Effective State Regulation Research Articles

Институциональная трансформация политики занятости Китая в условиях рыночных преобразований: ретроспективный анализ

During the period of market reform and economic opening up, China's employment policy has undergone profound institutional changes. Since 1978, in the process of building a socialist market economy with Chinese specifics, there has been a large-scale institutional transformation of the state policy of distributing the total labor force of society across territories, industries and enterprises into a policy of supporting employment through state regulation of the labor market, improving the education system and creating the institution of social protection of workers. Four stages of institutional transformation of China's economic employment policy have been identified. For more than 40 years of reform and gradual improvement over the centralized distribution of labor force, the employment policy by now organically combines the market mechanism with an effective system of state regulation of employment. It is substantiated that institutional changes in China were implemented purposefully, providing a gradualist replacement of the centrally planned distribution of labor force in the prereform economy by a labor market with sufficiently effective state regulation with gradual supplementation and expansion of successful rules. The impact of institutional changes on the structure of employment in rural areas is analyzed, as well as the emergence of new challenges that are associated with adaptation to the new economic system.

Palm oil expansion, insecure land rights, and land-use conflict: A case of palm oil centre of Riau, Indonesia

Insecure rights tend to lead to land-use conflicts. The literature mainly focuses on the impact of insecure land rights on investment. Regarding the causes, studies mainly focus on the effect of state regulations. Little attention is given to the impact of the extractive economy on land rights security. This article scrutinizes how palm oil expansion manipulates insecure land rights, leading to land-use conflict. We pay attention to a particular land right in Indonesia that is based on the´ land status letter´ (Surat Keterangan Tanah, SKT), an initial proof of land ownership that is widely held by villagers in Indonesia. Studies have neglected this land right, as most attention has been on customary rights (Adat). Our main questions are: How do palm oil companies treat the SKT in their efforts to obtain more land for their plantations, and how do farmers try to fight for their SKT rights? Using a qualitative case study in Indonesia´s Riau Province, we show that because of a shared perception that SKTs offer security, villagers did not attempt to get a full legal land certificate from the Land Agency, and palm oil companies often manipulated SKT land rights to acquire land for new plantations. Limited access to conflict resolution mechanisms hampers landholders’ efforts to enforce their land rights, and our study suggests that the security of SKT land rights depends upon landholders’ ability to fight for their rights. NGOs did not help empower them in this matter in most cases.

Food waste reduction, corporate responsibility and national policies: evidence from Europe

PurposeThis paper investigates strategies for addressing the global challenge of food loss and waste (FLW) within the food industry. It examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and state regulatory interventions for reducing FLW.Design/methodology/approachThis mixed method study utilizes a unique panel dataset which includes the 150 largest food industry companies in Italy, Norway and the UK. It combines quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights derived from corporate strategies and corporate communications.FindingsThe analysis reveals that food companies with an established CSR strategy and in particular companies whose CSR reports highlight their environmental and social achievements are more likely to achieve in effective FLW reduction. Additionally, national-level regulatory interventions guided by European Union waste strategies act as pivotal benchmarks and encourage stricter corporate food waste management policies.Practical implicationsThis research underscores the significance of CSR strategies and effective state regulation in the fight against FLW and offers policymakers and businesses valuable insights enabling development of robust strategies.Social implicationsBy emphasizing the interplay between CSR and regulatory intervention, this research contributes to the achievement of a more sustainable and efficient global food system that addresses both economic and ethical concerns and could have far-reaching societal and environmental implications.Originality/valueThe paper sheds light on the interplay between CSR initiatives and regulatory interventions for tackling FLW and emphasizes their synergistic impact on sustainable practices within the food industry.

