Effect Of Silver Diamine Fluoride Research Articles

The use of silver diamine fluoride to prevent/treat enamel carious lesions: a narrative review.

This comprehensive literature review examines the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for the prevention and treatment of enamel carious lesions. SDF has been approved by different international drug associations as a caries-preventing agent to be used on deep carious lesions (dentin). However, SDF can cause staining of exposed tooth structures. Furthermore, the effect of SDF on the bond of adhesives to the tooth structure is still being determined. This review explores various studies on the use of SDF to treat enamel carious lesions, highlighting its effectiveness and preventive action. The literature suggests that SDF inhibits bacterial growth, promotes remineralization, and does not negatively affect adhesive retentions. Potassium iodide (KI) or glutathione (GSH) can reduce staining and discoloration. However, the reviewed studies have limitations. Further research, including well-designed clinical trials, is necessary to validate the findings and evaluate the long-term implications of SDF treatment. Conclusion: Despite the above-mentioned limitations, SDF shows potential as a therapy for enamel caries prevention, remineralization, and use as an adjuvant to other dental treatments, warranting further investigation and the refinement of application methods.

In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride Combined with Potassium Iodide against Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation on Human Root Dentin.

Applying a saturated potassium iodide (KI) solution immediately after silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application may affect the inhibitory effects of SDF on biofilm formation. This study compared the efficacy of 38% SDF with and without KI on preventing mixed-species biofilm formation on human root dentin surfaces and assessed ion incorporation into root dentin. The biofilms, composed of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii, were grown on specimen surfaces treated with either SDF or SDF + KI. After 24 h, the biofilms were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, live/dead staining, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assays, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the results between the groups. Ion incorporation was assessed using an electron probe microanalyzer. The relative ATP content in the SDF + KI group was significantly higher than that in the SDF group (p < 0.05). However, biofilm morphology and the logarithmic reduction in CFUs and bacterial DNA were comparable across the groups. The SDF + KI treatment resulted in less silver and fluoride ion incorporation than that yielded by SDF alone. The inhibitory effects of SDF and SDF + KI on mixed-species biofilm formation were almost equivalent, although KI application affected the ion incorporation.

Effects of NaF versus SDF treatment on microhardness of artificial radiation caries at cervical and root areas.

This study aimed to compare the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and fluoride varnish (NaF) on the Vickers microhardness (VHN) of enamel and dentin after radiotherapy and pH-cycling. Human premolars were cut longitudinally, embedded and serially polished. The VHN of enamel/dentin and irradiated enamel/dentin were evaluated. The irradiated specimens were treated with either NaF or SDF, subjected to pH-cycling then VHN test for 4 days. Consequently, they were subjected to energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Radiation adversely affect enamel VHN (p<0.05), whereas dentin VHN was not affected (p>0.05). After pH-cycling, a significant decrease in dentin VHN was observed on day 2 for all groups, whereas enamel VHN was significantly decreased in the control group on day 4. SDF-treated enamel demonstrated higher VHN than that of NaF on day 3. Caries prevention effect of SDF and NaF were observed on enamel, where SDF was proved to be superior to NaF.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride combined with photodynamic therapy on primary enamel microhardness

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) on primary enamel microhardness. Materials and MethodsThis in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 40 extracted primary molars with sound buccal/lingual surfaces. The baseline enamel microhardness of the teeth was initially measured by a Vickers hardness tester. Next, the teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (n=10) for treatment with SDF, PDT, SDF plus PDT, and control (no intervention). After the intervention, the teeth underwent a 14-day pH-cycling, and enamel microhardness was measured again. The change in microhardness was calculated for each group, and comparisons were made by two-way ANOVA and t-test (alpha=0.05). ResultsThe mean secondary microhardness of the three intervention groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Despite slightly higher microhardness in SDF + PDT group, followed by the SDF group, the difference in secondary microhardness was not significant among the three intervention groups (P>0.05). ConclusionTreatment of primary enamel with SDF or PDT can increase its microhardness and enhance remineralization. However, combined use of SDF and PDT had no additional advantage over the use of SDF alone.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride versus sodium fluoride varnish in treatment of carious primary teeth: a randomized clinical trial.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride versus sodium fluoride varnish in treatment of carious primary teeth: a randomized clinical trial.

Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting early childhood caries: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

Evaluate the effectiveness of biannual 38% SDF in arresting early childhood caries (ECC) compared to atraumatic restorative treatment (ART). One hundred children (aged 2-5 years) with ECC were (2-5 years) divided equally and randomly into two groups. Test group: 38% SDF biannually; Control group: ART. The primary outcome was caries arrestarrest, which was assessed at the 3,6,9, and 12 months interval. Oral health- related quality of life (OHRQoL) was evaluated at base line and after 12 months using the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS). SDF was considerably more effective in arresting ECC after 12 months compared to ART. An overall significant improvement of OHRQoL was reported for both groups with SDF being faintly superior to ART.

Antibacterial effects of silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide and nanosilver fluoride on dual-species biofilm

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate antibacterial effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), SDF/potassium iodide (KI), and nanosilver fluoride (NSF). MethodsAntimicrobial activity of sterile saline, 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), SDF, SDF/KI, NSF, and KI solutions against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei was assessed through disc diffusion tests. A dual-species biofilm of S. mutans-L. casei was formed on 48 enamel samples, divided into six groups (n = 8). Group 1 was treated with sterile saline, Group 2 with 5% NaOCl, Group 3 with 2% CHX, Group 4 with SDF, Group 5 with SDF/KI, and Group 6 with NSF. The samples were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis utilized Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis tests and multiple comparisons were conducted using Dunn test. ResultsSDF, SDF/KI, and NaOCl displayed significantly higher antibacterial activity against dual-species biofilm compared to NSF and CHX (p < 0.050). ConclusionsIn conclusion, SDF and SDF/KI demonstrated greater antibacterial activity than NSF. SDF's antibacterial activity was unaffected by KI. Further research is needed to determine the appropriate content and concentration for achieving effective antibacterial activity with NSF. Clinical significanceThe use of silver-containing materials is increasing in popularity within pediatric dentistry. In this study, an endeavor has been made to assist pediatric dentists in determining which solution might be more advantageous for preventing caries.

Silver Diamine Fluoride in Pediatric Dentistry: Effectiveness in Preventing and Arresting Dental Caries-A Systematic Review.

Tooth decay is considered a global scourge by the World Health Organization (WHO) starting at an early age. In recent years, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has regained interest, particularly in pediatric dentistry, used to prevent the development of carious lesions or arrest their progression. The aim of this study was to assess, through a systematic review of the literature, the effectiveness of SDF, used in pedodontics, in temporary teeth, in preventing or arresting dental caries. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The effect of SDF on both temporary and permanent teeth has been considered. The inclusion criteria identified 16 randomized controlled trials involving patients aged 18 months to 13 years and followed over a period of 12-30 months. SDF is a practical, accessible and effective non-invasive way to prevent and arrest caries in temporary and permanent teeth. Its application requires regular monitoring. The resulting black spot is diminished by immediate application of potassium iodide but this may affect its effectiveness.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish on Bacterial Biofilm (An In Vitro Study)

Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish on Bacterial Biofilm (An In Vitro Study)

Evaluating the Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride, with or without Glutathione and Potassium Iodide, on Fluoride Release, Dentin Microhardness and Surface Properties of Dentin

Evaluating the Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride, with or without Glutathione and Potassium Iodide, on Fluoride Release, Dentin Microhardness and Surface Properties of Dentin

Efficacy of Three Remineralizing Agents on Erosion of Root Dentin by Cola Drink: An In Vitro Study

Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of silver diamine fluoride (38% SDF), sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) on cola-eroded root dentin microhardness and mineral alteration in vitro. Materials and Methods Forty human root dentin slabs were exposed to alternating 10 cycles of cola drink and artificial saliva, repeated 3 times at 6-hour intervals. Specimens were randomly assigned to four groups: control (deionized water), 38% SDF, NaF varnish, and CPP-ACPF. All specimens underwent the second erosion process. Microhardness was measured at baseline (KHN0), pretreatment (KHN1), and posttreatment (KHN2). The mean difference of microhardness (ΔKHN2-1) was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05). The chemical composition and surface morphology were assessed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results All experimental groups exhibited dentinal tubule occlusion. Both 38% SDF and NaF varnish demonstrated a statistically significant increase in microhardness compared to CPP-ACPF. However, CPP-ACPF was comparable to the control group. EDS analysis showed an increase in weight percentage of fluorine in all groups. Furthermore, silver and chlorine were detected in the 38% SDF group. Conclusion All treatments enhanced eroded root dentin microhardness, with 38% SDF and NaF varnish demonstrating superior acid resistance and preventing morphological changes induced by cola re-immersion.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride on the longevity of the bonding properties to caries-affected dentine

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the adhesive properties in dentine after the application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on carious dentine lesions immediately and after 2 years of water storage. Methods96 human molars used were subjected to artificial dentine caries production, and then randomly divided into 12 experimental groups according to 1. application of an SDF solution (carious dentine lesion without SDF treatment [control], with 12 % silver diamine fluoride [SDF 12 %] or 38 % silver diamine fluoride [SDF 38 %]); 2. Universal adhesives (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick [CUQ] and Single Bond Universal [SBU]); 3. adhesive strategy (etch-and-rinse [ER] and self-etch [SE]). After restoration, the specimens were sectioned and submitted to the microtensile bond strength test (μTBS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis (SEM/EDX). All tests were performed immediately and after 2 years of water storage. Data from the μTBS were analyzed using four-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). ResultsOnly the interaction of factors 'SDF' vs 'time' was significant (p = 0.03). After 2 years of storage, the groups where SDF was applied showed higher μTBS values compared to the control group. No significant decrease in μTBS values was observed for SBU when comparing immediate and 2-year results, but a significant reduction in μTBS values was observed after 2 years for CUQ. ConclusionIndependent of the adhesive strategy, the use of SDF may be a promising alternative to maintain the bonding of universal adhesives to carious dentinal lesions. Clinical significanceThis study may clarify and support clinicians regarding the longevity of resin-based restoration in caries-affected dentine treated with silver diamine fluoride.

Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Glass Ionomer Cement on Microhardness of Artificial Caries Lesion in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

To evaluate the remineralizing potential of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on artificially induced enamel caries lesions in primary teeth. The initial baseline surface microhardness (SMH) of 40 primary teeth was tested using Vickers hardness tester, followed by the creation of artificial caries lesions by immersion in the demineralizing solution. Microhardness assessments of demineralized samples were done, and samples were randomly divided into two groups of 20 specimens: in group I, GIC was applied on demineralized enamel, and in group II, SDF was applied on demineralized enamel. Samples were subjected to pH cycling. For group I, GIC from the enamel samples was carefully removed using a surgical blade, and changes in the SMH from both groups were analyzed using Vickers microhardness test. Surface microhardness (SMH) value after pH cycling of GIC (45 ± 10.23) and SDF (47.76 ± 6.69) is statistically highly significant (<0.001) compared to the baseline SMH of both test groups. Comparison of SMH between the two groups showed statistically nonsignificant results. The remineralization potential of SDF is comparable to GIC. So, SDF can be used as a remineralizing agent for incipient enamel caries. Owing to the remineralizing ability of GIC underneath the restorations, it can be used as a therapeutic sealant for incipient enamel caries lesions, where SDF staining is not always acceptable. A 38% SDF also can be used as a remineralizing agent for incipient enamel caries lesions in situations like noncompliant patients, inaccessibility to dental care, or conditions in which esthetics is not of concern. Sunny S, Sargod SS, Bhat SS, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Glass Ionomer Cement on Microhardness of Artificial Caries Lesion in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(6):858-863.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride and nano silver fluoride on oral health-related quality of life of children with early childhood caries: A randomized clinical trial

