Effect Of Sodium Sulfite Research Articles

The effects of sodium sulfite on Helicobacter pylori by establishing a hypoxic environment

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an obligate microaerobion and does not survive in low oxygen. Sodium sulfite (SS) reacts and consume oxygen in solutions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of SS on H. pylori. The effects of SS on oxygen concentrations in solutions and on H. pylori in vivo and in vitro were examined, and the mechanisms involved were explored. The results showed that SS decreased the oxygen concentration in water and artificial gastric juice. In Columbia blood agar and special peptone broth, SS concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation of H. pylori ATCC43504 and Sydney strain-1 in Columbia blood agar or special peptone broth, and dose-dependently decreased the number of H. pylori in Mongolian gerbils and Kunming mouse infection models. The H. pylori was relapsed in 2 weeks withdrawal and the recurrence in the SS group was lower than that in the positive triple drug group. These effects were superior to positive triple drugs. After SS treatments, the cell membrane and cytoplasm structure of H. pylori were disrupted. SS-induced oxygen-free environment initially blocked aerobic respiration, triggered oxidative stress, disturbed energy production. In conclusion, SS consumes oxygen and creates an oxygen-free environment in which H. pylori does not survive. The present study provides a new strategy and perspective for the clinical treatment of H. pylori infectious disease.

Effect of Na2SO3 on the floatability of chalcopyrite and enargite

The effect of sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) on the floatability of chalcopyrite and enargite was investigated in this work. The micro flotation tests of single and mixed minerals were performed under various concentrations of Na2SO3. The micro flotation tests of single minerals showed that Na2SO3 depressed the floatability of both minerals at pH 9 in the absence of potassium amyl xanthate (PAX). Interestingly, the addition of PAX followed by the Na2SO3 treatment selectively improved the recovery of enargite. On the other hand, the recovery of chalcopyrite remained low under a similar condition. The single mineral flotation results indicate that separation of chalcopyrite and enargite might be possible using PAX and Na2SO3 treatment. Indeed, the mixed mineral flotation results were in agreement with the flotation results of single minerals. The mineral surface was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after the treatments to explain the phenomenon. The XPS results show the presence of sulfate species on both mineral surfaces after the Na2SO3 treatment. The adsorbed PAX could prevent the formation of this sulfate species on the enargite surface and rendered the surface hydrophobic. However, the adsorbed PAX could not prevent the formation of sulfate species on the chalcopyrite surface and rendered the surface hydrophilic.

Sodium sulfite causes gastric mucosal cell death by inducing oxidative stress

Sulfites are commonly used as a preservative and antioxidant additives in the food industry. Sulfites are absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and distributed essentially to all body tissues. Although sulfites have been believed to be safe food additives, some studies have shown that they exhibit adverse effects in various tissues. In this study, we examined the cytotoxic effect of sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) against rat gastric mucosal cells (RGM1) and further investigated its underlying molecular mechanism. We demonstrated that exposure to Na2SO3 exerts significant cytotoxicity in RGM1 cells through induction of oxidative stress. Exposure of RGM1 cells to Na2SO3 caused a significant formation of protein carbonyls and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, major oxidative stress markers, with a concomitant accumulation of carbonylated protein-related aggregates. Furthermore, we found that incubation of lysozyme with Na2SO3 evokes protein carbonylation and aggregation via the metal ion-catalyzed free radical formation derived from Na2SO3. Our results suggest that Na2SO3 might lead to gastric tissue injury via induction of oxidative stress by the formation of Na2SO3-related free radicals.

