Effects Of Stachyose Research Articles

Stachyose in combination with L. rhamnosus GG ameliorates acute hypobaric hypoxia-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction through alleviating inflammatory response and oxidative stress

High altitude is closely related to intestinal mucosal damage and intestinal microbiota imbalance, and there is currently no effective prevention and treatment measures. In this study, the effects of stachyose (STA), L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) and their combination on inflammatory response, oxidatve stress and intestinal barrier function in mice exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia were investigated. Our results indicated the combination of STA and LGG could more effectively regulate intestinal microbiota disorders caused by hypobaric hypoxia than STA or LGG alone. When mice were administered with STA + LGG, the content of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) especially butyric acid significantly increased, which helped intestinal cells to form tight connections, improve the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β) and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px), and decrease the expression of pro-inlammatory cytokines and hypoxia-inducing factors (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and HIF-1α), thereby enhance the strong intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, the synbiotics significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, while significantly increased the relative abundance of Rikenella, Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Ruminiclostridium_5 and Gordonibacter, which were correlated with production of SCFAs and anti-inflammatory role. Correlation analysis showed that the protective effect of synbiotics on intestinal barrier function was associated with its anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant capacity. It provided a strong foundation for further research on the role of STA and LGG in maintaining normal intestinal function at high altitude. Our study has identified and demonstrated a new synbiotic that may be one of the ideal intervention measures for preventing and treating intestinal dysfunction at high altitude.

Effects of stachyose on the intestinal microbiota and barrier in antibiotic-treated mice

• Ingestion of penicillin resulted in intestinal damage and intestinal disorders; • Stachyose intake improved intestinal disorders caused by penicillin; • Stachyose reduced LPS-mediated inflammation by down-regulating the NF-κB pathway. Early-life antibiotic exposure can increase the risks for immune and metabolic disease development. However, research on the effect of stachyose on the antibiotic-destroyed microbiota is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the effect of stachyose on the gut flora of weaned mice and evaluated whether stachyose can improve the intestinal flora in early life after antibiotic consumption. We found that stachyose increased the abundance of Akkermansia in the intestinal microbiota, increased acetic and propionic acid levels, ameliorated LPS-mediated inflammation through the NF-κB pathway, and increased occludin and ZO-1 expression in penicillin-treated mice. However, when the intestinal flora was severely disrupted, stachyose could not significantly reduce intestinal inflammation or increase occludin and ZO-1 expression levels. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with stachyose may reduce the negative impacts of antibiotic treatment, laying a foundation for the use of prebiotics to prevent and treat antibiotic-mediated infections.

In Vitro Effects of Stachyose on the Human Gut Microbiota

AbstractGut microbiota plays an important role in human health. Stachyose, an oligosaccharide, modulates the gut microbiota composition in animals. However, the role of stachyose in promoting the proliferation of probiotics and whether it inhibits pathogenic micro‐organisms in human gut microbiota has not been explored. Therefore, in this study, the effects of stachyose on the gut microbiota and its metabolites in humans are explored. Three concentrations of stachyose are used as the sole carbon source for in vitro fermentation. Results show that stachyose improves beta diversity and increases the concentration of short‐chain fatty acid (SCFAs), mainly acetic acid and butyric acid. Stachyose is found to promote the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella genera in the gut microbiota. Besides, stachyose significantly reduces the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Escherichia‐Shigella genera. The findings show that stachyose increases beneficial microbiota, therefore, it is a useful prebiotic which modulates the composition of the gut microbiota.

Effects of stachyose on intestinal microbiota and immunity in mice infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important pathogen causing diarrhea in humans. Finding natural, safe and effective functional ingredients to replace antibiotics is an important direction for preventing and treating E. coli infection and protecting intestinal health. However, it is unknown whether stachyose promotes the proliferation of probiotics and thus inhibits ETEC infection. Here, we investigated whether stachyose improves the gut microbiota of ETEC-infected mice and induces effects in early postnatal life. Stachyose promoted the proliferation of A. muciniphila and Bifidobacterium, increased short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, increased the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1), increased SIgA and albumin levels, and reduced the level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL-1, 6, 17 and TNF-α. After antibiotic-induced ablation, the resistance of the intestinal microbiota of the ETEC-infected mice to bacteria was significantly reduced, and the level of inflammation was increased, the SIgA and albumin levels decreased significantly, showed the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining immune resistance. Stachyose enabled partial microbiota recovery and protection after ETEC infection.

