during the study. We also evaluated some parameters of the ongoing metabolic processes in the body of weaning piglets by studying the biochemical blood parameters of the experimental groups after prescribing the probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium L-3 (experiment 1) and Enterococcus faecium 1-35 (experiment 2) comparing them with those of the control group of animals.

Evaluation of stress factors in the metabolism of Pedra-2 yeast

The objective of this study was to evaluate the composition of the fermentation substrate as well as the effect of stress factors on the metabolism of Pedra-2 yeast. An exploratory survey was conducted for the composition of fermentable carbohydrates present in sugarcane juice. For the analyses of mineral and metal content, acid digestion of organic matter was used, determined by flame atomic absorption whit a spectroscope. The pre-inoculum was prepared whit 0.10g of the freeze-dried yeasts that were inoculated and diluted in sterile saline solution. The bioreactor with 125mL Erlenmeyer flasks, in which 50mL of sterilized sugarcane broth was added and adjusted to concentrations of 18, 25 and 32°Brix, to which the yeast colonies were inoculated with the help of a platinum loop and incubated at 30 and 40°C. Samples were collected at different times to evaluate biomass production through spectrophotometry at 570nm and cell viability by counting in a Neubauer chamber with methylene blue dye. The present study points out that the associated stress factors interfere with the studied microorganism's metabolism.

Effect of stress factors on the production of biogenic amines by lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented Mexican foods (cheese and beer)

The growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fermented foods, especially in ripened foods, could be associated with the production of biogenic amines (BAs). BAs are small, nitrogen-containing, thermostable, non-volatile organic compounds, which can induce toxic effects in food consumers. This work aimed to determine potential BAs-producer LAB strains isolated from ripened cheese and beer and to evaluate stress factors that induce the production of these metabolites. Determination of BAs-related genes in eighteen strains of LAB was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The effect of pH, NaCl concentration and ethanol concentration on the LAB growth and BAs production was evaluated. The concentration of BAs (histamine, tyrosine, putrescine and cadaverine) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, survival of selected LAB strains during beer making process was evaluated. All LAB strains could tolerate concentrations of 4 and 6 mL/100 mL of ethanol. More than one strain showed the ability to produce all the BAs studied and all beer strains were able to produce Tyramine. The pH level was the most influent factor in BAs production; pH 4 was optimal for the production of histamine (cheese and beer strains) and pH 5 for tyramine (beer strains). LAB population showed a 2-log reduction along the two initial days of fermentation. At the end of the beer making process 1.6 log of LAB were recovered. BAs production has been considered a mechanism that increases bacterial survival against acidic environment. Some LAB strains in fermented products may represent a health risk for consumers. Sanitary practices during food production and raw material quality should be complement measurements to a good control of fermentation process to minimize BAs presence in foods.

A Comprehensive Review on the Characteristics and Modeling of Lithium-Ion Battery Aging

Battery aging is one of the critical problems to be tackled in battery research, as it limits the power and energy capacity during the battery’s life. Therefore, optimizing the design of battery systems requires a good understanding of aging behavior. Due to their simplicity, empirical and semiempirical models (EMs) are frequently used in smart charging studies, feasibility studies, and cost analyses studies, among other uses. Unfortunately, these models are prone to significant estimation errors without appropriate knowledge of their inherent limitations and the interdependence between stress factors. This article presents a review of empirical and semiempirical modeling techniques and aging studies, focusing on the trends observed between different studies and highlighting the limitations and challenges of the various models. First, we summarize the main aging mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries. Next, empirical modeling techniques are reviewed, followed by the current challenges and future trends, and a conclusion. Our results indicate that the effect of stress factors is easily oversimplified, and their correlations are often not taken into account. The provided knowledge in this article can be used to evaluate the limitations of aging models and improve their accuracy for various applications.

STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE LEVEL OF ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GASTRITIS

Abstract. Aim: to study the relationship between the level of adherence to treatment of patients with chronic gastritis and psychological characteristics and the severity of stress. Materials and methods. 302 patients with chronic gastritis (CG) were examined, which, de-pending on the level of adherence to treatment, were included in 4 groups: group 1 - 96 patients with HG associated with H.pylori (HP); in group 2 - 110 patients with chronic hepatitis not associated with HP. In patients of these groups, the compliance level was observed to be high. Group 3 was formed from 36 patients with CG associated with HP who refused treatment (low compliance), in group 4 - 60 patients diagnosed with CG associated with HP, who partially complied with the doctor's recommendations (moderate compliance). The data of the life history were analyzed, in particular, they were interviewed for the influence of stressful situations in everyday life and in the process of professional activity. The degree of adherence to treatment was assessed using the Davydov Compliance Questionnaire, anxiety levels (personal and situational) were determined using the Spielberger-Khanin questionnaire, anxiety and depression levels were determined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A correlation analysis was carried out to identify associations be-tween the level of patient’s adherence to treatment with the severity of the effect of stress factors on them and indicators of psychological status. Results. It was established that the maximum result of treatment - a high degree of eradication of the causative agent of CG was observed in patients of the first group. These patients fully complied with the recommendations of the doctor, at the same time, they were characterized by a lower frequency of exposure to stress. The minimum result of treatment was typical for pa-tients of the third group, which was due to their extremely low compliance. At the same time, these patients noted a high frequency of the influence of stress factors, at the same time they had relatively low levels of anxiety, assessed by the Spielberger and HADS questionnaires. The presence of statistically significant negative correlations of the average strength of the compliance level with the frequency of exposure to stressful life situations and professional stress, as well as positive associations of the compliance level with anxiety indica-tors, was established. Conclusion. The implementation of a set of measures, including correctly organized support for a patient with chronic gastritis, methods of psychological support based on the psychological characteristics of the patient, can increase the adherence of patients to the treatment, which, in turn, increases the frequency of effective eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

Динаміка стану здоров’я школярів в Україні за даними анкетного опитування

Актуальність. За останні десятиріччя стан здоров’я та фізичний розвиток дитячого населення України погіршуються. Серед факторів, що спричиняють зниження рівня дитячого здоров’я, чи не найважливіша роль відводиться навчальному навантаженню, стресогенна дія якого веде до розвитку дезадаптаційного синдрому з невротичними реакціями різного ступеня інтенсивності. Матеріали та методи. На основі даних анкетування школярів м. Львова у 2002 р. (20 000 школярів), 2013 р. (32 000 учнів) і 2017 р. (70 000 школярів) поданий порівняльний аналіз вікової частоти основних скарг і симптомів, медико-соціальних особливостей учнів 1–11-х класів. Результати. Стан здоров’я школярів останніми роками не має тенденції до покращання. Найбільш частими є скарги школярів на біль у животі, печію, нудоту, біль голови, зниження апетиту, симптоми вегетативної лабільності й астенічного синдрому, інші симптоми синдрому шкільної дезадаптації, що, ймовірно, пов’язано з високим рівнем шкільного навантаження, неадекватним харчуванням, дією стресогенних факторів на тлі значного зниження фізичної активності школярів. Сучасний раціон школярів є незбалансованим, він не забезпечує добового надходження всіх необхідних нутрієнтів, у тому числі вітамінів і мікроелементів. Висновки. Комплексний підхід до оцінки стану здоров’я школярів на основі об’єктивної інформації, впровадження нових оздоровчих технологій, об’єднання зусиль медичних працівників, педагогів і батьків може запобігти розвитку функціональних порушень і органічної патології в школярів, їх хронізації, зменшити симптоми шкільної дезадаптації, підвищити рівень здоров’я і їх здатність до навчання, а також запобігти розвитку захворювань у дорослому віці. При цьому дана технологія не вимагає значних фінансових інвестицій.

