Effects Of SO2 Exposure Research Articles

ANALISIS ASAP DAN EMISI GAS BUANG BUS BAGI KESEHATAN PETUGAS TICKETING HALTE

Motor vehicles emit a wide variety of gases and particles including a variety of high molecular weight organic and inorganic compounds that can be inhaled directly through the nose. Several components of air pollutants as primary pollutants include most of the other air pollutants that can affect air quality and can be grouped into CO, NO2, SO2, HC, and others. Initial observations made at the ticketing bus stop officers found that the officers did not wear perfect personal protective equipment when doing their work. The terminal is a transit point for public transportation modes such as buses. Stop ticketing officers are workers who work in an environment that is prone to smoke pollution and motor vehicle gas emissions. The purpose of this study is to create a work environment, especially ticketing station attendants that are safe, comfortable and able to improve the health and productivity of ticketing bus stop officers and analyze CO and SO2 exposure to ticketing bus stop workers' diseases. The study took data from 20 respondents, all of whom were ticketing bus stop officers at the Sumberlawang terminal, Sragen. The method used in this study is multiple linear regression which functions to measure the relationship between variables and test the research hypothesis. Then the results showed that the effect of SO2 exposure on pain had no significant effect on the disease of ticketing bus stop officers, because the condition of the bus had no significant effect. Buses that stop briefly at the bus stop are the average new bus. has zero emissions and emits less SO2.

The effects of SO2 exposure on three-way catalysts for passive SCR operation

Efficient lean-burn gasoline engines cannot employ traditional three-way catalysts (TWCs) to control NOX emissions due to excess oxygen. Passive selective catalytic reduction (pSCR) is a process designed to control NOx by generating NH3 over the TWC during fuel-rich operation, storing it on a downstream SCR, and then converting NOx during fuel-lean operation. This work is focused on studying sulfur effects on this promising strategy. Two hydrothermally-aged commercial catalysts were studied for their effectiveness in the presence of SO2: a Pd-based TWC and a TWC with NOX storage. The sulfated samples were evaluated in a flow reactor under pSCR conditions and with targeted reactions. SO2 inhibited the water gas shift and steam reforming reactions, decreasing (but not eliminating) NH3 production; however, initial activity is recoverable after a simple thermal treatment at 650 °C. This work will prove valuable in understanding, mitigating, and even reversing the effects of SO2 inhibition on real pSCR systems.

Short-term effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) change on the risk of tuberculosis outpatient visits in 16 cities of Anhui Province, China: the first multi-city study to explore differences in occupational patients.

A growing number of biological studies suggest that exogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) at a certain concentration may promote human resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the results of most relevant studies are inconsistent, and few studies have explored the relationship between SO2 exposure and tuberculosis risk at provincial level. In addition, occupational exposure has long been considered to have a certain impact on the human body, so for the first time, we discussed the differences between different occupations in the study on the relationship between air pollutant exposure and tuberculosis risk, and evaluated the impact of occupational exposure. This study aimed to explore the association between short-term SO2 exposure and the risk of outpatient visits to tuberculosis in Anhui province and 16 prefecture-level cities from 2015 to 2020. We used several models for multi-stage analysis, including distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM), Poisson generalized linear regression model, and random-effects model. The association was assessed using the 28-day cumulative lag effect RR and 95%CI for each 10-unit increase in SO2 concentration. We divided all patients into the following six occupations: Worker, Farmer, Retired people, Children and Students, Cadre and Office clerk, and Service staff (catering, business, etc.). Sex, age, and season were analyzed by subgroup. Finally, the robustness of the multi-pollutant model was tested. At provincial level, the overall effect value of SO2 was RR=0.8191 (95%CI: 07702~0.8712); after grouping all patients by occupation, the association found only among Farmers (RR = 0.7150, 95%CI: 0.6699–0.7632, lag 0–28 days) and Workers (RR = 0.8566, 95%CI: 0.7930–0.9930, lag 0–4 days) was still statistically significant. Estimates for individual cities and using random-effects models to estimate average associations showed that SO2 exposure was associated with a reduced risk of outpatient TB visits in 14 municipalities, which remained significant when aggregated (RR = 0.9030, 95%CI: 0.8730–0.9340). Analysis of patients grouped by occupation in each municipality showed that statistical significance was again observed only in the Farmer (RR = 0.8880, 95%CI: 0.8610–0.9160) and Worker (RR = 0.8250, 95%CI: 0.7290–0.9340) groups. Stratified analysis of age, sex, and season showed that the effect of SO2 exposure was greater for middle-aged people (18–64 years old) and males, and less for seasonal changes. In summary, we found that exposure to SO2 reduces the risk of outpatient visits to tuberculosis, with farmers and workers more susceptible to SO2. Gender and age had a greater impact on the risk of TB outpatient visits than seasonal variations.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-022-19438-x.

