Effect Of Storage Containers Research Articles

Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Household Drinking Water from Source to Point of Use in Akewu Community in Ibadan, Oyo State, Southwest, Nigeria

Poor household water storage is one of the major factors contributing to contamination of drinking water in Nigeria. Studies have shown that sizes of containers opening can affect water quality, but little has been documented on comparative effect of storage containers with different opening sizes in improving drinking water quality in Ibadan. This study was designed to assess the effect of different storage containers on household drinking water quality in selected communities in Ibadan. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Four communities in Ibadan North Local Government namely; Akewu using protected springs as household drinking water sources were purposively selected. Forty-four households (11 from each community) were selected and randomly assigned to four treatment groups; those with Covered Buckets with Taps (CBT), Covered Buckets without Tap (CB), Covered Kegs with Taps (CKT) and Covered Kegs without Tap (CK). Prior to introducing the treatment containers, water samples were collected from their Regular Storage Containers (RSC) and springs for physicochemical and bacteriological analysis using standard methods. Participants were thereafter encouraged to store drinking water in the treatment containers provided for them. Water samples were later collected from CBT, CB, CKT and CK containers twice daily for 3 alternate days over two weeks for bacteriological analysis. In addition, oldest female of selected households were interviewed using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire to elicit information on their socio-demographic characteristics, storage container cleaning and handwashing practices. Results of physicochemical and bacteriological findings were compared with Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) guidelines. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t- test and ANOVA at p=0.05. At baseline, mean pH values of water samples from the springs and RSC were 6.4±0.6 and 7.1±0.7 respectively compared with 6.5-8.5 limits recommended by SON. Mean chloride concentration of springs (14.3±7.4mg/l) and RSC (19.3±10.0 mg/l) samples were below 250mg/l limit recommended by SON. Mean Total Coliform Count (TCC) of the springs in the four communities was 18.0±4.0 and mean TCC of RSC was 12.7±4.9 which exceeded the SON standard of 10MPN/100ml. Five percent of water samples from RSC had mean E.coli count of 100/100ml compared with SON guidelines of 0/100ml. The mean TCC after introducing CB, CBT, CK and CKT in all the communities were 10.0±4.0, 8.5±4.2, 6.9±2.8 and 7.3±3.7 respectively (p<0.05). No E.coli was found in the samples collected from the treatment storage containers. The percentage difference of coliform count in water from springs and RSC was 29.4% while percentage difference from RSC and CB, CBT, CK and CKT were 21.5%, 33.2%, 45.5% and 42.5% respectively. Mean age of the 44 respondents interviewed was 37.9±10.7years. Seventy-three percent washed their hands with only water after defecation and 95.0% stored water for cooking and drinking in the same container. Sixty-eight percent cleaned their containers weekly while 32.0% cleaned twice weekly.

Effect of Storage Containers on Nutritional Qualitiy of Indegenous Scented Rice (cv. Gobindabhog)

A storage study was done during 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Rice Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, BCKV, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India. The change in mean relative humidity over two years from 71.2 (2-month) to 82.2% (6-month) in the laboratory experiments probably caused a slight increasing trend in moisture content in grain irrespective of storage container used in the study. The variation in material of the containers including their temperature sensitivity, porosity, etc. influenced the moisture content of whole paddy grains at different storage period during both 2011 and 2012. Among containers (viz. Gunny bag, Polythene bag, Cloth bag, Earthen pot and Galvanized iron (GI) bin), earthen pot recorded lowest moisture content than other four tested in the experiment. The physical properties of grain (viz. kernel length, kernel breadth, L / B ratio, shape, colour, etc.) did not differ significantly among five storage containers during the ageing or storage period. On an average, the protein content in the Gobindabhog rice grain remained largely unchanged during entire 6-month storage time, but amylose content improved slightly upto 4-month, and alkali value and elongation ratio upto 6-month period including non-significant variations among the containers in the experiment. There was a steady decrease in intensity of aroma of Gobindabhog rice during post-harvest storage from 2-month to 6-month period irrespective of container used in the study. The average aroma score over containers after 2-month storage (score 2.53 ± 0.18) declined by 13.83% after 4-month (score 2.18 ± 0.06) and 29.64% after 6-month (score 1.78 ± 0.37). Among storage containers, earthen pot performed best for retention of aroma while jut-made gunny bag appeared unfit for long-term storage of Gobindabhog paddy with respect to grain quality parameters, especially aroma.