The medical social technology of health preservation of elderly population in conditions of self-isolation

In Moscow (as of January 1, 2020), the number of population made up to 12,678,079, and out of them the elderly population made up to 2.8 million. Up to the end of 2020, the number of the elderly will reach 3.3 million requiring implementation of corresponding preventive measures due to mass prevalence of coronavirus infection. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that despite restructuring of functioning of industry, social security and health care, quarantine and self-isolation occurred to be exactly the effective measures. The self-isolation regimen also revealed aggravation of harmful effects of stress factors, hypodynamia, hypooxygenation and decreasing of immunological resistance. It is especially important to organize leisure activities and to create the most comfortable conditions for isolated living of the elderly as most susceptible to infection. The experience demonstrated that properly chosen set of activities during self-isolation regimen both disciplines and permits to apply surplus of free time to intensify health potential and to consolidate family relationships.

Effect of Stress Factors on the Coagulogram of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio

The paper presents the results of a study of the coagulogram of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following stress induced through acute hypoxia within 72 hours. In addition, stress markers (glucose, cortisol, hemoglobin) were analyzed on the basis of correlation and regression. It has been established that by the increase in thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and an increase in the level of fibrinogen in fish blood by the 4th day of the experiment, that the coagulation processes were accelerated under the influence of hypoxic stress. Also, the dynamics of the stress markers corresponds to the stages of the classical adaptation syndrome. It has been concluded that any of them can be used to indicate stressful conditions.

Field and laboratory studies of drought resistance of local and introduced common wheat genotype (Triticum aestivum L.)

Relevance and methods . The study included 32 local (materials from the “Grain and Grain and Bean Crops” department of the Institute of Genetic Resources of ANAS) and 25 CIMMYT (International Center for Corn and Wheat Improvement).In total, 57 (Triticum aestivum L.) soft wheat varieties which belong to autumn were irrigated under field conditions and the amount of chlorophyll in leaves under drought conditions was based on the Inada method (Inada, 1965. Minolta, 1989).The effects of stress factors on physiological processes, especially drought on chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b depression, were investigated using SPAD 502 Plus (Spectrum Technologies, USA) in the condition laborotory.At the same time, the amount and a / b ratio of chlorophyll (a + b) were calculated and diagnostic methods were evaluated for the drought tolerance stress of the samples. Results. As a result of the study, 21 wheat samples from 57 wheat samples in the field condition (16 local, 5 introduced), and 25 samples in laboratory conditions (13 indigenous, 12 introduced)were shown drought tolerance. Generally,there have been observed an increase in the amount of chlorophyll while study amount of chlorophyll on the sail leaves of the wheat plant with SPAD meter in laboratory conditions13 genotypes showing drought tolerance. These examples are Birlik (AZE), Durdane (AZE), Mirbashir 128 (AZE), Taraqqi (AZE), Akinchi 84 (AZE), Giymetli 2/17 (AZE), Sheki 1 (AZE), Murov 2 (AZE), Gobustan. (AZE), MV06-02 (HU-MV), TX96V2847 (US-TX), Sonmez (TR-ESK), SG-S1915 (CZ) selected for their resistance to drought stress and from these samples in the selection work on the continuity and they are also recommended to use as a starting material.

Interactive effects and competitive shift between Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Chenopodium album L. (fat-hen) under ambient and elevated ozone