The efficiency assessment of budgetary fund implementation in agro-industrial complex

In recent years, the agro-industrial complex has emerged as a crucial sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan, playing a pivotal role in ensuring the nation's food security. State support for agriculture constitutes a multifaceted mechanism encompassing measures that influence the income of agricultural industries, the structure and scale of agricultural production, the agri-food market, and the social fabric of rural areas. Financial resources are allocated from budgets at various administrative levels to support the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. The primary objective is to assess the efficient utilization of budget funds allocated to the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan. A combination of economic-statistical, estimated-comparative, logical, and analytical analysis methods was employed to achieve this goal. The results reveal that a targeted agricultural policy, coupled with effective state regulation mechanisms, enables the attainment of high levels of productivity and efficiency in this industry. Nevertheless, despite these successes, the current role of the agro-industrial complex in shaping the economy is deemed insufficient. This is evidenced by indicators assessing the sector's contribution to macroeconomic benchmarks. In conclusion, an evaluation of the current state of development in the Republic of Kazakhstan's agricultural industry reflects a positive growth trend in recent years. However, the agricultural sector continues to be among the less profitable segments of the domestic economy, grappling with persistent challenges that have yet to be fully overcome.

Konsolidatsiia zemel: pozytyvni i superechlyvi momenty zakonoproiektuvannia

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to study the regulatory and practical aspects of improving the processes of exploiting agricultural lands in Ukraine. The article analyses the law draft «On amendments to certain legislative acts of Ukraine on supporting agriculture by land consolidation» (hereafter — Law draft) and assesses the degree of potential effectiveness of its regulations. Research methods. To set and achieve the goals of the article the authors applied known methods of scientific cognition. The most effective ones included the method of analysis, comparison, abstraction, historical and legal method, system and structural method, method of prediction, and others. Results. The scientific novelty of the research is revealed in modelling the relations between the participants of the procedure of agricultural land consolidation after the Law draft approval, providing assessment, as well as identifying the degree of the potential effectiveness of its regulations. Among other issues, the analysis of the regulatory and practical aspects of improving the processes of agricultural land use, enshrined in the Law draft provides the conclusion that, if adopted, the Law draft will help reduce problems in the Ukrainian agricultural economy, particularly those caused by strip farming, remote land, suboptimal resource utilization, etc. Although there are controversial points in the Law draft, they do not hinder the opportunity to validate the analysed standards. Rather, they highlight the need to combat negative manifestations, particularly corruption. The research findings reveal that adoption of the Law draft will stimulate the consolidation of agricultural producers and the development of large businesses in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, which could have both positive and negative effects. To strengthen the positive effects and weaken the negative ones, effective state regulation of agricultural production is necessary. In conclusion, the Law draft regulations show potential effectiveness in achieving the goals and expected results of the Law. However, the suggestions and proposals made during the Law discussion stage and in the article should be considered to ensure its effective implementation.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЗАЦІЇ АГРАРНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА

The article considers the ecologization of agricultural production as a key factor for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector, which ensures the production of environmentally friendly agricultural products. The necessity of adapting the agricultural sector to the new market conditions of management, where state regulation and support for the ecologization of agricultural production is important, which is aimed at reducing the negative impact of agricultural activities on the environment, is substantiated. The importance of the process of state regulation of the agricultural sector, aimed at ensuring the food security of the country and the priority increase in the efficiency of agricultural production, is investigated. The reasons for the negative impacts of the use of agricultural land due to hostilities on the territory of the country, which have worsened their ecological condition, are revealed. The main factors affecting the environmental situation in the agricultural sector of our country are highlighted. The basics of state policy in the field of environmental development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine are determined, which are represented by separate goals, concepts and strategies for its development in the domestic regulatory and legal legislation for the future. The main measures of ecologization of agricultural production are highlighted, which will contribute to the conservation of natural resources, increase environmental safety and sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The mechanism of state support for the ecologization of agricultural production, which acts as the legislative embodiment of the means of state regulation to ensure the development of agriculture on an environmental basis, is described. In order to ensure the process of ecologization of agricultural production, the components of such a mechanism are disclosed. The importance of forming a state strategy for the ecologization of agricultural production within the framework of the functioning of the mechanism of its state support is indicated. The main tasks of the authorities in the process of creating a system for managing the harmonization of agriculture and livestock relations are highlighted. It was found that effective state regulation and support for the ecologization of agricultural production ensures the creation of conditions for the formation of a developed and modern market of domestic high-quality environmental products, the rational use of natural resources and their preservation for future generations.