Effect of Storage Containers to Stabilize the Seed Quality in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Seed detoriation is a mjor constraint for right production of different crops and detoriation of seeds starts with physiological maturity of crop up to storage. The process of seed deterioration may be related to various physiological changes, such as a continuous fall in germinability, an increase in mean germination time, an increase in aberrant seedling frequency, and a lower tolerance to unfavourable climatic conditions. Numerous physical and chemical factors, such as moisture content, atmospheric relative humidity, temperature, preliminary seed quality, the physical and chemical makeup of the seed, gaseous exchange, storage structure, storage materials, etc., affect the viability and vigour of the seeds while they are in storage in addition to varying from genus to genus and variety to variety. Seeds of wheat variety, Sharbati C306 was stored in different containers i.e., Polyethylene bag, Muslin cloth bag and Bamboo storage structure in the laboratory. Effect of storage containers were analysed for various storage period and found that all the containers are significantly with various parameters. The polythene bag recorded the least insect infestation (5.94%) and electrical conductivity (21.25), whereas, polythene was found to be effective in maintaining seed and seed quality parameters with highest germination (87.00%), mean seedling length (12.92 cm), seed vigor index was 1 (1125.65) and 2 (25.23), Dry weight (0.297 gm), test weight (43.79 gm) and biochemicals i.e., Carbohydrate (71.00%) and gluten (11.36%).

The Effect of storage containers, temperatures and periods on seed germination of Acacia nilotica (L.): Factors affecting on germination of Acacia

Acacia nilotica (L.) commonly known as babul is a multipurpose nitrogen fixing tree of tropical and subtropical regions. It provides timber, fuel, shade, food, fodder, dye and gum. Seed maturity indices were studied and seeds collected during 2nd week of June (5th collection) resulted maximum germination (85.2+0.46 %). At this stage, the colour of pod and seed was yellowish white and brownish black, respectively.In ordinary storage conditions, seeds get damaged due to insect pest attacks. Hence, a study was conducted to standardize the optimum seed storage conditions for getting maximum germination.The seeds were stored up to 600days in different containers at different temperaturesviz. poly bag at room temperature 15-400C (B1T1), poly bag at BOD250C (B1T2), poly bag at refrigerator 50C (B1T3), paper bag at room temperature 15-400 C (B2T1), paper bag at BOD 250C (B2T2),paper bag at refrigerator 50 C (B2T3), cloth bag at room temperature 15-400 C (B3T1), cloth bag at BOD 250C (B3T2) and cloth bag at refrigerator 50 C (B3T3). The results revealed that seeds stored for 15 days in poly bag at refrigerator 50C(B1T3) recorded the maximum germination of 85.2 % and 81.12 % in laboratoryand field conditions, respectively.The seed germination decreased with advancement of storage period in all the storage treatments. However, after 600 days of storage period, the maximum seed germination (59.1%) was recorded in B1T3in laboratory conditions.The seeds stored in poly bags as well as in cloth bags and stored in refrigerator gave maximum germination in laboratory and field conditions. Hence, it may be concluded that the seeds ofA. nilotica can be stored either in poly bag or in cloth bag in refrigerator at 50 C for long term storage to get maximum germination.

