Effect Of Salicylic Acid Pretreatment Research Articles

Effect of Salicylic Acid Pre-Treatment after Long-Term Desiccation in the Moss Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. and Mohr.

The main objective of this research was to examine the effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and to study the seasonal variation of the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzymatic activities in desiccation-tolerant moss species Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. and Mohr. Aqueous 0.001 M SA solution was sprayed on the moss cushions collected from semi-arid sandy grassland, Hungary in three seasons (spring, summer, autumn). These cushions were kept under the observation for 10 Days. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, i.e., maximum photochemical quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm), effective photochemical quantum yield of PS II (ΦPSII), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and antioxidant enzymatic activities, i.e., ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and protein content were determined. The results showed the increase of Fv/Fm in spring and autumn season while ΦPSII was reduced significantly during spring and summer season after treatment with SA compared to control. SA-treated mosses showed higher values of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) during the spring and autumn season than in summer. Activities of enzyme APX and CAT were found to increase in SA-treated except POD activity. In SA-treated moss cushions, lower protein content was found. It can be concluded that seasonal variation has been observed in chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant system after long term of desiccation in S. ruralis species that could be because of SA and might be due to fluctuations in conditions of their habitat, duration of light intensity, temperature and precipitation.

The effects of salicylic acid pretreatment on the antioxidant enzymatic system of chickpea seedlings under salt stress

The effects of salicylic acid pretreatment on the antioxidant enzymatic system of chickpea seedlings under salt stress

Alleviating Effect of Salicylic Acid Pre-treatment on Soil Moisture Stress of Waxy Corn

Soil moisture shortage can reduce yield of waxy corn because maize is one of the sensitive crops to the drought stress. Farmers cannot irrigate due to limited water resource and irrigating facilities although applying water is the most effective practice to solve the drought problem. The study was conducted to investigate the pre-treatment effect of salicylic acid on reducing drought damage of waxy corn (Zea mays L.). Salicylic acid at concentration of 0.2 mM was applied at seven-leaf stage or ten-leaf stage three times. Drought stress was imposed by withholding irrigation from 11 days before anthesis to 10 days after anthesis. Application of salicylic acid significantly increased ear length by 11.0~12.3% and yield by 8.8~11.3% compared with non-treated control, indicating that the drought injuries of waxy corn can be alleviated through pre-treatment of salicylic acid at the vegetative stage.

Effect of Drought Stress and its Interaction with Salicylic Acid on Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Germination and Early Seedling Growth

Environmental stress, particularly drought stress can play an important role in reducing plant growth especially during the germination stage in arid and semi-arid regions in Iran. For cultivation of medicinal plants in arid and semi-arid areas, the assessment of their tolerance is very important. In this research, in order to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid pretreatment on enhancement of seed germination and early seedling growth of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. under drought stress, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was employed. The factors were the combination of five levels of drought stress induced by poly ethylene glycol (0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.3 and -0.4 MPa) and five concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mM) with three replicates. The results indicated that an increase in drought stress reduced germination components such as germination percentage and rate, total biomass, seed vigor index, root length, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight and relative water content and increased electrolyte leakage and proline content. Salicylic acid improved germination; therefore, the average time necessary for germination decreased under drought conditions. The seeds treated by salicylic acid, produced a higher root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, total biomass and seed vigor index. Salicylic acid ameliorated the negative effects of drought stress on fennel germination and seedling's growth. Higher concentrations of salicylic acid were more effective than the lower ones. It seems that salicylic acid can enhance the tolerant ability of the seeds to germination under drought stress.

Positive effects of salicylic acid pretreatment on the composition of flax plastidial membrane lipids under cadmium stress.

Interest in use of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) as cadmium (Cd)-accumulating plant for phytoextraction of contaminated soils opened up a new and promising avenue toward improving tolerance of its varieties and cultivars to Cd stress. The aim of this study is to get insights into the mechanisms of Cd detoxification in cell membranes, by exploring the effects of salicylic acid (SA)-induced priming on fatty acids and lipid composition of flax plantlets, grown for 10 days with 50 and 100 μM Cd. At leaf level, levels of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and neutral lipids (NL) have shifted significantly in flax plantlets exposed to toxic CdCl2 concentrations, as compared to that of the control. At 100 μM Cd, the linoleic acid (C18:2) decreases mainly in digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and all phospholipid species, while linolenic acid (C18:3) declines mostly in MGDG and NL. Conversely, at the highest concentration of the metal, SA significantly enhances the levels of MGDG, PG and phosphatidic acid (PA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly C18:2 and C18:3. Furthermore, SA pretreatment seems to reduce the Cd-induced alterations in both plastidial and extraplastidial lipid classes, but preferentially preserves the plastidial lipids by acquiring higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These results suggest that flax plantlets pretreated with SA exhibits more stability of their membranes under Cd-stress conditions.

Effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on drought stress responses of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica)

The present study was carried out to examine the effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) on growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and some physiological and biochemical characteristics of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) plants subjected to drought. Aqueous 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mM SA solution was sprayed on the leaves of zoysiagrass for 3 days. Drought was induced by withholding watering for 16 days after SA application. Biomass, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), activities of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)), MDA and proline contents were determined. Pretreatments with 0.1 and 0.5 mM SA significantly increased fresh and dry weights and chlorophyll content, while 1 mM SA pretreatment did not show significant change compared to controls. SA pretreatments showed a marked increase in Pn compared with controls from the 7th to 16th day after drought start. Activities of SOD, POD, and CAT were increased by SA pretreatments. MDA and proline contents after 0.1 and 0.5 mM pretreatments were lower than those of controls from the 6th to 12th day of drought, while 1 mM SA pretreatment did not show significant change from the 0th to 9th day of drought. This work suggests that suitable exogenous SA (0.5 mM) helps zoysiagrass to perform better under drought stress by enhancing the net photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme activities while decreasing lipid peroxidation as compared to the controls. SA could be used as a potential growth regulator for improving plant growth under drought stress.

Effects of salicylic acid pretreatment on the seed germination, seedling growth and leaf anatomy of barley under saline conditions

In this work, the effects of salicylic acid pretreatment on the seed germination, seedling growth (coleoptile percentage, radicle length, coleoptile length, radicle number and fresh weight) and leaf anatomy of barley under saline conditions were studied. In parallel with concentration rise, salt stress inhibited the germination and seedling growth of barley seeds. The inhibitive effect of salt on seed germination and seedling growth was alleviated in varying degrees, and dramatically, by salicylic acid pretreatment. On the other hand, it was determined that the mentioned plant growth regulator affected in different degrees on the various parameters of leaf anatomy of barley seedlings, and this difference was statistically important.

Effect of Salicylic Acid Pretreatment on Drought Stress Responses of Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica)

The present study was carried out to examine the effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) on growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and some physiological and biochemical characteristics of zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) plants subjected to drought. Aqueous 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mM SA solution was sprayed on the leaves of zoysiagrass for 3 days. Drought was induced by withholding watering for 16 days after SA application. Biomass, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), activities of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)), MDA and proline contents were determined. Pretreatments with 0.1 and 0.5 mM SA significantly increased fresh and dry weights and chlorophyll content, while 1 mM SA pretreatment did not show significant change compared to controls. SA pretreatments showed a marked increase in Pn compared with controls from the 7th to 16th day after drought start. Activities of SOD, POD, and CAT were increased by SA pretreatments. MDA and proline contents after 0.1 and 0.5 mM pretreatments were lower than those of controls from the 6th to 12th day of drought, while 1 mM SA pretreatment did not show significant change from the 0th to 9th day of drought. This work suggests that suitable exogenous SA (0.5 mM) helps zoysiagrass to perform better under drought stress by enhancing the net photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme activities while decreasing lipid peroxidation as compared to the controls. SA could be used as a potential growth regulator for improving plant growth under drought stress.

Effects of salicylic acid pre-treatment on cadmium and/or UV-B stress in soybean seedlings

The present study examined the effect of salicylic acid (SA) pre-treatment on soybean seedlings exposed to cadmium and/or UV-B stress. Dry mass, pigment content, net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) were decreased by the Cd and/or UV-B stress. SA alleviated the adverse effects of Cd and/or UV-B on growth, pigment content, PN, and gs, but did not mitigate the inhibitory effect of Cd/UV-B on E, or that of Cd on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Cd and/or UV-B induced oxidative stress and increased lipid peroxidation that was significantly decreased by SA pre-treatment. The Cd and/or UV-B increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, decreased peroxidase (POD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity was mostly unaltered. SA might act as one of the potential antioxidants as well as a stabilizer of membrane integrity to improve plant resistance to the Cd and/or UV-B stress.

Influence of salicylic acid pretreatment on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under salt stress

Salicylic acid is enhances salt tolerance in wheat seedlings and resistance to water deficit. The experiment was applied to determine the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on wheat germination and seedling growth under salt stress. Traits such as seed germination, root length, shoot length, seedling fresh weight, germination rate and seed vigor index were evaluated. The data obtained in accordance factorial experiment with three replications in a completely randomized design were analyzed using MSTAT-C statistical software. Analysis of variance of the effects of salicylic acid and salinity was significant for all traits, but the cultivars for the characters germination percentage, germination rate and seed vigor index was highly significant and variety effect for other traits were not statistically significant. Comparison of means for main effects showed that the cultivars are different in traits such as, germination, vigor index and germination rate. With increasing salinity, decrease germination percentage, germination rate, and seedling root length and shoot fresh weight and seed vigor. Consumption of salicylic acid in the without consumption increased the root and shoot length in the normal conditions. But there stresses plants Concentration 0/5 mM salicylic acid in 80 mM NaCl treatment not decreased the shoot length and root length and has been Increased in the seedling fresh weight trait. Chamran cultivar response to higher concentrations of SA was more appropriate in terms of salinity.

