Effects Of Social Power Research Articles

Sorry, not sorry: The effect of social power on transgressors' apology and nonapology.

The current research investigated the role of transgressors' social power on their motivation to apologize or not. Based on power approach theory (Keltner et al., 2003), we predicted that high-power transgressors would be less motivated to apologize and more motivated to engage in nonapology (e.g., shifting blame, minimizing the transgression) than their low-power counterparts. We further predicted that the relation between social power and apology and nonapology would be explained by transgressors' self-other focus. Four multimethod (nonexperimental, experimental), multisample (community, undergraduate) studies supported our predictions. Results are discussed within the context of the extant social motivation literature and applied implications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Effect of Social Power, Cultural Intelligence, and Socioeconomic Status on Students' International Entrepreneurial Intention.

BackgroundUndeniably, international entrepreneurship is important to a nation’s development. The government has engaged in various activities to support international entrepreneurship in China. However, the results were less embracing, particularly among students. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence students’ intentions toward international entrepreneurship is vital in the effort to develop entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study examined whether social power and international entrepreneurship intention are related based on social capital theory, as well as the possible influence of cultural intelligence and socioeconomic status on this relationship.MethodsA quantitative study was conducted to test the hypotheses. Data were collected through paper-based questionnaires from 372 undergraduate students at 19 universities in China. The partial least squares structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses using the SmartPLS software.ResultsSocial power has a positive effect on international entrepreneurship intentions, and motivational cultural intelligence plays a mediating role in this relationship. In addition, behavioral cultural intelligence played a mediating role in this relationship but not in the hypothesized direction. The effect of social power on international entrepreneurship intentions via motivational cultural intelligence is strengthened by socioeconomic status. However, socioeconomic status failed to moderate the mediating effects of social power on international entrepreneurship intentions, as transmitted through behavioral cultural intelligence.ConclusionThis study contributes to the scarce empirical literature on students’ international entrepreneurship intention in China by testing the relationship between social power and international entrepreneurship intention via cultural intelligence. In addition, these findings demonstrate that future research should focus on improving students’ perceptions of international entrepreneurship as an important career choice.

Adopting Artificial Intelligence in Public Healthcare: The Effect of Social Power and Learning Algorithms.

Although the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is still in its early stages, it is important to understand the factors influencing its adoption. Using a qualitative multi-case study of three hospitals in China, we explored the research of factors affecting AI adoption from a social power perspective with consideration of the learning algorithm abilities of AI systems. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participative observations, and document analysis, and analyzed using NVivo 11. We classified six social powers into knowledge-based and non-knowledge-based power structures, revealing a social power pattern related to the learning algorithm ability of AI.

Evolution of social power over influence networks containing antagonistic interactions

Individual social power in the opinion formation process over social influence networks has been under intense scientific investigation. Most related works assume explicitly or implicitly that the interpersonal influence weights are always non-negative. In sharp comparison, we argue that such influence weights can be both positive and negative since there exist various contrasting relationships in real-world social networks. Hence, this article studies the evolution of opinion dynamics and social power on cooperative-competitive networks whose influence structure changes via a reflected appraisal mechanism along a sequence of issue discussions. Of particular focus is on identifying the pathways and effects of social power on shaping public opinions from a graph-theoretic perspective. Then, we propose a dynamic model for the reflected self-appraisal process, which enables us to discuss how the individual social power evolves over sequential issue discussions. By accommodating differential Lyapunov theory, we show the global exponential convergence of the self-appraisal model for almost all network topologies. Finally, we conclude that the self-appraisals and social powers are eventually dependent only on an interpersonal appraisal profile.

The effects of social power and apology on victims' posttransgression responses.

The purpose of this research was to test how, why, and when social power influences victims' revenge seeking, grudge holding, and forgiveness. Based on Keltner, Gruenfeld, and Anderson's (2003) power approach theory and McCullough, Kurzban, and Tabak's (2013) theorizing about revenge and forgiveness systems, we tested (a) the associations between victims' social power and revenge, grudge, and forgiveness; (b) the mediational role of approach/inhibition motivation in explaining why the associations exist; and (c) the moderating role of whether the transgressor apologizes or not in explaining the associations. Five studies (Ns = 279, 181, 154, 131, and 81) that varied in sample (undergraduate, community), research method (nonexperimental, experimental), context (laboratory, online), measures (self-reported, behavioral), and statistical method (regression, ANOVA), supported our predictions and the systematic generalizability of the effects. Applied implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Powerless people don't yell but tell: The effects of social power on direct and indirect expression of anger

AbstractExpressing anger can engender desired change, but it can also backfire. In the present research we examined how power shapes the expression of anger. In Study 1, we found that powerless individuals were less inclined to express their anger directly but more inclined to express it indirectly by sharing it with others. Powerless participants’ reluctance to express anger directly was mediated by negative social appraisals. In Study 2, we replicated the effect of power on direct anger expression in a situation in which participants had actual power (or not). Anger was evoked in the laboratory using an ecologically valid procedure, and participants were given an opportunity to express anger. Study 3 showed that powerless participants expected direct anger expression to arouse more anger than fear in the target, whereas the opposite was true for indirect anger expression. Powerful participants always expected to elicit more fear than anger in the target.