Effect of Storage Containers on the Microbial Load of Domestic Water from Three Sources Treated with Moringa oleifera and Citrullus lanatus Seed Powders

Aim: The effect of storage containers on the microbial load of domestic water from three sources treated with Moringa oleifera and Citrullus lanatus seed powders in Lekwesi, Abia State was assessed.
 Study Design: The jar test method was used for the treatments. One gram (1.0g) each of the plant seed (Moringa oleifera and water melon seeds) was weighed and was added separately into 1000 ml of water samples in the different storage containers (clay lined pots, iron/steel tanks and polypyrene plastic drums, respectively). The mixture was stirred rapidly for 3 minutes and allowed to stand undisturbed for 1 hour, after which the top water was decanted.
 Place and Duration of Study: Advanced Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Gregory University Uturu, from May to July, 2018.
 Methodology: Tenfold serial dilutions was used for processing of all the water samples, after which the volume of exactly 0.5ml of the water sample was planted on the media using the spread plate method and incubated appropriately and other standard microbiological methods were employed to determine microbial loads.
 Results: The river water samples had the highest microbial load of 1.2x103-2.0x108cfu/ml and were reduced to 1.8x107cfu/ml and 1.8x108cfu/ml by M. oleifera and C. lanatus seed powders after an hour of storage respectively. The well water samples had the least microbial counts of 0.9 x101-1.2 x104 cfu/ml, and were reduced to 0.5x101cfu/ml and 5.9 x103cfu/ml by M. oleifera and C. lanatus seed powders respectively. The potential pathogenic bacteria (TPPB) were reduced to 3.0 x102cfu/ml by M. oleifera, while C. lanatus was unable to reduce the TPPB after an hour. The microbial load decreased constantly within 24h in the various storage containers (steel, clay and plastic), but increased steadily from 72h to the 336h of post storage. The clay-lined and iron-steel pots maintained the same microbial counts after 4h post storage, but differed significantly after 24h, while the polypyrene plastic drum had the highest microbial count. There was absence of TPPB and Total Faecal Coliform Count (TFCC) in the well water samples after the treatment with M. oleifera.
 Conclusion: M. oleifera was found to be a better water treatment than C. lanatus, while the clay-lined pot served as the best domestic water storage container.

Effect of Storage Containers and Lengths of Storage on the Germination, Moisture Content and Pest Infestation of Wheat Seed

Abstract A laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dianjpur-5200, Bangladesh to evaluate the storage containers and duration of seed storage on the germinability and health of wheat seeds. The experiment was carried out in two factors, viz. three storage containers naming i) sealed tin container, ii) plastic container, iii) gunny bag, and four storage periods of i) 15 days, ii) 30 days, iii) 45 days, and iv) 60 days. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used in this experiment with eight replications. The results revealed that the germination percentages (GP) of the seeds stored in the gunny bag decreased quickly from 66.1 to 32.8% due to contained with high moisture content in seed. But, slowly decreasing trends of GP from 80.4% to 69.2% was observed in the sealed tin container seeds with lesser moisture content than that of gunny bag and plastic container. The reduction of GP was so higher of 50.38% in the seeds contained in gunny bag than that of only 13.93% in the seeds contained sealed tin container. Wheat seeds stored in sealed tin container, plastic container and gunny bag significantly increased moisture content in ambient condition for 60 DAS. The moisture content of the seeds stored in gunny bag was found to rise remarkably more than other containers. This escalation of seed moisture content was closely related to the surrounding environmental conditions, like temperature and relative humidity where seeds were stored. The rate seed deterioration in gunny bag and plastic container paralleled the level of invasion by storage insect was found. During storage period, insect infected the seeds, and the insect bitten seeds were also found higher in gunny bag and plastic container, but lower in sealed container. Wheat seeds should be stored in air tight sealed container and drying should be done after some days of storage (45-60 DAS).