ObjectivesUntreated caries in primary teeth is one of the most prevalent health problems in children worldwide. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) non-invasively arrests caries but causes staining unlike Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF) which causes no stains. This study compared the effect of NSF and 38 % SDF on the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschool children after 6 months. MethodsChildren were included if they were younger than 4 years, with at least one active lesion, ICDAS score ≥3, attending nurseries in a rural area in Alexandria, Egypt. They were randomly assigned to receive NSF once at baseline, or SDF at baseline and after 6 months. The Arabic version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS) was used to assess the OHRQoL. The groups were compared using chi-square test and the effect of the intervention on OHRQoL was assessed using multiple linear regression. Results360 children were included, mean (SD) age = 42.3 (8.2) months. After 6 months, NSF had significantly lower A-ECOHIS scores than SDF in bivariate analysis (p< 0.05) and in regression analysis (B= -5.02, p = 0.001) after adjusting for confounders. There were significant reductions in the A-ECOHIS total and domains’ scores in both study groups, except for the social interaction domain in the SDF group. ConclusionAfter 6-month, both agents significantly improved children's OHRQoL although NSF had a significantly better impact on OHRQoL than SDF. Clinical SignificancePatient-reported outcomes support the inclusion of the two agents among the options for ECC management with better effect on quality of life after NSF. Trial registrationThe trial was registered in the clinicaltrials.gov registry (#NCT05255913).

Assessment of Antibacterial Effectiveness of SDF and Fluoride Varnish Agents for Application in Pediatric Dentistry

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess antibacterial effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and fluoride varnish treatment against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus Materials and Methods: The antibacterial effectiveness of SDF (group A) and fluoride varnish (group B) against S. mutans was investigated in an in vitro microbiological investigation, with distilled water (group C) serving as the positive and negative controls. After 24 hours of incubation, the antibacterial efficiency was assessed using the agar well diffusion technique, and the diameter of the zones of inhibition (ZOI) was quantified. Sumba mare’s milk from MRS broth was extracted and then placed into a test tube. L. acidophilus was grown on Sumba mare’s milk from MRS broth. On this media, each testing agent was poured and tested for the inhibitory zone. The obtained data was statistically analyzed. Results: SDF group had a higher mean zone of inhibition against S. mutans and Lactobacillus followed by fluoride varnish, and there was no ZOI in the case of distilled water. Intergroup comparison was significant Conclusion: When compared to fluoride varnish, the SDF teeth remineralizing agent had greater antibacterial activity against S. mutans.

Topical Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Preventing and Arresting Root Caries in Elderly Patients.

Aim of the study: The purpose of the present investigation was to see how efficient silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution treatment to prevent dental root caries.&#x0D; Materials and method: This research was done at Iraq's geriatric facilities. Forty seniors with active caries lesions were fortuitously assigned into two groups: Group 1 (placebo control)—doubles Twice-Annual treatment with soda water; Group 2—Doubles Twice-Annual treatment with silver diamine fluoride solution.&#x0D; Results: After 18 months, the arrest rates of root caries were 28 percent in group1 (control) and 88 percent group 2 silver diamine fluoride solutions (x2 test, p &lt; 0.05). There was a considerable relation (dependent) between silver diamine fluoride and stopping root surface dental caries Chi=7.08, df=2, P&lt;0.05, which means that silver diamine fluoride was efficient in stopping dental caries while there was no relation (independent) between placebo dye and arresting caries, Chi=1.33 df=2 P&gt;0.05.&#x0D; Conclusions: Silver diamine fluoride solution was helpful in avoiding root caries in elderly people who do not have access to fluoridated water.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride on the microleakage of flowable resin composite and glass ionomer cement restorations to carious primary dentin: an-in vitro study

