Effect Of Rural Development Research Articles

The Effect of Rural Development on Poverty Gap, Poverty Severity and Local Economic Growth in Indonesia

The effect of rural development in reducing the poverty gap and economic growth has not been much analyzed in recent studies. This study examines the effects of rural development (as calculated by using the Village Development Index, VDI) on poverty and economic growth. Precisely, poverty is measured by the depth of poverty (as measured by Poverty Gap Index, P1) and poverty severity (as measured by Poverty Severity Index, P2) using the aggregate data at the district level in Indonesia. Understandably, many factors influence the effort to reduce the poverty gap in rural areas, and it can be started by improving rural economic development. The result of this study indicates that regions with the VDI categorized as “self-sufficient” and “developed” villages have the potential to reduce the depth of poverty and poverty severity in its areas and to increase economic growth. In contrast, underdeveloped and very underdeveloped regions in their VDI category experienced a more significant gap in the depth and severity of the poverty. This result implies that the Indonesian government must accelerate and improve the development of rural areas, especially in less developed regions. Thus, a better rural development status will attract more opportunities to grow rural economic activities and improve the community welfare.

Effect of rural development and targeted expenditure towards poverty alleviation in Odisha, India

Objectives: To evaluate the direct tools of poverty alleviation in Odisha, and investigate the response of alleviation programs to poverty. Method: The assessment proceeds with three simple steps of identifying: who, what and how by focusing on four important aspects namely; rural employment, rural development, food security and social security. The causes of poverty are matched with the available tools of active and operational schemes in Odisha state reported by the Dept. of Economics & statistics, Govt. of Odisha and World Bank Survey Reports during the period 2009 to 2011, the corresponding target coverage and progress are located to deduce the end period outcomes of impact on poverty rates. The under coverages shown or identified, were related to respective relevant alleviation programs using horizontal comparative analysis, which shows the changes from the reference period in absolute amount and percentages. Findings: The study reveals that the benefits and outcome of social sector and development programs (rural employment, PDS, development, social pension) have not been realized to their fullest extent. For instance, the coverage of employment schemes is low (penetration is only 3.8% in 2017 and 6.5% in 2018 against 138.53 Lakhs BPL persons) and meager to cause a fall in actual poverty. The coverage under Gopabandhu Gramin Yojana is lower at 40 % in 2019 covering 9229 projects (out of 22,538 targeted projects). Novelty: It demonstrates the use of broader and comparative assessment of key schemes to evaluate the end outcome of poverty rates and matches the periodic poverty limits to per capita gross expenditure incurred by the state. Keywords: anti-poverty; programs; alleviation tools; beneficiaries; Odisha

The role of trust in Short Food Supply Chains

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of trust in Short Food Supply Chains (SFSC) through national and international literary analysis. As local products are usually available at higher prices due to the small volume of production, local producers need to convince consumers in other ways. In addition, it is extremely important to retain the acquired consumer base, as small producers often intervene for survival. First, we write about trust as a general idea, then the concept of SFSC will be briefly defined, to create points of contact between the two topics. Next, we discuss the extent of trust through the presentation of various research findings. In general, the level of trust in Hungary lags behind the European average, which requires active communication on the part of small producers. At the same time, consumers’ trust also means positive feedback for producers, strengthening them. Finally, our study summarizes the areas of trust in SFSCs, and in our conclusions we deal with its effects of rural development.

THE ROLE OF TRUST IN SHORT FOOD SUPPLY CHAINS

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of trust in Short Food Supply Chains (SFSC) through national and international literary analysis. As local products are usually available at higher prices due to the small volume of production, local producers need to convince consumers in other ways. In addition, it is extremely important to retain the acquired consumer base, as small producers often intervene for survival. First, we write about trust as a general idea, then the concept of SFSC will be briefly defined, to create points of contact between the two topics. Next, we discuss the extent of trust through the presentation of various research findings. In general, the level of trust in Hungary lags behind the European average, which requires active communication on the part of small producers. At the same time, consumers’ trust also means positive feedback for producers, strengthening them. Finally, our study summarizes the areas of trust in SFSCs, and in our conclusions we deal with its effects of rural development.

Rural Livelihood Variation and its Effects on Child Growth in Timor-Leste

Economic development introduces opportunities for subsistence households to diversify income sources. Timor-Leste is undergoing this transition; however, little is known about the patterns of household strategies and the effects of rural development on child wellbeing. We derive strategies from 190 households in two rural Timor-Leste communities and examine the links between resource strategies and child growth using linear mixed modeling. Children’s z-height, z-weight, and z-BMI are well below international standards. We find agriculture remains predominantly subsistence-based, with some reliance on cash flow from government pensions and salaries. Households with stable income sources are better able to accumulate wealth, and children living in salaried households have better z-height. However, child growth is best predicted by individual-level factors rather than household ecology. Substantial variation in household strategy and little association of strategy with growth indicates there is no ‘best’ strategy in this transitioning environment.