РОЗВИТОК ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЗАЦІЇ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The article highlights the problems of forming an effective mechanism of state regulation of the greening of agricultural production in Ukraine in accordance with global trends in the greening of public production and wartime problems in the country. The indicator of the degree of environmental friendliness of production is the main indicator of the degree of development of the corresponding modern economy, as well as the degree of safety of each country for people to live in it. The agricultural sector is the basic industry that forms the conditions for the development of the social economy and provides the population with the basic needs of food and clothing, therefore it requires a high degree of environmentalization in the first place. Unfortunately, the current market principles of management in Ukraine often place current benefits above the interests of future generations, which negatively affects public health. Accordingly, the task of effective long-term state regulation is the combination in the system of activity of the national economy, primarily the agricultural sector, the tasks of increasing environmentalization and economic benefit, creating socially useful, healthy food production as the basis of national security. In the peacetime state regulation of ensuring the ecological focus of agricultural production in Ukraine was focused on diversifying the ways of increasing the pace of production of ecologically clean products, the use of environmentally safe and energy-saving technologies in agriculture, the wide implementation of innovative developments capable of minimizing the negative impact of production and processing of products on the environment. The full-scale military invasion that began on February 24, 2022, crossed out all strategies for promoting the development of the ecological economy of Ukraine. Since the beginning of the war, our country has faced significant consequences of hostilities, which caused not only direct destruction, large-scale loss of life and economic losses, but also had an extremely negative impact on the ecological situation. The article outlines the necessary tasks of modern state regulation of the ecological situation in the region, its focus on the restoration of the natural environment and the return to world standards of the natural environment after the end of the war.

ОЦІНКА ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ СВІТОВИХ РЕЙТИНГІВ

The innovative potential of Ukraine was evaluated in the context of world ratings, in particular according to the Global Innovation Index, the Bloomberg Innovation Index and the Summary Innovation Index. The place of Ukraine among other countries of the world in terms of the level of innovative development has been determined. In the Global Innovation Index in 2021, Ukraine was in 49th place, in the Bloomberg Innovation Index – in 58th place, in the Innovation Index of the Summary Innovation Index – in 34th place. According to the results of the ratings, such countries as Switzerland, USA, Sweden, South Korea, Great Britain, Finland, and Germany occupy the leading positions. The position of Ukraine in international rankings before the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine indicates a rather unstable competitive position and the absence of an active policy in support of innovative activities and lack of effective mechanisms for introducing innovations and further commercialization. And the war only deepened and exacerbated the existing problems and significantly worsened the image of our state on the international arena in the context of its innovative development. In such difficult conditions, it is already important to use the best world experience and practices of the European Union in the formation of state policy regarding the development of innovations, including finding ways to increase financial support for innovative development from the state. The implementation of effective state regulation through the mechanisms of stimulating and supporting innovations, as the main driving force for increasing competitiveness, establishing cooperation between the state, society and business, creating a favorable institutional environment for the development of science, scientific developments and research should be a priority vector of Ukraine despite all the difficulties associated with war. The creation of human resources support mechanisms, in which Ukrainian scientists could implement their innovative ideas and developments in Ukraine, and not abroad, will also contribute to the increase of innovation potential.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF UKRAINE’S AGRICULTURE SECTOR WITHIN MARTIAL LAW