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) on the microleakage of flowable resin composite (FRC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations bound to carious primary dentin.MethodsForty-four extracted carious primary molars were allocated into four groups as follows (n = 11 teeth/group): Group I, Flowable resin composite (FRCa): SDF38% treatment + FRC, Group II, Flowable resin composite (FRCb): FRC without SDF treatment, Group III, Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GICa): SDF38% treatment + GIC, Group IV, Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GICb): GIC without SDF treatment. Specimens were subjected to thermo cycling at 500 cycles between 5 to 55 °C (dwell time of 60 seconds) in baths before being immersed for 24 h in a 1% toluidine blue solution. Microleakage testing was conducted for each specimen in two areas; occlusal and gingival. Specimens were evaluated under stereomicroscope at 4x magnification. Results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by pairwise comparisons utilizing Dunn’s post hoc test at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsInsignificant differences between different groups (p = 0.49) were observed at the gingival walls area readings. The highest value was found in GICb (2.33 ± 0.52), while the lowest value was found in FRCa (1.71 ± 0.76). Insignificant differences between different groups (p = 0.982) were observed at the occlusal walls area readings. The highest value was found in FRCa (1.43 ± 0.98), while the lowest value was found in GICb (1.17 ± 1.33).ConclusionSDF does not adversely affect the microleakage of FRC and GIC restorations bound to carious primary dentin.

Antibacterial Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride with and without Potassium Iodide against Streptococcus mutans.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in the first molars. Using potassium iodide (KI) after applying SDF has been recommended as a way of reducing the severity of black staining, as well as preserving its antibacterial effect useful in deep caries. The objective of this research was to compare the antibacterial effect of SDF, with and without KI, on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and dental biofilm. The antibacterial effects of SDF, KI, and the combination of both were measured using three different techniques (inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory effect [MIE], and colony-forming unit [CFU], testing). The results were then subjected to statistical analysis. Analyzed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, the inhibition halos yielded a value of P = 0.3309. Using the MIE test, only the SDF treatment produced an antibacterial effect, at 10%, compared to the KI group, with P = 0.001. Finally, the CFU test revealed a total absence of colonies for all three reagents. All three substances analyzed achieved total inhibition of S. mutans. SDF is effective even in its minimal commercial concentration. Its antibacterial capacity decreases with the addition of KI. The three substances analyzed at their maximum concentrations exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. mutans, resulting in total inhibition.

Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Micro-Tensile Bond Str ensile Bond Strength of Composite to Dentin on Primary and Permanent Teeth

Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Micro-Tensile Bond Str ensile Bond Strength of Composite to Dentin on Primary and Permanent Teeth

Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride Against Secondary Caries Development in Composite Resin Restorations Comparatively with Sodium Fluoride and Titanium Tetrafluoride by Micro Computed Tomography

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in preventing secondary caries formation by comparing it with other fluoride-containing remineralization agents such as sodium fluoride and titanium tetrafluoride in vitro. Material and Methods: Cavities of 4x2x2 mm were prepared on the mesial, distal, buccal and lingual surfaces of the extracted 12 intact human third molars. 38% silver diamine fluoride solution was applied to the first group, 2% NaF solution to the 2nd group, 2% TiF4 solution to the 3rd group and deionized water to the 4th group. After the solutions were applied, the cavities were restored with composite resin. Then, all samples were aged by thermal cycle method and sterilized by autoclave. The volume of the lesions formed by keeping the samples in 5% sucrose solution containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 28 days was evaluated by micro computed tomography method. Data analysis of the study was performed using SPSS 21.0 V (IBM, Chicago, USA) statistical package program. Group results were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test (p&gt;0.05). Results: Although the secondary caries lesion volume was found to be lower in the silver diamine fluoride applied group compared to the other groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: These results show that the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride to prevent secondary caries formation in composite resin restorations should be investigated with longer-term studies.