The Effects of So2 Exposure on Three-Way Catalysts for Passive Scr Operation

The Effects of So2 Exposure on Three-Way Catalysts for Passive Scr Operation

二氧化硫增强拟南芥植株对干旱的适应性

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 二氧化硫增强拟南芥植株对干旱的适应性 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201701110090 作者: 作者单位: 山西大学,山西大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（30870454，30470318，31371868）；高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目（20070108007，20121401110007） Sulfur dioxide improves drought adaptation in Arabidopsis plants Author: Affiliation: Shanxi University,Shanxi University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以模式植物拟南芥为材料，研究SO2对植物干旱适应性的影响。采用分光光度法检测植物干旱生理指标的变化，并用半定量RT-PCR技术分析了拟南芥热激基因和干旱响应基因的转录水平。研究发现：4周龄拟南芥植株暴露于30mg/m3的SO2后，6-72h间叶面气孔开度显著低于对照并逐渐减小，在暴露48h和72h时，热激转录因子HsfA2和热激基因Hsp17.7、Hsp17.6B、Hsp17.6C转录上调，干旱响应基因DREB2A、DREB2B和RD29A表达增强；在SO2熏气72h后进行干旱胁迫，干旱期间SO2预暴露植株的叶片相对含水量高于非熏气干旱处理组，植株萎蔫程度比后者明显减轻，且SO2预暴露植株的地上组织中可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量升高，超氧化物歧化酶活性提高，丙二醛含量降低。结果表明：SO2能降低气孔开度、提高抗氧化能力、上调热激基因和干旱响应基因转录，并能促进干旱期间植物细胞内渗透调节物质的合成和积累，促使抗氧化酶活性提高，从而降低干旱胁迫对植株造成的氧化损伤，增强拟南芥对干旱的适应性。植物通过基因转录应答、酶活性改变、渗透调节物质积累等，在适应环境高浓度SO2的同时，提高了对干旱的适应性。 Abstract:Plants have evolved some important mechanisms of adaptation to environmental stress. Plants might respond to multiple environmental factors simultaneously. The cross adaptation of plants provides mechanisms for plant survival under multiple stress conditions. Plant cross adaptation has been observed to occur under low/high temperature and drought stress as well as under saline and drought stress. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a common air pollutant with harmful effects on plants. However, it is not clear how plants respond to simultaneous changes in air SO2 concentration and availability of soil water. In this study, effects of SO2 exposure on the adaptation of plants to drought stress were investigated using Arabidopsis. The results showed that exposure to 30mg/m3 SO2 for 6 to 72 h significantly decreased stomatal aperture in Arabidopsis leaves. The transcriptional levels of heat shock transcription factor HsfA2 and its target genes encoding heat shock proteins Hsp17.7, Hsp17.6B and Hsp17.6C were increased after 48h and 72h of exposure to SO2. The expression of three tested drought-responsive genes DREB2A, DREB2B and RD29A in Arabidopsis were also up-regulated in SO2-fumigated Arabidopsis shoots after 48h and 72h of exposure. Moreover, pretreatment with SO2 caused higher relative water content and low degrees of wilting in Arabidopsis plants under drought stress, indicating improved drought adaptation in SO2-fumigated plants. The contents of soluble sugar and proline were increased in SO2-fumigated Arabidopsis plants, and these increases were accompanied by increases in antioxidant enzyme activity and low malondialdehyde content. The results indicate that SO2 exposure improves plant adaptation to drought stress through regulating stomatal closure, gene transcription and metabolic pathways. The improved antioxidant capacity and increased synthesis and accumulation of osmolytes in SO2-fumigated Arabidopsis plants help to prevent negative effects of drought stress and to enhance plant adaptation to drought stress. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Sulphur dioxide effects on cell structure and photosynthetic performance in the liverwort Frullania dilatata