Sodium sulfite (SoS) as decontamination strategy for Fusarium-toxin contaminated maize and its impact on immunological traits in pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium sulfite (SoS) treatment of maize and its impact on the porcine immune system in the presence of an LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Control maize (CON) and Fusarium-toxin contaminated maize (FUS) were wet-preserved (20% moisture) for 79 days with (+) or without (−) SoS and then included at 10% in a diet, resulting in four experimental groups: CON−, CON+, FUS−, and FUS+ with deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations of 0.09, 0.05, 5.36, and 0.83 mg DON/kg feed, respectively. After 42-day feeding trial (weaned barrows, n = 20/group), ten pigs per group were challenged intraperitoneally with either 7.5 μg LPS/kg BW or placebo (0.9% NaCl), observed for 2 h, and then sacrificed. Blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen were collected for phenotyping of different T cell subsets, B cells, and monocytes. Phagocytic activity and intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed in both polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using flow cytometry. Our results revealed that the impact of DON was more notable on CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissues rather than in blood T cells. In contrast, SoS treatment of maize altered leukocyte subpopulations in blood, e.g., reduced the percentage and fluorescence signal of CD8high T cells. Interestingly, SoS treatment reduced the amount of free radicals in basal ROS-producing PMNs only in LPS-challenged animals, suggesting a decrease in basal cellular ROS production (pSoS*LPS = 0.022).

Sodium Sulfite Exacerbates Allograft Vasculopathy and Affects Tryptophan Breakdown in Murine Heterotopic Aortic Transplantation

Graft vasculopathy is the main feature of chronic rejection in organ transplantation, with oxidative stress being a major trigger. Inflammation-associated prooxidant processes may be controlled by antioxidants; however, interference with redox-regulated mechanisms is a complex endeavor. An essential feature of the cellular immune response is the acceleration of tryptophan (Trp) breakdown, leading to the formation of several bioactive catabolites. Long-term activation of this immunobiochemical pathway contributes to the establishment of a tolerogenic environment, thereby supporting allograft survival. Herein, the impact of the antioxidant sodium sulfite on the development of graft vasculopathy was assessed in murine aortic transplantation. Allogeneic (BALB/c to C57BL/6) heterotopic murine aortic transplantations were performed. Animals were left untreated or were treated with 10 μl of 0.1 M, of 0.01 M sodium sulfite, or of 0.1 M sodium sulfate, intraperitoneally once/day, until postoperative day (POD) 100. Grafts were assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and adhesion molecule gene expression. Serum concentrations of tryptophan and its catabolite kynurenine (Kyn) were measured. On day 100, graft vasculopathy was significantly increased upon treatment with 0.1 M sodium sulfite, compared to allogeneic untreated controls (p = 0.004), which correlated with a significant increase of α-smooth-muscle-actin, Vcam-1, and P-selectin. Serum Kyn concentrations increased in the allogeneic control group over time (p < 0.05, POD ≥ 50), while low-dose sodium sulfite treatment (0.01 M) treatment resulted in a decrease in Kyn levels over time (p < 0.05, POD ≥ 10), compared to the respective baselines (p < 0.05). Longitudinal analysis of serum metabolite concentrations in the different treatment groups further identified an overall effect of sodium sulfite on Kyn concentrations. Antioxidative treatment may result in ambivalent consequences. Our data reveal that an excess of antioxidants like sodium sulfite can aggravate allograft vasculopathy, which further highlights the challenges associated with interventions that interfere with the complex interplay of redox-regulated inflammatory processes.

Effect of sodium sulfite, tartaric acid, tannin, and glucose on rheological properties, release of aroma compounds, and color characteristics of red wine.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of addition of non-volatile compounds (sodium sulfite, tartaric acid, tannin, and glucose) on the rheological properties, release of aroma compounds, and color of the red wine. While determining the rheological properties of the supplemented samples, non-Newtonian fluidic and shear-thinning behavior of samples was noticed. The viscosity of these samples was found in negative correlation with the dose of addition of various non-volatile substances. The aroma profile of red wine after additions showed the change in the release of the nine key aroma compounds. Among them ethyl hexanoate, phenylethyl alcohol, octanoic acid, diethyl succinate, and ethyl octanoate were profoundly increased. Further, the color of red wines was improved in the presence of tartaric acid and tannin. Overall, supplementation of various substances during storage period of three different wines could enormously affect the sensory characteristics in a dose dependent manner.

