Effects Of Slow-stroke Back Massage Research Articles

Statement of Retraction: Evaluating the Effect of Slow-stroke Back Massage on the Anxiety of Candidates for Cataract Surgery.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3822/ijtmb.v12i2.439.].

The effects of slow-stroke back massage on anxiety and sleep problems in elderly stroke patients

Background: The increasing population of the elderly may cause a large burden of health problems, such as poor sleep quality and anxiety. It was reported that as many as 20 percent – 50 percent of the elderly population in Indonesia experienced sleep problems, and 35 percent of the elderly who had anxiety also had the same problems. Slow Stroke Back Massage (SSBM) may be given as a non-pharmacological to increase sleep quality.Purpose: To analyze the effect of SSBM on sleep quality and anxiety in the elderly at the Tresna Wreda As-Salaam Social Institution, Cirebon City.Method: The pre-experimental design with one group pretest and posttest design. The 15 elderly was the sample, as a total sampling technique was used. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS) questionnaires were used as instruments for measuring sleep quality and anxiety levels. The sleep quality was analyzed by Wilcoxon test and Paired sample t-test was used to analyze anxiety variables.Results: Before the SSBM, all the elderly (100 percent) had poor sleep quality and the majority (93,3 percent) had moderate anxiety levels. Whereas after the intervention, the majority (93,3 percent) had good sleep quality and mild anxiety levels (73,3 percent). The p-value of the Wilcoxon test was 0,001 for sleep quality, and the p-value of paired sample t-test was 0,000 for anxiety.Conclusion: This study indicated that there was a positive effect of SSBM on sleep quality and anxiety levels in the elderly. It is recommended for nurses to widely implement SSBM to help reduce the elderly’s anxiety and sleep problems.

The effect of slow-stroke back massage on chemotherapy-related fatigue in women with breast cancer: An assessor blinded, parallel group, randomized control trial

ObjectiveThis randomized controlled parallel-group trial was conducted to investigate the effect of slow-stroke back massage (SSBM) on the level of fatigue in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. MethodsSixty-four women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy were randomly assigned to SSBMG (n:32), who received SSBM, and CG (n:32), who received routine treatment only. Women with breast cancer in the intervention group received SSBM for a total of 20 min, 10 min before and after each chemotherapy infusion (2nd, 3rd, and 4th cycle). The Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) was completed before and after three cycles of chemotherapy (2nd, 3rd, and 4th) to assess the level of fatigue in women with breast cancer. ResultsAfter using SSBM, the BFI score was significantly lower in SSBMG than in CG (p 0.001) at all three-time points (1st, 2nd, and 3rd-time points). While the within-group change (Δ) in SSBMG differed significantly between time points (p = 0.018, η2 = 0.14), in contrast, the within-group change (Δ) in CG was found not to differ between time points. ConclusionThis study has shown that SSBM, one of the non-pharmacological methods, has a positive effect on the level of fatigue in women with breast cancer.

The Effect of Slow Stroke Back Massage on Primary Dysmenorrhea: Levels of Beta-Endorphin, Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Pain Intensity

Objectives: Dysmenorrhea is one of several gynecological issues that occur among women of reproductive age. In addition, it appears as pain that forms in the pelvis or lower abdomen and spreads to the back and thighs. The peripheral blood among women with dysmenorrhea increases the synthesis and the concentration of oxytocin, F2α prostaglandin hormone, vasopressin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). In this regard, this study aimed to determine the effect of slow-stroke back massage (SSBM) on the levels of β-endorphins, IL-6, TNF-α, and menstrual pain intensity (MPI). Materials and Methods: Based on the aim of the study, the posttest only quasi-experimental method with the control group design approach, pretest-posttest control group approach, and purposive sampling techniques were applied for sample selection. The samples were divided into SSBM and control groups each containing 20 subjects. The numeric rating scale (NRS), β-endorphin, IL-6, and TNFα levels were measured using the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, data were analyzed by paired sample t test and independent-samples t test with α ≤ 0.05. Results: The results revealed that SSBM had an effect on the intensity of menstrual pain (P<0.05), and differences were found between β-endorphin levels, IL-6, TNFα, and MPI among SSBM and control (P<0.05) groups. Accordingly, SSBM can stimulate releasing β-endorphin levels and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα). Conclusions: In general, SSBM is a nonpharmacological action that is effective in primary dysmenorrhea.