The effects of SO2 exposure, carried out in controlled-environment cuvettes, on the photosynthetic performance of the liverwort Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum. were investigated by means of chorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics and gas-exchange measurements. Additionally, visible-injury symptoms developing in leaves as a result of exposure to the pollutant were quantified and described. The adverse effects of SO2 on photosynthesis could be seen as (i) a decreased electron flow through photosystem II (PSII), (ii) an increased degree of closure of PSII centres, (iii) a lowered capacity for dissipative processes, and (iv) reduced net CO2 assimilation rates. Additionally, SO2 induced severe cell injury that ranged from cells without oil bodies to cells with collapsed plasma membrane and disorganized organelles. The distribution pattern of injuries in the shoots ofF. dilatata suggests that SO2-induced damage is related to the degree of direct exposure to the pollutant. It is possible that, because this liverwort grows in dense patches with overlapping branches, some protection is conferred to basal leaves.Key words: Frullania dilatata, chlorophyll fluorescence, sulphur dioxide, fumigation, cellular injury.

Sulphur dioxide effects on cell structure and photosynthetic performance in the liverwort <i>Frullania dilatata</i>

The effects of SO2 exposure, carried out in controlled-environment cuvettes, on the photosynthetic performance of the liverwort Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum. were investigated by means of chorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics and gas-exchange measurements. Additionally, visible-injury symptoms developing in leaves as a result of exposure to the pollutant were quantified and described. The adverse effects of SO2 on photosynthesis could be seen as (i) a decreased electron flow through photosystem II (PSII), (ii) an increased degree of closure of PSII centres, (iii) a lowered capacity for dissipative processes, and (iv) reduced net CO2 assimilation rates. Additionally, SO2 induced severe cell injury that ranged from cells without oil bodies to cells with collapsed plasma membrane and disorganized organelles. The distribution pattern of injuries in the shoots ofF. dilatata suggests that SO2-induced damage is related to the degree of direct exposure to the pollutant. It is possible that, because this liv...

A surface analytical study of SO2 stabilisation of LaNi5Hx surfaces

The stabilisation of LaNi5H6 by SO2 poisoning, under conditions approximating those expected in real engineering applications of the hydride, has been investigated with several complementary techniques — SEM, TEM, XPS, XAES and in-situ XRD. The effects of hydrogen loading and SO2 exposure, and of the ambient conditions include: the formation of a 1–2 monolayer thick oxide film at the interface between the gaseous ambient atmosphere and the solid; the formation of a 25–100 nm thick decomposition layer below the oxide film; and the retention of the alloy below the decomposition layer. The decomposition layer is found to be depleted in Ni, according to XPS analyses, while TEM reveals the presence of nano-crystallites (most likely Ni) embedded in an amorphous matrix; the latter consists of mixed oxide, hydroxide and carbonate species. The relationships between the data have resulted in the formulation of a model which proposes that the nano-crystallites promote dissociative/associative H2 chemisorption/desorption at surface sites which under normal circumstances are protected against poisoning by the surrounding amorphous matrix, which is permeable to H2. The effect of SO2 exposure is apparently for the S to react at the surface sites of the nano-crystallites, to form a sulphide, thus stabilising the fully loaded hydride by prevention of associative desorption. There is little, if any, penetration by S of the metal hydride substructure. Also, we find that long-term stability is promoted by the presence of trace amounts of SO2 in the ambient atmosphere; this suggests that the stabilisation is, at least in part, a dynamic process.