Effect of Sodium Sulfite on Floatability of Chalcopyrite and Molybdenite

Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) is commonly used as a copper depressant in the selective flotation of copper and molybdenum ores. However, the process is facing health and safety issues because NaHS readily yields toxic hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) under acidic conditions. In this study, Na2SO3 was proposed as an alternative copper depressant. The effect of Na2SO3 on the surface wettability and floatability of chalcopyrite and molybdenite—typical copper and molybdenum minerals, respectively—was intensively studied using contact angle measurements and flotation tests. Contact angle readings show that the chalcopyrite surface became hydrophilic after the Na2SO3 treatment. Meanwhile, the molybdenite surface was relatively more hydrophobic compared with that of chalcopyrite after the treatment. Flotation tests using pure minerals of chalcopyrite and molybdenite demonstrate that the floatability of chalcopyrite decreased with increasing concentration of Na2SO3. On the other hand, the floatability of molybdenite gradually increased under similar conditions, suggesting that Na2SO3 might have the potential to be used for selective flotation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite. A possible mechanism is proposed in this study to explain the phenomenon using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.

Effects of Sodium Sulfite as a Food Additive on Catalase and Glutathione-S-Transferase Enzyme Activities in Tubifex tubifex

Effects of Sodium Sulfite as a Food Additive on Catalase and Glutathione-S-Transferase Enzyme Activities in Tubifex tubifex

Effect of Sodium Sulfite, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, and Urea on the Molecular Interactions and Properties of Whey Protein Isolate-Based Films.

Whey protein coatings and cast films are promising for use as food packaging materials. Ongoing research is endeavoring to reduce their permeability. The intention of this study was to evaluate the effect of the reactive additives sodium sulfite, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and urea on the oxygen barrier, water vapor barrier, and protein solubility of whey protein cast films. The concentration of the reactive additives was 1 to 20 wt.-%. Dried whey protein cast films were used as substrate materials. The water vapor transmission rate, the oxygen permeability, and the protein solubility were measured. Effective diffusion coefficients and effective sorption coefficients were calculated from the results of the water vapor sorption experiments. The presence of sodium sulfite resulted in an increased number of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds and a slightly decreased number of disulfide bonds. The oxygen permeability decreased from 68 to 46 cm3 (STP/standard temperature and pressure) 100 μm (m2 d bar)−1 for 1 wt.-% SDS in the whey protein cast film. The water vapor transmission rate decreased from 165 to 44 g 100 μm (m2 d)−1 measured at 50 to 0% r. h. for 20 wt.-% SDS in the whey protein cast film. The reduction in the water vapor transmission rate correlated with the lower effective diffusion coefficient.

Degradation of nitro-aromatic explosives using recyclable magnetic photocatalyst: Catalyst synthesis and process optimization

In this research, degradation of P-Nitrophenol (PNP) as a model nitro-aromatic compound was carried out by photocatalytic process using magnetic Titania nano particles (MTNPs). The recyclable MTNPs were synthesized with average diameter of 22nm and a narrow size distribution. The process was modeled and optimized by a second order reduced polynomial model. Based on the model prediction, the process can be degraded PNP up to 90% under the optimum conditions of the initial pH=4, [PNP]=15mgL−1, [MTNPs]=85mgL−1, and T=25°C. PNP mineralization was obtained 69%, at the optimum condition after 120min of the process. The process kinetic was well fitted by pseudo first order kinetic model and electrical energy consumption of the process was obtained about 177.8kWh/m3. Furthermore, the effect of sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate and sodium nitrite on the photocatalytic degradation process was assessed. The results showed that sulfite or sulfate ions decrease and nitrite ions increase the process efficiency. Also, a sample of redwater as a nitro-aromatic effluent was treated.