Effects of Stachyose on Synbiotic Yogurt Obtained from Goat Milk with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei

Abstract Development of synbiotic yogurt having multiple health benefits has become a new trend. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimum stachyose concentration of the goat yogurt fermented by probiotics including Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) or Lactobacillus casei (LC) besides Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus by measuring pH, acidity, viable counts and the change of stachyose content. The optimal stachyose concentration of goat LA-yogurt and goat LC-yogurt were 0.4% and 0.8%. Under the above concentrations, the total bacteria number and the viable counts of LA were 2.02×109cfu/mL, 3×107cfu/mL, respectively; the total bacteria number and the viable counts of LC were 2.55×109cfu/mL, 2.53×108cfu/mL, respectively. The results indicate that stachyose can effectively improve the vitality and the viable counts of strains in goat yogurt.

Effects of stachyose on absorption and transportation of tea catechins in mice: possible role of Phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters inhibition by stachyose

BackgroundNutritional and absorption-promoting properties of stachyose combined with tea catechins (TC) have been revealed. However, the mechanism involved in non-digestible oligosaccharides-mediated enhancement of flavonoid absorption has largely remained elusive.MethodsThis study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism of stachyose in enhancing absorption and transportation of TC in mice. Mice were orally pre-treated with stachyose (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg·bw) for 0–8 weeks, and 1 h before sacrifice, mice were treated with TC (250 mg/kg·bw).ResultsGas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that serum concentrations of epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate were dose- and time-dependently elevated with stachyose pre-treatment in mice. Furthermore, pre-treatment with stachyose in mice reduced intestinal sulfotransferase and uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase levels by 3.3–43.2% and 23.9–30.4%, relative to control mice, respectively. Moreover, intestinal P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 contents were decreased in mice by pre-administration of stachyose in dose- and time-dependent manner.ConclusionsThis is the first time to demonstrate that suppression of Phase II metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters of TC in the intestine can play a major role in increasing absorption of TC by stachyose feeding.

Effect of stachyose, raffinose and soya-saponins supplementation on nutrient digestibility, digestive enzymes, gut morphology and growth performance in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar, L)

This study investigated the effects of raffinose, stachyose either alone or in combination, and the role of soya-saponins in combination with these oligosaccharides, in diets for Atlantic salmon on nutrient digestibilities, growth performance and morphological changes of the gastrointestinal tract. The experiment was carried out using triplicate groups of Atlantic salmon with 0.421 kg initial weight and lasted for 68 days. The experimental diets consisted of a negative control diet based on high-quality fish meal (FM), and a positive control diet containing 300 g kg −1 soybean meal (SBM), and four diets based on the negative control diet added 6.7 g kg −1 raffinose (RA), 29.5 g kg −1 stachyose (ST), a combination of the raffinose and stachyose (RA–ST), or the same combination further supplemented with 2 g kg −1 soya-saponins (RA–ST–SA). The results showed that fish fed the SBM, the positive control, had significantly higher FCR, and tended to have lower weight gain and growth rate compared to fish fed the FM-diet, while fish fed the RA, ST, RA–ST and RA–ST–SA ranked in between the two control diets. The results indicate that feeding the Atlantic salmon the RA, ST, RA–ST and RA–ST–SA did not interfere with protein or fat digestibility. None of the dietary treatments, except for the positive control, caused significant morphological changes in the liver, or mid and distal intestines.

Naturally occurring prebiotic oligosaccharides in poultry feed mixtures

The presence of raffinose series oligosaccharides (RSO) was determined by an enzymic method in three commercially available chicken feed mixtures. All feed mixtures contained RSO at a concentration of 2.1-2.2%. Soya meal was identified as the exclusive source of RSO. Subsequently, the bifidogenic effect of stachyose (main soya bean RSO) was also assigned on the growth of poultry intestinal bifidobacteria. Bifidobacteria were counted in chicken intestinal tract using cultivation and FISH methods. Four out of 6 bifidobacterial strains tested grew significantly better on stachyose than on glucose. It can be thus concluded that chicken feed mixtures naturally contain prebiotic oligosaccharides in the form of RSO in higher levels (>2%) compared with the concentration (usually up to 1%) recommended for artificially added prebiotics. Our results therefore indicate that there is no reason for the supplementation of chicken feed mixtures with prebiotics with bifidogenic properties.