Evaluating the effect of massage based on slow stroke back massage on the anxiety of candidates for cataract surgery

Purpose: Preoperative anxiety over cataract surgery affects a large number of patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of slow-stroke back massage on the anxiety of candidates for cataract surgery. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study, which involved 60 candidates for cataract surgery referred to Amiralmomenin Hospital, Zabol in Iran between August 1, 2015, and March 30, 2016. These patients were randomly divided into two groups of slow-stroke back massage group (n=30) and control group (n=30). After obtaining an informed consent, the anxiety levels were measured by the Spielberger state trait anxiety questionnaire in the slow-stroke back massage group and the control group on the morning of the surgery before and immediately after the massage. SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis. Independent t-test and chi-square test were used to compare the data. Findings: According to the results, there was a significant difference between the anxiety levels of the patients in the intervention group before and after the massage (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, Slow-stroke-back massage, which is a low-cost and safe method, significantly reduces anxiety in patients who are candidates for cataract surgery.

Evaluating the Effect of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on the Anxiety of Candidates for Cataract Surgery

The patients under cataract surgery often experience anxiety not only during the surgery, but also prior to the surgery. We sought to determine the effects of slow-stroke back massage on anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery. The study was conducted in the Amiral-momenin Hospital of Zabol city, south-east of Iran. A total of 60 candidates of cataract surgery participated in the study. The participants were randomly allocated to either control or intervention groups. The intervention group received slow-stroke back massages, while patients in control group received routine interventions. The slow-stroke back massage was performed on the patients assigned to the intervention group. The intervention was performed in the morning of the surgery day at 30 minutes before the surgery. The researcher performed each massage session in a sitting position. The duration of each massage session was 15 minutes. Anxiety was assessed in the both groups in the morning of the surgery, before and immediately after the intervention. Independent samples Student's t test, paired samples Student's t test, and chi-squared test were used to analyze the data. Anxiety was not significantly different between the two groups before and after the massage (p = .816). On the other hand, paired samples Student's t test showed a significant difference comparing the anxiety scores before (49.7±5.43) and after (45.16±3.89) the massage in the intervention group (p < .001). Based on our results, slow-stroke back massage, which is a low-cost and safe method, reduced anxiety in patients who were candidates for cataract surgery.

The effect of slow-stroke back massage on anxiety in female patients with heart failure

Introduction and Aims: Patients with heart failure experience many physical and psychological symptoms such as anxiety, which reduces their life expectancy. The use of alternative methods of therapy, including slow-stroke back massage (SSBM), can be effective in reducing the symptoms of heart failure. This study aims to investigate the effect of slow-stroke back massage on anxiety in women with heart failure.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study conducted in the Department of Cardiology of Ghaem Hospital (affiliated with the Hamedan University of Medical Sciences) in 2015, 60 patients with heart failure were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. Slow-stroke back massage was performed in 7 sessions for 7 consecutive days (one session per day) for 10 minutes in the intervention group. Demographic characteristics and standard anxiety questionnaires Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-42). were used to collect the patient data. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings: The mean of anxiety before intervention in intervention group 28.2 ±6.04 and in control group was 27.47±5.22 and after the intervention in the intervention group was 21.37±6.24 and in control group 26.1±6.27, that showed a significant difference compared with before the intervention (p&lt;0.001).he mean anxiety scores of all participants in the intervention group before and after the intervention was very severe, but after the intervention, its mean anxiety scores decreased. Using Paired t-test, the mean anxiety scores of the control group before and after the intervention was not significantly different (P &lt;0.05).Conclusion: Slow-stroke back massage significantly decreased anxiety in female patients with heart failure.

Effects of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on Symptom Cluster in Adult Patients With Acute Leukemia: Supportive Care in Cancer Nursing.