Effect of sodium sulfite on acid pretreatment of wheat straw with respect to its final conversion to ethanol

A pretreatment process that combines dilute acid and sodium sulfite has been applied to wheat straw to study the effect of temperature (120–180 °C) and sodium sulfite concentration (0–3%) on the yield of glucose in subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production by fermentation. The results were compared with both dilute acid pretreatment (without Na2SO3 addition) and hot water pretreatment. Formation of furfural and hydroxymethylfurural, which can inhibit ethanol-producing microorganisms, were measured and the ethanol yield in a subsequent fermentation was evaluated. The results indicate that a combination of 180 °C, 30 min, 1% H2SO4 and 2.4% Na2SO3 during pretreatment produced the highest ethanol yield; 17.3 g/100 g dry weight of initial biomass, which corresponds to 75% of the theoretical yield from glucose. 28 mg of furan inhibitors (sum of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural) per gram dry weight of initial wheat straw were generated under this condition. Increasing sulfite loading up to 2.4% decreased inhibitor formation, leading to increased delignification and preservation of cellulose from dissolution. On the other hand, an elevated temperature in combination with low pH reduced the amount of solid phase after pretreatment, increased the level of inhibitors and reduced the concentration of ethanol produced by fermentation.

Effect of sodium sulfite, carboxylic monomer, and phosphoric acid etching on bonding of tri-n-butylborane initiated resin to human enamel.

The purpose of the present study is evaluation of bonding durability of tri-n-butylborane (TBB) initiated resin without 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) joined to human enamel. Ground human enamel was bonded with TBB resin under six surface conditions: 1) as ground, 2) primed with Teeth Primer, 3) sodium sulfite solution, 4) 4-META solution, 5) acetone-water, and 6) phosphoric acid etching. Pre- and post-thermocycling bond strengths and change in strength after thermocycling were compared. Etching enamel with 35-45% phosphoric acid enhanced bonding durability between enamel and TBB-initiated resin. Priming with Teeth Primer or 4-META solution improved bond strength between enamel and TBB-initiated resin. Sodium sulfite had little effect on enamel bonding in the present bonding systems.

Short‐Term Viscoelastic Properties of Bloodmeal‐Based Thermoplastics

ABSTRACTThe effects of sodium sulfite (SS) content and injection molding temperature on the viscoelasticity of bloodmeal‐based thermoplastics were assessed using creep, recovery, and stress relaxation. Both SS and processing temperature affected standard mechanical properties and time‐dependent behavior. Increased SS content led to greater creep, greater strain at break, and reduced modulus and mechanical strength of the material. Furthermore, the use of a higher injection molding temperature also reduced modulus and strength. Higher molding temperature also caused an increase in the fraction of creep recovered in 20 min. These results confirmed that increased SS increased chain mobility and that injection molding at 140°C instead of 120°C did not cause excessive thermal cross‐linking.

The Effect by Sodium Sulfite on the Enzyme Activity and Stabilization of Race Bran

This paper focuses on the effect by sodium sulfite on the enzyme activity and stabilization of rice bran. First, enzymes are studied by detecting the activity of lipase and peroxidase. Then the total antioxidant capacity is tested in order to clarify the effect of sodium sulfite on antioxidant substances. Finally, processed rice bran is storaged in constant temperature to observe the change of fatty acid and peroxide value. The optimal condition is 4% sodium sulfite for 150min. The results show that the sodium sulfite can reduce the enzyme activity to improve the stability of rice bran.

Sodium Sulfite Enhances Rhinovirus-Induced Chemokine Production in Airway Epithelial Cells

We investigated the effects of sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3)) on rhinovirus (RV)-induced chemokine production in A549 airway epithelial cells. Our results demonstrated that the treatment of A549 cells with 2,500 μM Na(2)SO(3) enhanced the mRNA expression of RV-induced interleukin (IL)-8 1.8 fold (p = 0.025); and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), 2.9 fold (p = 0.025). Moreover, the secretion of IL-8, RANTES, and interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 was increased in a statistically significant manner without affecting cell viability and RV replication. Our results suggest that Na(2)SO(3) may potentiate RV infection by enhancing chemokine production.