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ambient and elevated O3 (ambient+20 ppb) under the competition between a crop plant Triticum aestivum L.cv. HD 2967 and a weed, Chenopodium album L. (fat-hen) grown singly and in mix-culture (1:1) using open-top chambers. The competition posed a relatively lesser effect on the growth of fat-hen as compared to the wheat under ambient O3 at both the sampling time, however, the effects of stress factors (competition and O3) were more pronounced at the reproductive stage on both the plants. Fat-hen possess a stronger antioxidative potential against elevated O3 (eO3), irrespective of competition, making it more resistant against the existing stress factors. Significant stimulation in the activities of CAT, POX, GR and SOD in fat-hen and non-enzyme antioxidants (AsA, thiols, and total phenolics) might have helped the plants to pose a superior ROS scavenging potential under competition + O3. Strong stimulation of flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin) and phenolic acid (p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) in fat-hen not only helped the plants to withstand the oxidative damage under eO3 but also might have influenced the allelopathic interaction (competition + O3). Yield loss in wheat was observed to be larger under competition + O3 (33.1%) followed by O3 (20.5%) than only under competition (16.3%). The study suggests stringent weed management strategies to be established recognizing the existing threat from O3 to the productivity of a staple crop-wheat.

Blood morphological and biochemical parameters of broiler chickens by use of aggregate-resistant vitamin-mineral complex based on selenium under conditions of heat stress

Heat stress is still one of the main problemsin poultry breeding. Depression of the general condition, decreased productivity, worsened conversion parameters, decreased egg production are just some of the adverse effects of stress factors. As one of the ways to deal with heat stress, veterinary pharmacology creates different constructions of mono- and multivitamin complexes. These complexes are designed to reduce or completely neutralize the negative effects of stress. Despite the declared by the manufacturers balance of feed for poultry, the need for additional introduction of vitamin complexes into the diet is confirmed by hundreds of scientific studies and world practices. This article has the results of the study evaluating the impact of the developed aggregate-resistant vitamin-mineral complex based on selenium with a particle size of 20 to 60 nm on broiler chickens by Cobb-500 cross raised under heat stress. Like an analogue drug, was used Solvimin Selenium. It was found that anemia was recorded on the 21st day. The observed leukocytosis is an increase in the number of neutrophils and basophils in the peripheral blood. The biochemical composition of the blood of broiler chickens shows a pronounced stress effect on the body of birds of all experimental groups. All experimental groups had a decrease in total protein, albumin and urea with an increase in creatinine after 7 days from the start of the study. Changing the level of glucose in the blood serum allows us to conclude, that broilers in the control group have more stress tolerance. There are deviations not only in the control group, but also in the experimental groups. But, birds treated with vitamin-mineral complexes have the development of adaptive mechanisms, and a less pronounced negative effect of the temperature stress factor is noted.

НОВІТНІ БІОТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ СВИНЕЙ В УМОВАХ ПРОМИСЛОВОГО СВИНАРСТВА

Висвітлено сучасне розуміння ефективності новітніх методів біотехнології відтворення свиней, які спрямовані на зменшення впливу негативних факторів промислового свинарства. Проаналізовано вплив стрес- факторів на репродуктивну здатність свиней та визначені ефективні способи за-побігання гальмуванню відтворювальної функції. Встановлено, що отримання високопродуктивних нащадків розпочинається з формування біологічно повноцінних гамет і нормального їх злиття, яке досягається завдяки застосуванню методу штучного осіменіння. Виявлено, що використання внутрішньоматкового методу дає змогу осіменяти свиноматок малими спермодозами, збільшуючи при цьому кількість запліднених свиноматок (відсоток заплідненості). З метою довготривалого зберігання генофонду високоцінних кнурів-плідників використовують метод кріоконсервації сперміїв. Успіхи від використання цього методу насамперед залежать від складу розріджувачів та програм заморожування, де перспективним залишається використання спермальної плазми та кріопротек-торів нового покоління. З’ясовано, що ефективна інтенсифікація відтворної здатності свиней мож-лива лише в разі застосуванні біотехнологічних прийомів ‒ стимуляції й синхронізації охоти та ову-ляції у свиноматок, що базуються на закономірностях зміни гормонального профілю залежно від їх фізіологічного стану. Для цього використовують біологічно активні речовини та фармакологічні засоби (гормональні препарати та комплекси вітамінів). Встановлено, що для забезпечення ритміч-ності виробництва свинини через синхронізацію опоросів використовують простагландини. Викори-стання методів синхронізації опоросів дозволяє, без шкоди для поросят і свиноматок, регулювати тривалість поросності, скоротити кількість мертвонародженого молодняка, зменшити вікові розбіжності між ними, витримувати крок ритму виробництва та звести до мінімуму трудові вит-рати. Визначено, що раннє та своєчасне відлучення поросят дає можливість підвищити інтенсив-ність використання свиноматок, знизити виснаженість організму та уникнути затримки статевої охоти. З метою зниження негативних факторів у період відлучення перспективним є використання підгодівлі поросят вітамінами антиоксидантної дії (вітаміни А,Е,С) та Селеном у вигляді кормових добавок, що підвищує функціональний стан печінки, резистентність організму та в подальшому скорочує період їх вирощування до забійних кондицій.