The article reinforces the significance of scientific research through the complications of effective state regulation of Ukraine's agricultural sector, both during martial law and in the context of ensuring its long-term development in the post-war period. The fundamental concept of state regulation of the agricultural sector has been characterized. It has been discovered that, in the context of modern social changes, state regulation should act as a mediator in the relationships between the State, economic entities, and the population. Due to the aforementioned, the main purpose of the article is to establish the objective need for state regulation of Ukraine's agricultural sector in general, alongside the particulars of its implementation under martial law. For the determination of this aim, the following research methods were used: supervision, abstraction, scientific generalization and economic evaluation, that gave an opportunity to set forth conclusion. As a result, one of the most fundamental issues for the agricultural sector is determining the optimal combination of state regulation and self-regulation in practice. It is established that the state regulation of the agrarian sector in Ukraine under martial law has its own peculiarities related to the need to ensure national security and the responsibility to provide food for the population. To attain this objective, the author identifies the main points of vulnerability of Ukraine's agricultural sector under martial law and considers agricultural state regulation measures used to mitigate the negative impact of martial law on the state of the agricultural sector in 2023. The research concluded that, in addition to focusing on immediate problems, Ukraine's agricultural sector requires immediate attention and the creation of a long-term strategy for its future development. Furthermore, the following are the main areas of ensuring sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the post-war period: restoration of human capital and development of agricultural sector human potential; intensification of investment activity and maximum attraction of direct and indirect financial measures aimed at supporting farmers' economic activities; technological development and gradual restoration of technical capabilities for agricultural sector.

CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC TRADE OF UKRAINE

The article examines the state of internal trade of Ukraine. Internal trade of Ukraine, like any developed country, is characterized by rapid dynamics, reaction to changes in the country’s economy, and depends on many factors. The dynamics of domestic trade turnover during 2019-2021 and its structure are shown. The indicator of wholesale turnover increased from 2,322.2 to 3,153.2 billion hryvnias, i.e. by 36%, during the studied period. During the same period, retail turnover increased by 32% – from 793.5 in 2019 to 1044.5 in 2021. In the structure of sold wholesale goods, imported products prevail — from 56.7% in 2019 to 52.4% in 2020 and 54.6% in 2021. The positive balance is maintained at the expense of food products, which were sold for about 90% of domestic production. Taking into account the current state of our country and the fact that a large number of enterprises have stopped their work due to the occupation of the territory or the destruction caused, we can say that the share of imported products will grow. In the structure of sold goods in retail trade, domestic products prevail, especially in the food group, where 80% of goods produced in Ukraine accounted for 2019, 79.4% in 2020, and 77.6% in 2021. In today’s conditions, there is a large number of resellers operating on the market of Ukraine, which differ from each other both in terms of scale of activity and organizational and economic forms, the list of performed functions, specialization, etc. Domestic trade in Ukraine will continue to develop in the direction of forming more effective forms of trade organization. The development of domestic trade is impossible without effective state regulation.

ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА СКЛАДОВА РОЗВИТКУ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ УКРАЇНИ

The purpose of the article is to analyze investments in the transport sector of Ukraine as a component of the development of the transport system. The article examines the place and role of the transport system of Ukraine in economic development. The Ukrainian transport sector provides territorial interconnections, is a connecting link between production and consumption. The development of programs for the development of the transport system requires a detailed assessment of its technical condition, compliance of the number and structure of objects with the real needs of business development and transit opportunities. It is shown that the main problem of maintaining a competitive transport system in good condition and development is the insufficient amount of funding, as well as inefficient investments of allocated resources. All this actualizes the issue of organizing investment support for the development of the transport industry and creating conditions for the implementation of priority investment projects and programs. Stimulation of investment activity in the transport sector is impossible without effective state regulation, therefore a comprehensive preliminary analysis of the technical and economic justification of projects and relevant business plans is required, updating of standards and rules for investment activities in the transport sector, establishment of a strict procedure for benefits and preferences, improvement of the practice of conducting tenders. Such measures should contribute to the creation of a more favorable investment climate in the country for attracting foreign investment in the domestic transport complex. One of the sources of funding for the restoration and reconstruction of the transport system of Ukraine – the investment component has been investigated. The conducted analysis showed that the volumes of capital investments in the transport system of Ukraine do not have stable positive dynamics, and their share in the total volume of capital investments is about eight percent. By types of transport, the largest share falls on ground and pipeline transport – more than fifty percent. It was determined that in the conditions of European integration, the reorganization of international transport corridors was carried out, therefore, water transport needs modernization and development based on the implementation of investment projects.

