Effect Of Stem Extract Research Articles

USING EXTRACTS OF LAMB'S QUARTERS WEED FOR CONTROL OF Alternaria alternata

Antifungal potential of extracts of different parts of lamb's quarters weed (Chenopodium album L.) against a plant pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternate assessed through laboratory bioassays. Different parts of the weed were soaked in methanol for two weeks to get the extracts. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and different concentrations of the extracts of each plant part (1 to 5%) were prepared in malt extract broth. Leaf, root and fruit extracts exhibited pronounced antifungal activity resulting in 23–95%, 29–96% and 9–94% suppression in biomass of A. alternata. The effect of stem extract was insignificant. This study concludes that all parts of C. album except stem contain potent antifungal constituents to control A. alternata.

Volatile constituents of tea stems (Camellia sinensis L.O. Kuntze) as semiochemicals to attract low country live wood termite (Glyptotermes dilatatus Bugnion & Popoff), in Sri Lanka

Low country live wood termite (LCLWT), Glyptotermes dilatatus Bugnion & Popoff is one of the major insect pests of low grown tea in Sri Lanka. The present study was aimed at investigating the chemical constituents and the attractant effects of tea stem volatiles isolated from different tea cultivars on the behaviour of alates of G. dilatatus. Volatile extracts of decayed and healthy stems of susceptible cultivars (TRI 2023, TRI 4042) and resistant cultivars (TRI 2027, TRI 4049) were collected. The attractant effects of stem extracts on termite alates were evaluated using the olfactometer bioassay. Volatile extracts of decayed stems obtained from the four tea cultivars were more attractive to alates than that of the healthy stems. The responses of alates to volatile extracts from decayed stems of TRI 2023, TRI 2027, TRI 4042 and TRI 4049 were 37 ± 0.04, 34 ± 0.04, 36 ± 0.035 and 32 ± 0.04, respectively whereas the responses of alates to volatile extracts from healthy stems TRI 2023, TRI 2027, TRI 4042 and TRI 4049 were 16 ± 0.03, 13 ± 0.03, 14 ± 0.38 and 16 ± 1.5, respectively. The analysis of volatile extracts from decayed stems using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry led to the detection of 96 compounds in the four tea cultivars. Among them 15 compounds were common in all four tea cultivars and n-hexadecanoic acid and 9,12-octa decadienoic (Z,Z) acid were identified as the major constituents of decayed tea stems. Compound mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was identified as the major constituent in healthy stem volatiles. Mono(2- ethylhexyl) phthalate and n-hexadecanoic acid were present in both types of tea cultivars and they can be developed as an alternative method to control the test insect.

High performance liquid chromatographic analysis and anticancer potential of Oplopanax horridus: Comparison of stem and berry extracts

Oplopanax horridus or devil's club is a herbal medicine distributed in North America. The constituents and pharmacological activities of O. horridus (OPH) are largely unknown. In this study, we assayed OPH stem and berry extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anticancer potentials of extracts on different human cancer cell lines (SW-480, HCT-116, HT-29, MCF-7 and NSCLC) were determined by MTS method. The effect of stem extract on cancer cell cycle, expression of cyclin A, and apoptosis were assayed using flow cytometry. HPLC data showed that the composition of OPH stem extract is more complicated than the berry extract. The wavelength of maximum absorption of the major constituent in stem and berry is 196.0 nm and 201.9 nm, respectively. Compared to the berry extract, the stem extract showed significant potent antiproliferative effect on all the studied cell lines. The stem extract at 0.1 mg/ml arrested cancer cells in S- and G2/M-phases, and significantly induced expression of cyclin A. After treatment with 0.1 mg/ml of stem extract for 72 h, apoptotic cells were increased to 45.2%, while control was 9.6%. The cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis may play a critical role in cancer chemoprevention by Oplopanax horridus stem extract.