СУТНІСТЬ ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ПРИКЛАДНОЇ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ПОЛІЦЕЙСЬКИХ

Мета. Розкрити сутність професійно-прикладної фізичної підготовки майбутніх поліцейських тавизначити перспективні підходи щодо її удосконалення. Методи. В роботі використано аналіз наукових джерел і документальних матеріалів. Результати. Проаналізовано дослідження зарубіжних і вітчизняних науковців про види та шляхи покращення підготовки майбутніх поліцейських. Встановлено, що досягнення високого рівня професійної компетентності майбутніми працівниками Національної поліції, курсантам необхідно пройти різнопланову підготовку, а саме: службову, вогневу, фізичну та психологічну. Окрім цього майбутній поліцейський повинен здобути професійні вміння, навики та якості які готують його до майбутньої професії. При цьому пріоритет надається психофізичним якостям. Адже тривала дія стресогенних чинників, наявність реальної загрози для життя, висока ймовірність загибелі чи поранення висувають високі вимоги не тільки до рівня професійних знань, але й до фізичного протистояння порушникам правопорядк,у шляхом використання прийомів самозахисту та затримання злочинців. Курсантам закладів вищої освіти України під час їх навчання викладаються такі дисципліни як “фізична підготовка” та “спеціальна фізична підготовка”. Дані дисципліни реалізуються протягом всього періоду навчання. Навчальна програма по цим дисциплінам включає в себе такі розділи як: теоретична та методична підготовка, загальна фізична підготовка та тактика самозахисту й особиста безпека. Висновок. Для формування та удосконалення психофізичних властивостей у курсантів викладачі обирають найбільш ефективні та необхідні засоби, методи і форми навчання. При цьому, велика кількість навчального матеріалу залишається не засвоєною, через певні причини, а саме: низький вихідний рівень фізичної підготовленості курсантів (так званий “доступний” рівень). Фізична підготовленість у понад 40% абітурієнтів є низькою і з року в рік погіршується; відсутня належна мотивація покращення своїх фізичних можливостей; тематичний план не охоплює усіх проблемних питань з удосконаленняпсихофізичного стану, оволодіння прийомами боротьби та рукопашного бою; мала кількість навчальних годин, які виділяють на загальну та спеціальну фізичну підготовку. Отже виникає нагальна потреба розробки нових підходів щодо психофізичної підготовки майбутніх поліцейських.Ключові слова: професійно-прикладна фізична підготовка, психофізичні якості, майбутні поліцейські.

The reaction of soybean symbiotic apparatus to losses of water content in leaves and roots, induced by continuous action of drought