LEGAL REGULATION OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISION OF NON-BANKING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

The purpose of the article is to distinguish between the regulatory and legal approaches to the interpretation of the definitions of "supervision" and "control"; to establish the general purpose of control and supervision over the activities of non-bank financial institutions; to consider the methods of regulatory and legal regulation of verification and identification of the client when concluding a loan agreement. The scientific discussion on the problem of legal regulation of control and supervision over the activities of non-banking financial institutions is presented. It is established that the need to form an effective state regulation of the development of the national economy and economic institutions in a market environment leads to the creation of an effective system of financial control. The concepts of "financial control" and "control function of finance" are distinguished. It is determined that the basis of the control function of finance is the movement of financial resources, and through the implementation of financial control the possibility of influencing the process of production, accounting and consumption is realized. The conclusion is made that rating agencies and credit history bureaus should become necessary elements of the system of state regulation and supervision by the National Bank of Ukraine over the activities of non-state financial institutions, which should occupy a mandatory place in information stories related to the regulation of supervision and the use of other administrative and legal means of control over the activities of non-state financial institutions. Results. The concepts of control and supervision over the activities of non-banking financial institutions are distinguished; the peculiarities of the formation of rating agencies and ensuring the effective operation of credit history bureaus are established; indicative criteria for assessing the necessary degree of supervision over the activities of a credit company were determined, which include: the book value of assets; market share of the credit company; the number of previous violations of the law. It is established that the main control and supervisory functions of the National Bank of Ukraine are: protection of clients' rights, compliance with the standards of service provision and requirements for their advertising; ensuring transparency and disclosure of information; ensuring impeccable business reputation of owners and managers; counteracting anti-competitive activities; combating abuse and illegal activities; control over the exercise of their powers.

Новые технологии для инклюзивного и устойчивого роста: технологическое обеспечение, стандарты и коммерческий оборот

The present article is a scientific and analytical review of the second volume of the collective monograph “New Technology for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: Technological Support, Standards and Commercial Turnover”, prepared for the 70th anniversary of the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Oleg Inshakov. The author describes the structure and content of the book published by Springer and indexed in the international citation and analysis database Scopus. Data regarding the authors of the monograph are given. It is noted that the prepared collective research is aimed at solving a complex interdisciplinary scientific problem, which consists in the lack of balanced mechanisms of digital technologies impact on effective state regulation of production and non-production spheres of ecological entrepreneurship with regard to ensuring inclusive growth and sustainable development of Russia. According to the authors of the article, the problem state in the country of ecological entrepreneurship requires a logical search for solutions, including the use of digital economy and digital law. It is established that in order to solve the mentioned problem, the methodological arsenal of various branches of science, first of all, economic and legal, is used in the book. Within the framework of the stated theme the range of tasks is solved, which setting stipulates its assignment to the key directions of the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. Specific problems in the context of the chosen direction of research, to which the monographic research is directed, including the state scale, are identified and listed. The editors of the book believe that the conclusions and ideas derived from theoretical and empirical research will contribute to the development of conceptual framework and practical recommendations, which in turn will improve the economic, environmental, social and legal mechanisms governing the use of Industry 4.0 technologies to achieve inclusive and sustainable regional and global growth.

Studying Muslim Minorities in Subsaharan Africa: Preliminary Remarks

Abstract The introduction to the special issue on Muslim minorities in Subsaharan Africa argues that a focus on the circumstances and challenges faced by them opens up productive lines of inquiry into forms of religious coexistence and plurality, in Subsaharan Africa and elsewhere. Starting from a conceptual reflection on different forms of religious plurality, the article enters a plea for more a sustained reflection on the effects of state regulation of religious coexistence and how it is lived in everyday life. To this effect, the introduction invites readers to take the different case studies of the special issue as a way to assess and compare the genealogies and legacies of state regimes of religious governance in Subsaharan Africa.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX AND SAFETY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