Patients with acute leukemia usually experience pain, fatigue, and sleep disorders, which affect their quality of life. Massage therapy, as a nondrug approach, can be useful in controlling such problems. However, very few studies have been conducted on the effects of massage therapy on the complications of leukemia. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of slow-stroke back massage (SSBM) on the symptom cluster in acute leukemia adult patients undergoing chemotherapy. In this randomized controlled trial, 60 patients with acute leukemia were allocated randomly to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group received SSBM 3 times a week (every other day for 10 minutes) for 4 weeks. The pain, fatigue, and sleep disorder intensities were measured using the numeric rating scale. The sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Statistical tests of χ, t test, and the repeated-measure analysis of variance were used for data analysis. Results showed that the SSBM intervention significantly reduced the progressive sleep disorder, pain, fatigue, and improved sleep quality over time. Slow-stroke back massage, as a simple, noninvasive, and cost-effective approach, along with routine nursing care, can be used to improve the symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, and sleep disorders in leukemia patients. Oncology nurses can increase their knowledge regarding this symptom cluster and work to diminish the cluster components by using SSBM in adult leukemia patients.

The Effectiveness of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on Hospitalization Anxiety and Physiological Parameters in School-Age Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study.

BackgroundThe outcomes of hospitalization anxiety are mental health disorders. One of the methods of anxiety reduction is massage, which can cause reduction of pain and changes in physiological parameters.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of slow-stroke back massage (SSBM) on hospitalization anxiety and physiological parameters in school-age children.MethodsThis clinical trial study included 80 school-aged children from Ali Ebne Abi Taleb hospital, located in Zahedan, who were selected using sequential sampling and randomly divided into two groups: a massage group (40) and a control group (40). Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the state-trait anxiety inventory for children (STAIC). Subjects in the massage group received SSBM, using sesame oil, for 3 days. Massage was given three times a day, and each massage session lasted for 15 - 20 minutes. Physiological parameters and hospitalization anxiety were determined from the second to fifth days. T-test and Chi-square were used for analysis data.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the mean of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressures (DBP), and pulse rate (PR) in the massage group prior to intervention (97.05 ± 20.7, 60.35 ± 16.69 and 95.45 ± 13.02 respectively) and on the fifth day (88.32 ± 16.58, 55.95 ± 12.7 and 90.45 ± 15.1 respectively). However, no difference was observed in mean respiratory rate (RR) in the massage group from the second day (17.55 ± 3.6) to fifth day (17.62 ± 3.27) (P = 0.096). The mean of state of anxiety, which was 36.4 ± 5.1 before intervention, was reduced by the fifth day to 31.2 ± 5.1 in the massage group (P < 0.0001, t = 5.2).ConclusionsThe results suggest that massage reduced hospitalization anxiety, PR, and BP. Therefore, we propose that nurses can use massage to reduce anxiety in school-age children in hospital. This method has no side-effects and is easily applicable.

The Effect of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on the Anxiety Levels of Iranian Women on the First Postpartum Day.

BackgroundAnxiety disorder is common during the postpartum period. Back massage relaxation techniques are one of the most important nonpharmacological interventions to prevent and control postpartum-related anxiety.ObjectivesTo determine the effectiveness of slow-stroke back massage on the anxiety levels of primiparous mothers in the first days after delivery.Materials and MethodsThis single-blind controlled clinical trial consisted of 100 primiparous mothers with normal deliveries. The mothers were randomly allocated to interventional (n = 50) or control (n = 50) groups using binary blocks. Both groups were followed up just before, immediately after, and the morning after the intervention. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Spielberger’s state anxiety inventory (STAI) questionnaire.ResultsThe mean age of the mothers was 22 years. There were no significant between-group differences in age (P = 0.333), education (P = 0.427), and medication during labor and the postpartum period (P = 0.412). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean anxiety scores of the experimental (6.66 ± 35.48) and control groups (9.05 ± 37.42) before the intervention (P = 0.268). Immediately after the massage and the next morning, there was a significant between-group difference in the anxiety scores (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that slow-stroke back massage is a simple, inexpensive, noninvasive, and effective method to reduce the anxiety levels of primiparous women during the first postpartum day.