The reaction of the soybean symbiotic apparatus inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and Tn5 mutants, which were different in efficiency, was studied for the loss of water content in leaves and roots induced by prolonged drought, as well as the seed productivity of the formed symbiotic systems. To conduct researches were used microbiological, physiological, biochemical methods, gas chromatography and spectrophotometry. The objects of the study were selected symbiotic systems formed with the participation of soybean plants and strains B. japonicum 646 (active, virulent) and 604k (inactive, highly virulent), as well as Tn5-mutants – B1-20 (active, virulent) and 107 (low-active, virulent) obtained by the method of transposon mutagenesis in the department of symbiotic nitrogen fixation at the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Before sowing, sterilized with 70 % ethanol and washed under running water for 1 h, the seeds were inoculated with suspensions of nodules bacteria (the titre of the suspension was 108 cells in 1 ml). The combined model drought was created during 12 days by stopping watering of plants up to 40 % of full moisture content starting from the stage of two true leaves and gradual transfer of watering to 30 % of full moisture content in the stage of three true leaves and budding - the beginning of flowering. After the stopping of drought, the moisture content of the substrate was adjusted to 60 % of full moisture content (watering recovery) into the stage of mass flowering. Control plants were inoculated by rhizobium culture, as well as plants without inoculation, which grew for optimal watering. It was investigated that in symbiotic systems formed with the participation of soybean and the active strain B. japonicum (646) and Tn5-mutant (B1-20) there was no significant reduction in the water content of plants under drought conditions and the effective work of the symbiotic apparatus was recorded, which contributed to the preservation of seed productivity. Ineffective symbiotic systems observed significant losses in water content and inhibition of the process of nodulation (strain 604k) and nitrogen fixation (Tn5-mutants 107), which was accompanied by significant losses of soybean crop yields. As a result of the research, it was concluded that in soil-climatic conditions with insufficient rainfall and frequent droughts, effective symbiotic systems should be used, which will promote the optimal functioning of the symbiotic apparatus and preserve the seed productivity of soybeans by adaptive regulation of water balance and fixation of molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere. The study of the functioning of leguminous plants in symbiosis with strains of nodule bacteria is important for finding effective symbiotic systems that are able to realize their adaptive potential for the effects of stress factors, in particular drought. Effective symbiotic relationships are the main source of nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems, which will reduce the need to enrich the soil with chemical compounds and provide additional economic and environmental advantage.

Влияние глицилпролина на показатели стимулированной карбахолом желудочной секреции у крыс в условиях многокомпонентного стресса

В экспериментах на крысах изучали влияние пептида глицилпролина (Gly-Pro) на стимулированную карбахолом секреторную активность желудка в условиях многокомпонентного стресса. Воздействие стрессирующих факторов (иммобилизация, оперативное вмешательство, процедура инъекции) в различных сочетаниях и последовательности сопровождалось формированием 3 типов ответных реакций желудка на холинергическую стимуляцию его секреции: нормергический, гипоергический и гиперергический. Gly-Pro модулирует холинергические влияния на желудочную секрецию в условиях многокомпонентного стресса, формируя нормергический уровень активности органа у всех животных. Исследование пептида выявило границы нормы реакции разных показателей желудочной секреции у крыс.

КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЮ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРОДУКЦИИ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА В УСЛОВИЯХ ТЕХНОГЕННОГО ПРЕССИНГА

In the conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure on the environment, the issues of developing and applying effective means and methods for preventing the admission and cumulation of xenobiotics in the organism of animals and the products obtained become of high importance. At the same time, it is necessary to solve such issues as deficiencies of micro and macro elements in soils, feed and the body, the effect of oxidative stress, immune deficiency and other problems that are closely interrelated with the effect of ecotoxicants on the body. The solution of practical problems of preserving animal health and producing safe products in ecologically unfavorable regions consists in the development of an integrated livestock breeding system, which allows minimizing the migration of a particular ecotoxicant in the trophic chain soil-feed-animal-production and compensating for negative processes developing in the body of animals as a result of exposure of harmful environmental factors, mineral and vitamin deficiencies and imbalances in rations, chronic effects of stress factors, immunodeficiency, etc. The article presents a set of measures to ensure the production of safe products in the conduct of animal husbandry in regions with high anthropogenic load, the main attention is paid to the development of compositions of sorption-detoxifying agents and private technologies of their application

Effect of Stress Factors of Stress Response Inventory on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function

Effect of Stress Factors of Stress Response Inventory on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function