Effects of heat and humidity on the responses of exercising asthmatics to sulfur dioxide exposure.

Twenty-two asthmatic young adult volunteers, predetermined to be reactive to sulfur dioxide (SO2) with exercise at normal room temperature, were studied to document short-term effects of SO2 exposure under hot conditions, both humid and dry. For comparison, similar exposures were conducted at mild temperatures. All subjects were exposed in an environmental control chamber to all possible combinations of 2 atmospheric conditions (purified air and 0.6 ppm SO2), 2 temperatures (near 21 and 38 degrees C), and 2 levels of relative humidity (near 20 and 80%). Exposures involved 5 min of heavy exercise (target ventilation rate, 50 L/min) plus brief warm-up and cool-down periods. Body plethysmographic measurements and symptom questionnaire interviews were administered before and at the end of each exposure. Response was expressed in terms of change in airway size or change in intensity of symptoms during exposure. Atmospheric condition showed the most marked and significant overall effect on physiologic responses; temperature and humidity effects were also significant. High temperature and high humidity tended to mitigate the bronchoconstriction produced by 0.6 ppm SO2 exposure: group mean specific airway resistance approximately tripled at 21 degrees C and low humidity, but increased by less than 40% at 38 degrees C and high humidity. Temperature and humidity affected symptoms less consistently than physiologic responses, but in general, symptom responses paralleled physiologic responses.

Effect of SO2 Exposure on Nasal Mucociliary Clearance in Intact Chickens

The time required for mucociliary clearance from the chicken nasal turbinate and from the maxillary sinus was investigated in individual animals by using a newly designed plastic holder for the experimental animals. Determined in this way were: 1) the effect of SO2 exposure on sinus and turbinate clearance time, 2) the effect of the nerve blocking drugs atropine, scopolamine, reserpine, and propranolol on turbinate clearance time, and 3) the effect of these nerve blockers on clearance rates in chickens exposed to SO2. Turbinate mucociliary clearance was measured at 5 intervals per day, during 1 to 7 hr after exposure, for 7 consecutive days. Sinus clearance time was measured twice daily 1 to 4 hr after exposure. Turbinate clearance time in birds exposed to 6 ppm, and sinus clearance time in birds exposed to 40 ppm intermittently for 2 consecutive days both increased strikingly as a direct effect of SO2 exposure. However, continuous exposure to 6 ppm of SO2 during 16 hr per day for 7 consecutive days produced double peaks of increased turbinate clearance time with intervening recovery periods, suggesting an intranasal mucociliary homeostatic response. In individual animals, 26 of 35 animals (75%) exposed to 5 ppm, and 5 of 10 animals (50%) exposed to 20 ppm continuously during 16 hr per day for 7 consecutive days showed the same patterns. Reserpine and propranolol, which are sympatholytic agents, produced decelerated intranasal transport rates. Atropine and scopolamine, which are parasympatholytic agents, did not affect clearance rates. These nerve blockers, however, blocked the biphasic recovery pattern due to SO2 exposure. This blocking effect was statistically significant for atropine and reserpine 1 hr after injection.

Effects of SO2 exposure on carbohydrate contents, phytomass and caloric values of wheat plants

This paper reports the results of wheat plants exposed to SO2. The SO2-treated and control plant samples were periodically analyzed with respect to their carbohydrate content, caloric values, phytomass accumulations and net primary productivity. An initial increase, but later decrease in all these parameters was recorded in SO2-treated plants. These effects in wheat plants have been interpreted in terms of energy budget of plants under SO2-stress condition.