Lifelong minority religion: routines and reflexivity: A Bourdieuan perspective on the habitus of elderly Finnish Orthodox Christian women

Applications of the concept of habitus to research on religion have increased in recent decades. At present, Pierre Bourdieu's interpretation of the concept is perhaps the most well known. Nevertheless, it has also met with criticism. This article utilizes Bourdieuan theorizations to discuss the habitus of elderly Finnish Orthodox Christian women. The author examines the women's dispositions in relation to their changing minority position within Finnish society, and identifies the dynamic between reflexivity and routine practice as being central to their religion. The analysis demonstrates the value of Bourdieu's understanding of habitus when studying the long-term effects of social power on subjectivity – as reflected, for instance, in lifelong minority religion. The author argues, moreover, that contrary to the claims of many critics, Bourdieu's approach is suitable for inquiries into the conscious dimensions of practicing, in so far as these are conceived of as grounded in individuals’ past and present conditions of religious practice.

The effects of social power and disparagement humor on the evaluations of subordinates

This article examines the effects of social power and disparagement humor on the evaluation of subordinates. According to prejudiced norm theory, it is proposed that powerful people, compared with the powerless, are more likely to negatively evaluate subordinates when exposed to disparagement humor against subordinates. To test this hypothesis, two studies were conducted. Study 1 (N = 116) aimed to analyze and select humorous material (neutral vs. disparagement humor against subordinates) that allowed us to test our hypothesis. Study 2 (N = 116) investigated the effect of the exposure to disparagement humor in people who hold or not a power position. Results showed an interaction between power and type of humor: when powerful people were exposed to disparagement humor they evaluated subordinates worse than the powerless, whereas when they were exposed to neutral humor there were no differences between groups. The implications of these results are discussed.

The Effects of Social Power on Goal Content and Goal Striving: A Situated Perspective

AbstractIn this article, we integrate recent findings on the ways power affects goal pursuit. We review literature suggesting that power has two unique effects on goal pursuit: it affects the goals individuals choose to pursue, and the ways they pursue them. In short, we maintain that power‐holders prefer goals that suit their privileged positions – reward oriented and hierarchy‐maintenance goals – as well as goals that come easily to mind because they are chronically accessible or afforded in the situation. We go on to show that powerful individuals exhibit better self‐regulation during goal striving than powerless individuals, independently of goal content. Finally, we review conditions that reverse the effects of power on goal pursuit.

Effects of Social Power on People's Reactions to an Apology

Effects of Social Power on People's Reactions to an Apology

児童の社会的勢力認知と影響戦術使用の循環的関連に関する研究

This study examines how children's social power cognitions about themselves and the collective efficacy of their classrooms affect their selection and use of influence tactics toward their classmates. The effect of daily usage of influence tactics by children on agents' perception of social power is also examined. The results of linear regression analysis indicate that children who see themselves as friendly holders of power deriving from the perception of affable friendships use both collaborative and coercive influence tactics. While the use of collaborative tactics encourages agents' friendly social power cognition, the use of coercive tactics only reinforces their coercive power cognition. In addition, it is suggested that the effect of social power over agents' use of influence tactics is moderated by the collective efficacy of their classroom.

Relationship orientation as a moderator of the effects of social power.

Relationship orientation as a moderator of the effects of social power.

The Use of Literary Sources in the Preparation of Clinicians for Multicultural Practice

Competency in multicultural practice requires skill in use of self and an ability to connect with others different from oneself. The potential for countertransferential responses is intensified in practice settings where there is diversity between client and practitioner. In these situations, there is a heightened need for practitioners to be aware of the effects of social power in the practice relationship. Bibliothera-peutic activities are proposed as a classroom learning method that assists in the preparation of practitioners for multicultural practice.

Effects of social power on language use across speech communities

This paper discusses the discourse strategies that status‐unequal inter‐locutors use in expressing disagreement. It reveals semantic formulas as influenced by the role relationships, thus the relative power and status of interlocutors. It also compares and contrasts the discourse strategies used by native speakers of Turkish and American English for the same speech event in order to obtain a cross‐cultural perspective. Data was collected from 80 native speakers of Turkish and 14 native speakers of American English using a written elicitation task (Takahashi & Beebe 1993). Analysis was done by uncovering the semantic strategies and politeness formulas which status‐unequal interlocutors use in carrying out this face‐threatening speech function. Findings indicate style variation in accordance with role relationships and reveal the sociolinguistic norms of different discourse communities in the execution of the same speech act.

The Effects of Social Power and Preexisting Attitudes on Public and Private Responses to an Induced Attitude

A set ofpredictions was developed in which the occurrence of private acceptance, given that public compliance has been obtained, is viewed as a function of both the type of socialpower used by the influencing agent, and the magnitude of preexisting opposing attitudes within the individual being influenced. The attitude of 116 introductory psychology students toward the course requirement that they serve as subjects in psychology experiments was used to test the main predictions. Although these predictions were not supported by the data, further analysis uncovered the following results concerning the occurrence of private acceptance: (a) those subjects with a greater discrepancy between preexisting opposing attitude and induced attitude showed less private acceptance than those with less discrepancy, and (b) females showed more private acceptance when the influencing agent used reward power rather than referent power, while males showed more private acceptance when the agent used referent power rather than reward power.

Effects of social power on aspiration setting and striving.

Effects of social power on aspiration setting and striving.