РОЛЬ ЦИТОСКЕЛЕТА ПРИ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ В СТРЕССОВЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ

The article presents the results of the action of cytochalazine B on the change in the topography of the membranes of red blood cells and the rearrangement of cytoskeleton elements using scanning electron microscopy. In the course of the studies, the degree of violation of the structure of membrane proteins, changes in the shape of cells and cytoskeleton elements, which are observed during castration of boars, were studied. The dynamics of changes in the architectonics of erythrocyte membranes is one of the characteristics of the etiopathogenesis of a number of disorders in the normal functioning of the individual. These changes were evaluated on blood samples using scanning electron microscopy. Red blood cells were pre-fixed under conditions excluding deformation of the cell surface. Dehydration in alcohol solutions of increasing concentration was carried out, dried by the transition of the critical point of CO2 in the HCP-Hitachi installation. During the study, changes in the surface relief of cell membranes characteristic of this cytostatic were observed. Under the action of the drug cytochalasin B, the formation of rare long strands with high optical density was observed when stained according to Heidenhain. The significant heterogeneity in the color intensity was noted, areas of dense hematoxylin staining were identified as well. The localization zones of actin are shown in the near-membrane regions after 30-45 minutes of cytochalazine action. The use of the drug Cytochalazine B in an isosmotic environment leads to an internal rearrangement of erythrocyte membrane proteins, and also determines a change in the shape of cells. This effect can be considered an analogue of the stress factor. Under simulated conditions, the mechanisms of membrane-destructive action on erythrocyte cytokarkas proteins are triggered, leading to a change in the surface of the membrane and, as a result, a violation of some parameters of the microvasculature. It can be assumed that this model of stress exposure can be used to assess the effect of stress factors on the phospholipid matrix of the blood erythrocyte membrane.

Effect of Pre-/ Postnatal Hypoxia on Pyruvate Kinase in Rat Brain

The effect of hypoxic hypoxia on the pyruvate kinase (PK) activity in the brain structures of white rats during ontogenesis in a comparative aspect has been studied. A clear dependence could be established in the increase of PK activity from an oxygen deficient state, the age of animals, the studied structure of the brain and the prolonged effect of hypoxia. Prenatal exposure to hypoxia has shown that the PK activity is not restored to the control value level in postnatal development. After postnatal exposure to hypoxia with increasing age in animals, the PK activity gets more resistant to the effect of stress-factors. The data analysis indicates that the increasing exhaustion of energy resources necessary for normal cell functioning makes an important contribution to the development of hypoxic state and the insufficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, the main energy forming system which underlies these disturbances. Energy-shortage, in its turn causes a variety of secondary negative metabolic alterations and gives rise to free radical oxidation in the cells. An explanation of the obtained results suggested can be considered as an evidence of the realization of the biological effect of hypoxia through the oxidative mechanism.

Метод оценки пигментного комплекса древесных растений как индикатор адаптации к засушливым условиям