The Impact of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on Anxiety Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Aim: Anxiety is among the commonest psychological problems experienced by patients receiving hemodialysis. One of the anxiety management strategies is complementary therapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of slow-stroke back massage on anxiety among hemodialysis patients. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in a sample of 60 patients. The patients were allocated either to an experimental or a control group through simple random allocation. Patients in the experimental group received a slow-stroke back massage for 10 minutes thrice a week during 4 consecutive weeks, while patients in the control group received routine care services and had no information about the intervention provided to the patients in the experimental group. The level of anxiety was measured using Splielberger’s State-trait anxiety inventory at 3 time points, namely, after hemodialysis and before the intervention, 15 days after the intervention, and 30 days after the intervention. Data were entered into SPSS software (v. 16.0) and analyzed through running the repeated measures analysis of variance and the independent-sample t-test. Descriptive statistic measures were used for data description. Results: The repeated measures analysis of variance showed that slow-stroke back massage significantly alleviated state and trait anxiety at 15 and 30 days after the intervention (P < 0.001). Thirty days after the intervention, the means of state anxiety in the experimental and control groups were 34.7 ± 7.4 and 46.2 ± 7.3 while the means of trait anxiety were 35.2 ± 8.4 and 46.2 ± 7.4, respectively. The means of the pretest-posttest mean difference of state anxiety on the 15th and 30th day after the intervention in the experimental group were 10.6 ± 8.5 and 12.8 ± 7.2 while the means of the trait anxiety pretest-posttest mean difference were 7.7 ± 8.2 and 10.7 ± 3.4, respectively. The means of posttest state and trait anxiety in the experimental group were significantly lower than the baseline values (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Using massage therapy programs can positively affect the level of anxiety among patients receiving hemodialysis.

Anxiety Control in the Iranian Children with Chronic Leukemia: Use of a Non-drug Method

Background Among all malignances, leukemia has the greatest effects on patients 'psychological aspects. Anxiety is common problem in leukemia patients (especially in children). Since no study has addressed the effect of Slow-stroke back massage (SSBM) on anxiety in the pediatrics with chronic leukemia, this investigation aimed to controlling anxiety through a non-drug method (such as SSBM) in children with chronic leukemia. Materials and methods In this Randomized double-blind trial, 35 children with chronic leukemia were placed in the intervention or control groups. The intervention group received 5-minute SSBM sessions, 3-time a week (every other day) for 4 weeks. The data were collected using the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS). Before the investigation, anxiety levels were measured in both groups, at the 2th, 4th weeks and also two weeks after the end of intervention (6th weeks). Chi-square, repeated measure, and t-test were used for analysis with using SPSS-16. Results Most of children were suffered from chronic myeloid leukemia (62.8%). The repeated measure ANOVA showed that, the SSBM significantly reduced progressive mean of anxiety over time (P<0.05). While in the control group, mean of anxiety did not change over time. Also, the mean of anxiety increased in the massage group two weeks after end of the intervention, however, it was still lower than the baseline (P<0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study are suggesting that SSBM, as a non-drug, easy and safe method, is effective for controlling anxiety in chidren with chronic leukemia. Therefore, caregivers should pay attention to this method.

Effects of Slow-stroke Back Massage on Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting in the Pediatrics with Acute Leukemia: a Challenge of Controlling Symptoms

Introduction Nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects of chemotherapy in the pediatrics with cancer which affect their quality of life. Use of some methods of complementary medicine in leukemia patients is problematic. Because, leukemia patients are at risk of infection and bleeding, therefore the use of acupressure, acupuncture, and deep massage can be risky in these patients. Slow- stroke back massage is applied on the surface of body, so does not have complications. No study has addressed the effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatrics with acute leukemia in the world. Material and methods This study was a two-group randomized controlled trial (RCT), double blind and repeated measures design. In this RCT, 45 school age children with acute leukemia were placed in the massage and control groups. Before start of the study, at the day of chemotherapy administration (day 1th), only nausea and vomiting were measured. Then during 6 days next (day 2 through 7), the intervention group received 5-minutes Super Smash Bros. Melee (SSBM), immediately before start of each session of chemotherapy. Nausea was measured during chemotherapy, 0.5 h and 3 h after each session of chemotherapy in the two groups. Also vomiting was recorded during 24 h after each session of chemotherapy. Repeated measures ANOVA, Chi-square, and t-test were used for analysis. Results Most of pediatrics were male (58.13%), and suffered from Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (81.7%). The repeated measure analysis showed that in the intervention group, the SSBM reduced progressive mean of nausea severity and frequency of vomit over time. While, this side effects have slightly increased over time in the control group. Conclusion The results of this study are suggesting that SSBM, as a non-pharmacologic, easy and safe method, is effective in controlling Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in the pediatrics with acute leukemia.