Effect of Storage Containers on Seed Mycoflora and Seed Health of Green Gram (Vigna Radiata L.)and its Cure with Botanicals

Effect of Storage Containers on Seed Mycoflora and Seed Health of Green Gram (Vigna Radiata L.)and its Cure with Botanicals

Effect of Storage Containers on Quality of Household Drinking Water in Urban Communities in Ibadan, Nigeria

<p>The method of storage is essential in maintaining water purity and safety for drinking purposes. This study assessed the effect of various storage containers on household drinking water quality in a resource-limited setting. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Four communities using protected springs as household drinking water sources were purposively selected. Forty-four households were selected and randomly assigned to four treatment groups; namely Covered Buckets with Taps (CBT), Covered Buckets without Tap (CB), Covered Kegs with Taps (CKT) and Covered Kegs without Tap (CK). Physicochemical analysis and bacteriological analysis were carried out on the water samples before and after they were put in the containers. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 12. At baseline, mean pH values of water samples from the springs and RSC were 6.4±0.6 and 7.1±0.7 respectively which were above the recommended. Mean chloride concentration of springs (14.3±7.4mg/l) and RSC (19.3±10.0 mg/l) samples were below recommended. Mean Total Coliform Count (TCC) of the springs in the four communities was 18.0±4.0 and mean TCC of RSC was 12.7±4.9. Five percent of water samples from RSC had mean <em>E.coli</em> count of 100/100ml. The mean TCC after introducing CB, CBT, CK and CKT in all the communities were 10.0±4.0, 8.5±4.2, 6.9±2.8 and 7.3±3.7 respectively (p<0.05). The use of covered kegs without tap was best in reducing contaminants in drinking water. Education on appropriate household drinking water storage and handling practices is recommended.</p>

Effect of Storage Containers on Quality of Household Drinking Water in Urban Communities in Ibadan, Nigeria

<p>The method of storage is essential in maintaining water purity and safety for drinking purposes. This study assessed the effect of various storage containers on household drinking water quality in a resource-limited setting. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Four communities using protected springs as household drinking water sources were purposively selected. Forty-four households were selected and randomly assigned to four treatment groups; namely Covered Buckets with Taps (CBT), Covered Buckets without Tap (CB), Covered Kegs with Taps (CKT) and Covered Kegs without Tap (CK). Physicochemical analysis and bacteriological analysis were carried out on the water samples before and after they were put in the containers. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 12. At baseline, mean pH values of water samples from the springs and RSC were 6.4±0.6 and 7.1±0.7 respectively which were above the recommended. Mean chloride concentration of springs (14.3±7.4mg/l) and RSC (19.3±10.0 mg/l) samples were below recommended. Mean Total Coliform Count (TCC) of the springs in the four communities was 18.0±4.0 and mean TCC of RSC was 12.7±4.9. Five percent of water samples from RSC had mean <em>E.coli</em> count of 100/100ml. The mean TCC after introducing CB, CBT, CK and CKT in all the communities were 10.0±4.0, 8.5±4.2, 6.9±2.8 and 7.3±3.7 respectively (p<0.05). The use of covered kegs without tap was best in reducing contaminants in drinking water. Education on appropriate household drinking water storage and handling practices is recommended.</p>

Effect of Storage Containers on Quality of Household Drinking Water in Urban Communities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Effect of Storage Containers on Quality of Household Drinking Water in Urban Communities in Ibadan, Nigeria

Effect of Storage Containers and Storage Periods on The Seed Quality of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, HSTU, Dinajpur during April – July 2010 to know the effect of abiotic and biotic factors, storage periods and storage containers on the seed quality of French bean. Tin container showed the highest germination, normal seedlings and vigour index which were followed by polythene bag, where Gunny bag showed the lowest germination, normal seedlings and vigour index upto 60 days after storage. The highest 1000-seed weight, moisture content, abnormal seedlings, seed rot and incidence of the Fusarium oxysporum were recorded in Gunny bag, where the lowest of these parameters were recorded in Tin container. Seed colour of Tin container were more or less same as initial colour, but seeds of Gunny bag were changed into fade or brown colour at 60 days after storage. Moisture content, 1000-seed weight, abnormal seedlings, seed rot, fungi association were increased, but germination and normal seedlings were decreased with the increase of storage periods. Among the three containers, Tin container was the best and the Gunny bag was the worst storage containers upto 60 days of storage for French bean seed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11221 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 195-205, June 2012