Актуальность темы исследований связана с подбором адаптированного генофонда деревьев и кустарников для обогащения лесомелиоративных комплексов деградированных ландшафтов в условиях действия стресс-факторов. Опыт интродукции в аридном поясе России показал, что из нескольких тысяч таксонов испытанных деревьев и кустарников способны успешно произрастать чуть более трехсот. Для решения проблемы научно-обоснованного подбора ассортимента для обогащения дендрофлоры с учетом лимитирующих стресс-факторов роста и развития растений в различных экологических условиях необходимо проводить специальные эксперименты с глубоким обобщением и анализом полученных результатов. Результаты эксперимента напрямую зависят от эффективности используемых методов. Цель исследований – провести сравнительную оценку и установить различия в состоянии пигментного комплекса под воздействием стресс-факторов с использованием современного портативного флавонид- и хлорофиллометра DUALEX SCIENTIFIC+. В статье рассмотрена возможность определения устойчивости растительных организмов к стресс-факторам по пигментному комплексу. На основе сравнительной оценки количественных измерений хлорофилла а и b, каротиноидов, антоцианов листьев в полевых условиях с использованием современного портативного флавонид- и хлорофиллометра DUALEX SCIENTIFIC+ выявлены закономерности изменения содержания пигментного комплекса, отражающие адаптационные возможности растений. Объектами исследований являлись представители видового, формового и сортового разнообразия деревьев и кустарников коллекционного фонда ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН, произрастающих в Кластерном дендрологическом парке ВНИАЛМИ (34:34:060061:10; ФГУП «Волгоградское», 34:34:000000:122). Представлен анализ апробации полевого метода оценки пигментного комплекса (хлорофилл а и b, каротиноиды, антоцианы), на базе спектров оптических длин волн в здоровых растениях приемлемый для получения количественных данных в пространственных и временных масштабах. Полученные материалы согласуются с зарубежными исследованиями и отмечают варьирование содержания пигментного комплекса под действием экологических факторов в период вегетации. Установлен диапазон содержания хлорофилла а+б у древесных видов от 11,50 до 46,95 мг/см2. Выявлены различия на действие стресс-факторов (температура воздуха – 34,42-35,48 ºС, влажность воздуха – 15,5-16,0 %) по содержанию флавоноидов (у деревьев от 0,41 до 2,19 мг/см2, кустарников – от 0,82 до 2,08 мг/см2 и антоцианов (от 0,08 до 0,29 мг/см2). Проведенный анализ динамики пигментного комплекса позволил выделить перспективные группы растений (виды, формы, сорта) по их адаптивности к различным неблагоприятным воздействиям окружающей среды. The relevance of the research topic is related to the selection of adapted gene pool of trees and shrubs for the enrichment of forest reclamation complexes of degraded landscapes under the influence of stress factors. The experience of introduction in the arid zone of Russia showed that of several thousand taxa of tested trees and shrubs can successfully grow a little more than three hundred. To solve the problem of scientifically based selection of the range for the enrichment of dendroflora, taking into account the limiting stress factors of plant growth and development in various environmental conditions, it is necessary to conduct special experiments with a deep generalization and analysis of the results. The results of the experiment directly depend on the efficiency of the methods used. The aim of the research is to compare and establish differences in the state of the pigment complex under the influence of stress factors using modern portable flavonide and CHLOROPHYLL dualex SCIENTIFIC+. The article considers the possibility of determining the resistance of plant organisms to stress factors on the pigment complex. On the basis of comparative evaluation of quantitative measurements of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, leaf anthocyanins in the field using modern portable flavonide and chlorophyll meter DUALEX SCIENTIFIC+ the regularities of changes in the content of the pigment complex, reflecting the adaptive capacity of plants. Objects of research were representatives of the species, molded and varietal diversity of trees and shrubs collection Fund FNTS Agroecology Russian Academy of Sciences, a Cluster growing in the arboretum Park VNIALMI (34:34:060061:10; Federal state unitary enterprise "Volgograd", 34:34:000000:122). The paper presents an analysis of the field method of evaluation of pigment complex (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, anthocyanins) on the basis of optical wavelength spectra in healthy plants acceptable for quantitative data in spatial and temporal scales. The obtained materials are consistent with foreign studies and note the variation in the content of the pigment complex under the influence of environmental factors during the growing season. The range of chlorophyll a+b content in tree species was established from 11.50 to 46.95 mg/cm2. Differences in the effect of stress factors (air temperature-34,42-35,48 ° C, air humidity-15,5 – 16,0 %) in the content of flavonoids (in trees from 0,41 to 2,19 mg/cm2, shrubs-from 0.82 to 2.08 mg/cm2 and anthocyanins (from 0.08 to 0.29 mg/cm2). The analysis of the pigment complex dynamics made it possible to identify promising groups of plants (species, forms, varieties) according to their adaptability to various adverse environmental effects.