The Effects of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on Minutes of Nighttime Sleep in Persons With Dementia and Sleep Disturbances in the Nursing Home

This pilot study tested the effects of a 3-minute slow-stroke back massage (SSBM) on total minutes of nighttime sleep on persons with dementia with sleep disturbances aged 65 years or older in the nursing home. Pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized to an intervention group (n = 20) who received the 3-minute SSBM or a usual care control condition group (n = 20) who received usual bedtime care. Forty-eight hours of actigraphy data was recorded and analyzed on sleep variables at baseline and postintervention. Descriptive statistics showed a 36-minute increase on minutes of nighttime sleep in the SSBM intervention group (46.1 minutes) compared with the control group (10.32 minutes). Analysis of covariance did not reveal significant differences between the intervention and control groups on minutes of nighttime sleep, F(1, 37) = 1.90, p = .18, partial η(2) = .05, or on other sleep variables. Dose-finding studies are needed to determine the duration of SSBM for sleep promotion. Findings from this pilot study suggest that SSBM may be an effective nursing intervention for sleep in persons with dementia in the nursing home, but further testing is needed to provide definitive results.

The physiological and psychological effects of slow‐stroke back massage and hand massage on relaxation in older people

In recent years, the nursing profession used technology and pharmacology to relieve conditions such as pain, anxiety and insomnia that were once treated with massage. However, interest in massage has grown with the move to more holistic nursing. This review examines the physiological and psychological effects of slow-stroke back massage and hand massage on relaxation in older people and identifies effective protocols for massage in older people. Review. Cooper's five-stage model was used in the review process. The search strategy included all studies without limiters for dates through June 2009 in the following databases: Ovid Medline, Cochrane databases, PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHL, Health Resource, PychINFO and EMB Reviews 1991-June 2009. The quality of the research was evaluated using the Research Appraisal Checklist. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria for massage, relevance to older people and rigorous research. All studies using slow-stroke back massage and hand massage showed statistically significant improvements on physiological or psychological indicators of relaxation. The most common protocols were three-minute slow-stroke back massage and 10-minute hand massage. Physiological and psychological indicators suggest the effectiveness of slow-stroke back massage and hand massage in promoting relaxation in older people across all settings. Studies are needed to analyse the feasibility and cost effectiveness of massage to develop best practices for massage interventions in older people.

The effects of slow-stroke back massage on anxiety and shoulder pain in elderly stroke patients

This study explores the effect of slow-stroke back massages on anxiety and shoulder pain in hospitalized elderly patients with stroke. An experimental quantitative design was conducted, comparing the scores for self-reported pain, anxiety, blood pressure, heart rate and pain of two groups of patients before and immediately after, and three days after the intervention. The intervention consisted of ten minutes of slow-stroke back massage (SSBM) for seven consecutive evenings. One hundred and two patients participated in the entire study and were randomly assigned to a massage group or a control group. The results revealed that the massage intervention significantly reduced the patients' levels of pain perception and anxiety. In addition to the subjective measures, all physiological measures (systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate) changed positively, indicating relaxation. The prolonged effect of SSBM was also evident, as reflected by the maintenance of the psycho-physiological parameters three days after the massage. The patients' perceptions of SSBM, determined from a questionnaire, revealed positive support for SSBM for elderly stroke patients. The authors suggest that SSBM is an effective nursing intervention for reducing shoulder pain and anxiety in elderly patients with stroke. From a nursing perspective, this nursing practice provides a challenge and an opportunity for nurses and family caregivers to blend alternative therapies with technology to provide more individualized and holistic patient care.