Effect of Salicylic Acid Pretreatment on Germination of Wheat under Drought Stress

Seed priming increases enzyme of antioxidants such as glutathione and ascorbate in seed. These enzymes decrease the activities of lipid peroxidation in stage of germination. As a result, increases the percentage of germination. The aim of this survey is to study the effect of the pretreatment of salicylic acid under the condition of drought stress on features of germination.This research is performed in December 2011, in laboratory of seed control branch of Khuzestan. Wheat seeds of Chamran cultivars were transferred to Petridish containing 10 ml solution of polyethylene Glycol (6000) with potential [0 ( control), -5, -10 and -15 bar] after soaking in solution [0 (distilled water, 0.7, 1.2, 2.7 mM] of salicylic acid for 24 hours for germination under the condition of drought stress.The result showed that the greatest impact of salicylic acid on reducing the germination time was at low level of stress. The highest percentage of germination and affecting traits on it was obtained byseed soaking treatment with salicylic acid with minimum amount (0.7 mM). the best result was obtained from low level of stress.The percentage of germination had positive and significant correlation with : average daily germination (0.988**), coefficientof germination rate (0.971**), length of radicle (0.363**), length of plumule (0.604**) length of seedling (0.765 **) and seed vigor (0.870**) and it has negative and significant correlation with: daily germination rate (-0.935**), germination energy (-0.7668**) and Allometric trait (-0.501**). More energy is required for germination in high density of SA and high level of drought stress, in addition, the time needed for germination will be more. Seed vigor and power index off seedling decreased in high density of SA and high level of drought stress.

Effect of Salicylic Acid Pretreatment on Yield, Its Components and Remobilization of Stored Material of Wheat under Drought Stress

Due to higher needs of food in growing populations leads to accelerate the efforts of food production now days. Yield which is obtained from cereal farm is not at the amount of what we expected from their genetic potential. So it is possible to use different agro-techniques to increase total yield and help the crops to reach their genetic potential. In order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid on total yield and yield component of wheat under stress condition an experiment was conducted base on split factorial design with three replications. Treatments were drought stress at three levels (control, drought stress in mid florescence and drought stress in grain filling stage). Second treatment was application of salicylic acid as a priming agent, foliar application at beginning of tillering and foliar application of salicylic acid at beginning of flowering, and the third treatment was different dosage of salicylic acid (0, 0.7, 1.2 and 2.7 mmol). Results of experiment showed that drought stress significantly decreased grain yield, efficiency of material distribution while the highest grain yield was obtained at non-stressed condition with application of 0.7 mmol Salicylic acid. The highest redistribution of stored material, redistribution efficiency and partitioning was at time of salicylic application in vegetative stage, whereas the highest proportion of the metabolism in the grain yield observed in control condition (without stress). Grain yield exhibited high and positive correlation with number of spikes in m2, number of grain in spike, biological yield and harvest index.

Effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on cadmium toxicity in wheat

Cadmium (100, 400 and 1000 μM CdCl2) treatments resulted in the inhibition of root dry biomass, root elongation and increased Cd accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots. Further, these treatments decreased relative water content, chlorophyll content, 14CO2-fixation, activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and abscisic acid content while increased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and free proline contents. Chloroplast and root ultrastructure was also changed. Pretreatment of seeds with SA (500 μM) for 20 h resulted in amelioration of these effects.

Salicylic acid modulates accumulation of Cd in seedlings of Cd-tolerant and Cd-susceptible soybean genotypes

The seedlings of Cd-tolerant (Balkan) and Cd-susceptible (L 608) soybean genotypes were used to investigate the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment (10-5 M) on Cd toxic action. Cadmium-induced leaf desiccation, chlorophyll degradation, and increase of membrane impairment were more pronounced and partially ameliorated by SA treatment in the Cd-susceptible genotype. Root Cd accumulation was similar in the two genotypes, but SA stimulated Cd accumulation in the tolerant genotype, while in the susceptible genotype this accumulation was inhibited by SA. The Cd-tolerant Balkan genotype was apparently characterized by more efficient control of the oxidative stress induced by Cd, so it did not trigger mechanisms preventing further uptake of this heavy metal. It appears that differences between the genotypes with respect to Cd-tolerance occurred due to different degrees of efficiency of nonspecific defense mechanisms involving salicylic acid as a signal molecule.