Ensuring the sustainable development of the state, its food security, which is the basis of the social well-being of society, is impossible without a highly efficient agricultural sector. A decisive factor in the well-being of the agricultural sector is the availability of effective state regulation mechanisms. The situation in the agro-industrial complex causes reasonable complaints, it was not possible to unlock the export potential and solve the issues of full-fledged food security of the country. It was pointed out the need for a new, verified approach in the agricultural sector, creating conditions for processing raw materials within the country, attracting investment and the latest agricultural technologies, ensuring the stability of state support measures, increasing their effectiveness. Agriculture of Kazakhstan, being one of the priority directions of economic development, has a huge potential and large reserves. The main products of the domestic food and agricultural industry are flour, pasta, rice, meat, dairy products, mineral waters and beverages, sugar and confectionery products, oils and fats. In general, the agricultural sector is characterized by high capital intensity, long payback period, low profitability, dependence on natural and climatic conditions, which makes it less competitive compared to other sectors of the economy.

The Prospects of the Formation of Scientifi c and Technical Support System Organizations in the Industrial Safety Field

The article is devoted to the problems of the scientifi c and technical support management provided by specialized organizations during the process of state regulation of industrial safety. The article considers the phenomenon of industrial safety regulation as ensuring the state of protection of national interests within the framework of the concept of sustainable development. The institute of regulatory impact assessment is considered in the article as a key element of the system of eff ective state regulation. The study analyses various types of science and technology support organisations (STSOs) in Russian and international jurisdictions, their place and assigned role. The rigour of state regulation of industrial safety and the eff ectiveness of SSTIs is assessed. The paper focuses on an analysis of the IAEA’s approach to providing support for industrial safety regulation from a science and technology perspective, and the importance of involving support organisations in this process. Based on the study, recommendations in the fi eld of industrial safety are formulated and the eff ects of the involvement of scientifi c and technical support organisations are highlighted. The recommendations presented by the author are substantiated by references to the world practice of scientifi c and technical support organization and the results of the review of scientifi c publications of other authors on the stated issue. The results of the study will be of interest to specialists in the fi eld of industrial safety management, regulatory impact assessment and provision of scientifi c and technical support

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ВЗАЄМОЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ МІЖ ВТРАТОЮ ДОВІРИ ДО ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ВЛАДИ ТА МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ СТАБІЛЬНІСТЮ УКРАЇНИ

In the conditions of changes in social relations, trust becomes a relevant factor in human activity. Ensuring trust in public authorities is an urgent issue today, as a prerequisite for the socio-political and economic growth of the country. Quite often, it depends on the effectiveness of state regulation, namely, the adopted strategy of reform, the definition of strategic targets of state policy regarding the functioning of socio-political and economic institutions at the micro-, meso-, and macro- levels. The purpose of the article was to assess the relationship between the loss of trust in public authorities and the macroeconomic stability of Ukraine. The authors proposed a scientific and methodical approach to assessing the interdependence of relevant components: 1) a research base was formed, which involves collecting and checking determinants for abnormality by the Irwin method; 2) the relevant determinants of the macroeconomic component according to factor loadings are determined (by the stony scree graph); 3) normalization of determinants of macroeconomic development and indicators of distrust in public authorities based on Harrington's approach; 4) formation of integral indicators using the convolution method of calculating the geometric mean value; 5) regressive interdependencies between the loss of trust in public authorities and the macroeconomic stability of Ukraine are constructed. The obtained results made it possible to analyze the consequences of the crisis of confidence on macroeconomic stability. A high level of alienation between society and political institutions inhibits economic development, stable socio-political growth and macroeconomic stability of the country as a whole. The results will be useful for the activities of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Office of the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers, central bodies of executive and legislative power of Ukraine, the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, and the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine.