Effect of storage containers on infestation of split dried ginger rhizome by Stegobium paniceum (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)

Three storage containers, polyethylene bag 130um, polyethylene bag 20um, thick and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) brown paper sampling bag were evaluated for their effectiveness in protecting split dried ginger rhizome against a beetle borer, Stegobium paniceum L. After seven months of storage, ginger specimens stored in polyethylene bag 130um thick and IITA brown sampling bags remained better protected against infestation by S. paniceum. Weight loss observed was mostly due to S. paniceum feeding activities as only about 0.2% weight loss was due to natural drying of the specimens. Ginger powder obtained by milling the uninfested split dried ginger after seven months of storage retained desired culinary qualities. Split dried ginger rhizomes can therefore be stored in sealed polyethylene bags 130um thick, which are more durable and water resistant than IITA brown paper sampling bags.

Recommendations Concerning Materials and Pumping Systems Used in the Sampling of Groundwater Contaminated with Volatile Organics

Abstract Laboratory and field studies were performed at the River Road Laboratories of Environment Canada, to evaluate the effect of storage containers, tubing material and pumping method on the integrity of groundwater samples contaminated with volatile organics. The work was aimed at establishing a sampling protocol which can be easily adapted to a variety of field situations and which preserves sample integrity at every stage from collection to analysis. In the laboratory, storability studies were conducted on prepared samples containing a suite of 15 volatile aliphatic, halogenated aliphatic and aromatic compounds, in both glass vials and in Tedlar bags developed during the project. Glass was found to be the preferred container for the storability of samples. Leaching studies were carried out on both Teflon and polyethylene tubing (100 ft., 0.2″ i.d.); neither material was found to substantially contaminate organic-free deionized water. Sorption studies conducted on the same tubing sample 9 indicated that polyethylene sorbs the organics to a substantially greater degree than Teflon. However, representative samples can be obtained through both tubing materials provided that a flushing procedure is followed prior to sample collection. In the field, tests were carried out to determine if sampling into glass vials (significant sample/air contact during collection) introduces any bias to prepared standards. The results suggest that a closed sampling system is preferred. However, all vial samples were collected without analytically significant losses of volatiles. Tubing performance was tested at specially designed piezometers constructed so that groundwater samples could be collected from the same place through either polyethylene or Teflon tubing. It was determined that quantitatively similar samples can be collected through both types of tubing. A comparative study between peristaltic and positive displacement pumping methods was undertaken. The Teflon bladder pump (no air contact) was judged superior overall. Peristaltic suction did not appear to bias samples substantially, however, the condition of the piezometer did have a significant effect on sample representivity.

Effect of storage containers and time on seed quality of wheat

A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of black point and percentages of germination, moisture content and different fungi associated with wheat seeds during storage in different types of container. Seeds of a widely cultivated variety Kanchan were stored in five types of containers viz., ‘dole'(bamboo made), earthen pitcher, tin container, polyethylene bag and refrigerator (10°C) for ten months at room temperature. Samples were taken at monthly interval beginning from the month of April (prior to storage). The seed moisture content and black point severity were found highest in dole resulting in the lowest percentage of seed germination. The highest germination percentage was observed under storage in refrigerator followed by polyethylene bag, tin container and earthen pitcher. The moisture content and black point infection increased and seed germination decreased with the increase of storage period. Prior to storage in April, the seed germination was 95%, which decreased to about 75% at the end often months of storage (in January). Various fungal flora associated with wheat seeds differed in their prevalence depending on the length of storage period and types of container used for storage. The population of field fungi viz., Alternaria alternata, Aiternaria triticina, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Epicoccum purpurascens and Fusarium spp. decreased while that of storage fungi viz., Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Nigrospora, Penicillium and Rhizopus increased with the progress of storage period. Key Words: Storage, seed quality, wheat. doi:10.3329/bjar.v33i3.1606 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(3) : 469-477, September 2008