Rural Marginalisation and the Role of Social Innovation; A Turn Towards Nexogenous Development and Rural Reconnection

AbstractRural development in Europe is a long‐standing issue that has been supported through EU policies in various ways. The effects of rural development have been uneven, and differences between well‐to‐do and marginal rural areas have been increasing both across and within countries. This process is reinforced by the current financial crisis. Recently, social innovation has been introduced as the new panacea for realising development and growth while, at the same time, warranting social inclusion and counteracting social inequality. A central question of this article is whether social innovation may help to effectively fight rural marginalisation, why that could be the case and what conditions then must be met. Three examples of rural social innovation are used to distil specific features of social innovation and compare them with other concepts and approaches to rural development. Rural social innovation is distinctive in its dependence on civic self‐reliance and self‐organisation due to austerity measures and state withdrawal, and its cross‐sectoral and translocal collaborations. This article concludes that it is time to go beyond earlier ideas of exogenous versus (neo‐)endogenous development and introduces the idea of nexogenous development with socio‐political reconnection as an engine of revitalisation.

The Meaning of Differentiation in Rural Development Projects and Its Implications on Resident Assessment

In empirical studies on rural development projects, differentiation tends to be considered a strategy aimed at increasing the number of visitors. Rural development projects include the improvement of living environment, and the discussion about project goals and evaluation of project results are often focused on the aspect of rural tourism. Thus, subjective benefits of such projects for residents are omitted. This study examines the meaning of differentiation from the perspective of residents and explores the validity of the number of visitors and the possibility of reflecting residents` subjective score as evaluation indicators for a project. To achieve such an objective, this study uses survey data collected from 153 people in 38 comprehensive development projects in areas of Eup and Myeon, Korea. The results of this study show that differentiation is viewed as a by-product of positive improvement from a rural development project, from the perspective of residents. The effects of rural development are classified into two dimensions: socioeconomic effects and living environmental effects. Landscape improvement is included in the dimension of living environmental effects and an increase in the number of visitors is included in the dimension of socioeconomic effects. As such, they are confirmed to be the factors that determine the level of differentiation. For example, the increase in the number of visitors is confirmed to be a valid indicator of project success, in which two-dimensional characters are reflected. The level of differentiation evaluated by residents is a result of the workings of the above two factors. Unlike in previous studies, the possibility of evaluation based on the perception of residents is confirmed in the evaluation of results. When the level of differentiation is interpreted as the direct result of a project, the number of visitors has an impact on socioeconomic effects, and the project content of landscape improvement has an impact on living environmental effects. The goal of policy and residents is the same in terms of the effort residents may make in maximizing results of a project by themselves; thus, the government`s goal is achieved even when a project is carried out under the autonomy of residents. Ultimately, the government should focus on providing conditions in which active citizen participation can not only occur but help to establish a policy direction, which subsequently strengthens the substantial rights of residents.

Reencountering Development: Livelihood Transitions and Place Transformations in the Andes

Neither poststructural nor neoliberal interpretations of development capture the full extent and complexity of rural transformations in the Andes. Poststructural critiques tend to view development as a process of cultural destruction and homogenization, while neoliberal interpretations identify a different development ‘failure’ that inheres in ‘inefficient’ patterns of resource use, and the ‘nonviability’ of large parts of the Andean peasantry. In each case, the state is seen as a problem: as an agent of dominating modernization, or as a brake on market-led transformation. The paper reviews these positions in the light of the transformations in governance, livelihoods, and landscape that have occurred in the regions of Colta, Guamote, and Otavalo, all centers of indigenous Quichua populations in the Ecuadorian Andes. These transformations question the accuracy of arguments about cultural destruction or nonviability. Instead they suggest that people have built economically viable livelihood strategies that, while neither agricultural nor necessarily rural, allow people to sustain a link with rural places, and in turn allow the continued reproduction of these places as distinctively Quichua. The cases also point to the increased indigenous control of political, civil, and economic institutions and the important roles that development interventions, including those of the state, have played in fostering this control. In sum, this suggests the need for more nuanced interpretations of development that emphasize human agency and the room to maneuver that can exist within otherwise constraining institutions and structures. It also suggests the value of placing livelihood and the coproduction of place at the center of any interpretation of the processes and effects of rural development.