Про одну задачу коінтеграції торговельних зв’язків України, Азербайджану та Грузії

In this article, the integration processes between Azerbaijan, Ukraine and Georgia are considered through the indicators of integratedness of Azerbaijan’s GDP and the trade turnover of this country with the other two. All the time series considered are non-stationary. Therefore, the construction of a model of correlation-regression analysis will lead to the obtainment of shifted estimates of the coefficients. So, there are problems of correct modeling of the corresponding time series, the components of which lead to a deviation from stationarity. The publication uses an econometric integration methodology for modeling the relationship between the non-stationary time series. The modeling correctly used econometric methods, all the necessary step-by-step statistical procedures to determine the order of integration of the non-stationary time series – to identify and evaluate the parameters of the model and to check its adequacy and accuracy of both the short-term and the long-term forecast values using the tools of Excel and the EViews 8 package. An analysis of empirical tests for their deviation from the trend was carried out. The speeds of elimination of the imbalance and the visible convergences of the corrective system from the equilibrium trajectory are determined. A dynamic model of the long-term equilibrium is built, allowing to qualitatively forecast the state of foreign trade integration of the three countries under consideration and analyze the openness of the Azerbaijani economy in the regional aspect. As a result of the constructed model, econometric substantiated recommendations have been developed that allow for a dynamic analysis of effective State regulation of export-import operations between these countries to balance mutual trade.

ВПЛИВ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНУ НА ЙОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНУ БЕЗПЕКУ

The problem of sustainable development of socio-economic systems of different hierarchical levels, including the region, includes a large list of issues, among which the issues of stimulating innovative activity, increasing the competitiveness of the economy while ensuring its security occupy a special place. and sustainability of development. This article is devoted to the analysis of the place and role of these processes in ensuring the sustainable socio-economic development of the region. Investments are the main tool that allows solving the problems of increasing the efficiency of the economy, implementing structural changes, implementing modern achievements of technical progress, and improving economic security indicators. Innovative security of the region is one of the most important elements of economic security. The issue of innovative security acquires special importance due to the fact that currently innovative technologies and processes of their implementation are of critical importance for improving the quality of life, expanding development opportunities and ensuring the national security of all states without exception. In most economically developed countries, research devoted to the problems of national and economic security has been conducted for a long time. Moreover, the innovative component in these studies is considered as a component of economic or scientific-technical (scientific-technological) security. Successful innovative activity is impossible without a system of effective state regulation, which includes the creation of a legislative framework, the selection of priority areas of innovative activity, financial support, and the creation of appropriate infrastructure. The influence of innovations is realized through the achievement of the goals of ensuring the country's security, among which is the dynamic and progressive development of the economy. The state innovation policy should ensure the transfer of technological innovations to the process of formation of the system of market factors of production. It was established that the economic security of the region depends on its ability to perceive innovations, while institutional factors significantly affect the pace of development.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ІТ-СЕКТОРУ ТА ЦИФРОВОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ УКРАЇНИ

The work examines the main trends in the functioning of the domestic IT sector and the formation and development of digital infrastructure. The main directions of the digital transformation of the national economy include support and stimulation of the development of the IT sector, development of the national digital infrastructure, expansion of the scale of digitization of business, state administration, social sphere and livelihood of the population, as well as the development of digital skills and digital culture of citizens in order to overcome the “digital divide”. It has been proven that digital infrastructure should be considered as an interconnected set of technical and technological means, software, services and processes that ensure the use of IR technologies in all sectors of the economy and spheres of social life. According to the performed functions and tasks, two types of digital infrastructure are distinguished – technical-technological and software-service, which, constantly developing and becoming more complicated, support and complement each other. It was determined that the main criteria for assessing the level of development of digital infrastructure should be compliance with technical, technological, ethical and regulatory standards, systematicity, complexity, transparency, controllability, legitimacy and inclusiveness. The need to ensure effective state regulation, supervision and control over the functioning of the national digital infrastructure as a component of the state’s digital sovereignty has been proven. It was determined that the development of the national digital infrastructure should become a strategic priority of the state, and its main objects should be broadband Internet, 5G mobile communication, the infrastructure of the Internet of Things and cyber security, as well as “Industry 4.0”. It has been proven that in order to combine centralized and decentralized management mechanisms for the processes of formation and development of digital infrastructure, it is necessary to use a system approach that ensures a high level of functionality of all technical and technological components of digital infrastructure, programs and services. The main principles of the introduction and use of the “Industry 4.0” technology and promising sectors of the domestic economy for its implementation are determined. The potential sources and forms of financing the development of the IT sector and the development of IR technologies are characterized.