Eletroquímica de flotação de minerais de sulfetos de chumbo e zinco

Esse trabalho foi realizado com amostras provenientes da mina de Morro Agudo, visando a verificar a influência do potencial Eh na flotação de chumbo e zinco. As amostras foram provenientes da britagem primária. Durante o processo de flotação, o potencial redox foi monitorado, continuamente, usando um eletrodo de platina. Nesse estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos da adição de sulfeto de sódio e sulfito de sódio na recuperação de galena e esfalerita na presença e na ausência de nitrogênio, como gás de flotação. Uma análise estatística dos resultados de recuperação foi feita através do software MINITAB. A interação do sulfeto de sódio com o gás nitrogênio diminui a recuperação de chumbo no concentrado e o gás nitrogênio, isoladamente, aumentou a recuperação de zinco no concentrado, para uma flotação composta por dois circuitos em série, recuperação da galena, seguida da esfalerita.

Food preservatives sodium sulfite and sorbic acid suppress mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Antioxidant preservatives prolong the quality of food and ensure the nutritional adequacy, palatability and safety of many processed foods and beverages. Effects of sodium sulfite (E221) and sorbic acid (E200) were investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) which were purified from blood of healthy donors. Cells were stimulated with the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin in vitro, which induces proliferation of T-cells and the production of Th1-type cytokines like interferon-γ. The latter triggers enzyme indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase, which degrades tryptophan, and GTP cyclohydrolase I, which leads to increased neopterin production, in monocyte-derived macrophages. Sodium sulfite and sorbic acid suppressed both these biochemical changes in a dose-dependent way ( P < 0.01 at 1 mM sodium sulfite and 50 mM sorbic acid). Data demonstrate a suppressive influence of sodium sulfite and sorbic acid on the activated Th1-type immune response.

Effects of Sodium Sulfite and Extrusion on the Nutritional Value of Soybean Products for Nursery Pigs

Effects of Sodium Sulfite and Extrusion on the Nutritional Value of Soybean Products for Nursery Pigs

Effects of Sodium Sulfite and Extrusion on the Nutritional Value of Soybean Meal in Piglets Weaned at 21 Days

Effects of Sodium Sulfite and Extrusion on the Nutritional Value of Soybean Meal in Piglets Weaned at 21 Days

Effects of Sodium Sulfite on Recovery and Composition of Detergent Fiber and Lignin

Use of sodium sulfite to reduce nitrogenous contamination in fiber analysis was evaluated. The effects of sodium sulfite on analytical accuracy and precision were examined for amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), sequentially determined acid detergent fiber (sADF), and acid detergent lignin (sADL) in animal feeds. In one experiment, 0.5 g sodium sulfite was added per sample during neutral detergent (ND) extraction. The treatment consistently reduced aNDF, sADF, and sADL values of 180 alfalfa samples and improved precision (decreased within-sample variance of replicated analyses). The greatest effect was on precision of sADL analysis, with within-sample variance reduced by more than 50%. In a second experiment, 24 animal feeds were analyzed for a aNDF, sADF, and sADL with and without addition of 0.5 g sodium sulfite per sample during ND extraction. Nitrogen contents of the recovered fiber fractions were determined. Sodium sulfite reduced fiber and lignin values and decreased nitrogen concentration in residues. Within-sample variance was lower in all analyses. In a third experiment, 23 animal feeds were analyzed for aNDF with sodium sulfite at 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g per sample. Average aNDF of feeds was reduced by each additional increment of sodium sulfite; however, 1.0 g sodium sulfite resulted in only a slight reduction in aNDF compared with 0.5 g. Therefore, 0.5 g sodium sulfite per sample should be added to samples prior to aNDF analysis.