Effect Of Rice Husk Research Articles

Effect of rice husk on the mechanical characteristics of abaca/jute hybrid composites

AbstractNatural fiber‐reinforced composites play a vital role in all areas due to their significant material properties. In this investigation, abaca/ jute fiber reinforced with rice husk filler hybrid composites have been prepared through a compression moulding process. Three different compositions of laminates were prepared with weight percentages of rice husk filler such as 1 wt. %, 2 wt. %, and 3 wt. %. Further, the mechanical properties of the prepared hybrid composite have been investigated as per the ASTM standards. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy analysis has also been carried out to study the organic groups formed in the prepared hybrid composites. The tensile morphology of the material has also been carried out using scanning electron microscopy, to study the bonding of the fiber and the hybrid matrix. The analysis revealed that the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite were improved by the inclusion of rice husk as a filler. From the tensile morphology, the addition of rice husk increases the surface area of the matrix material, which results in an improvement in the bonding between the matrix and the reinforcement.

Rice husk and its derived biochar assist phytoremediation of heavy metals and PAHs co-contaminated soils but differently affect bacterial community

In order to evaluate the feasibility of rice husk and rice husk biochar on assisting phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) co-contaminated soils, a 150-day pot experiment planted with alfalfa was designed. Rice husk and its derived biochar were applied to remediate a PAHs, Zn, and Cr co-contaminated soil. The effects of rice husk and biochar on the removal and bioavailability of PAHs and HMs, PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase gene abundance and bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soils were investigated. Results suggested that rice husk biochar had better performance on the removal of PAHs and immobilization of HMs than those of rice husk in co-contaminated rhizosphere soil. The abundance of PAH-degraders, which increased with the culture time, was positively correlated with PAHs removal. Rice husk biochar decreased the richness and diversity of bacterial community, enhanced the growth of Steroidobacter, Bacillus, and Sphingomonas in rhizosphere soils. However, Steroidobacter, Dongia and Acidibacter were stimulated in rice husk amended soils. According to the correlation analysis, Steroidobacter and Mycobacterium may play an important role in PAHs removal and HMs absorption. The combination of rice husk biochar and alfalfa would be a promising method to remediate PAHs and HMs co-contaminated soil.

Effect of Rice Husk and Wood Flour on the Structural, Mechanical, and Fire-Retardant Characteristics of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene.

Given the rising consumption of plastic products, it is becoming imperative to prioritize the recycling of plastic items as a solution to reducing plastic waste and environmental pollution. In this context, this research focuses on assessing the impact of incorporating rice husk and wood flour into recycled high-density polyethylene (rec-HDPE) to analyze its mechanical properties, flammability, and thermal stability. The combined rec-HDPE content of wood flour and rice husk varied between 0% and 20%. The rec-HDPE content of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was fixed at 3%. Mechanical characteristics such as flexural, tensile, and impact strengths were assessed. Cone calorimetry (CC) tests, limited oxygen index (LOI) tests, and horizontal and vertical burning tests were performed to determine the flammability or fire retardancy of these composites. On the other hand, to characterize the thermal characteristics of these composites, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used. To further characterize the fluctuation in these characteristics, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies were carried out. The mechanical characteristics were found to be increased in response to adding rice husk or wood flour. An 8% increase in tensile strength and a 20% increase in elastic modulus enhancement were recorded for a 20% rice husk-added composite. SEM revealed the reason for the variation in tensile properties, based on the extent of agglomeration and the extent of uniform distribution of fillers in rec-HDPE. Following these lines, the 20% rice husk-added composite also showed a maximum increase of around 6% in its flexural strength and a maximum increase of 50% in its flexural modulus. A decrease in impact strength was recorded for rice husk and wood flour-reinforced composites, compared with unreinforced rec-HDPE. Hybrid composites displayed a lack of mechanical strength due to changes in their nature. FTIR tests were performed for a much more elaborate analysis to confirm these results. Twenty percent of rice husk-added rec-HDPE displayed the best thermal properties that were tested, based on TGA and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis. This 20% composite also displayed the best fire-retardancy characteristics according to UL 94 tests, cone calorimetry tests, and limited oxygen index tests, due to the barrier created by the silica protective layer. These tests demonstrated that the incorporation of both fillers-rice husk and wood flour-effectively enhanced the thermal, mechanical, and fire-retardant attributes of recycled HDPE.

The Effect of Rice Husk on the Variability of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Composites

Abstract Rice husk (RH) is one of the most commonly grown and consumed cereals in the world. Because of its low nutritional value, it is not commonly used as a food or fertilizer. Instead, it is often burned or landfilled. To develop RH-based composites for thermal and acoustic nonstructural applications, a balance between achieving satisfactory performance in physical and mechanical properties is essential as well as ensuring reliability and predictability in the behavior of the composites. The inclusion of RH in composites can result in increased variability in their performance because of the husk’s elastic behavior during compaction and its hydrophilic properties. The RH used in the study was collected from Baixo Mondego, Portugal, and approximately 90 % of the particles had sizes ranging from 1 to 4 mm. To reduce cement usage, different mixtures were produced and categorized based on the use of two types of cement, varying percentages of limestone filler, and different quantities of RH. Robust descriptive and inferential statistics (Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U test) were employed to analyze the variability of physical and mechanical properties in 10 different RH-based composites. A study was conducted to assess whether a specific mixture formula within a given group exhibited consistent behavior across different batches or yielded intrinsically different results. This helps to identify the key adaptations required in the industrial process of incorporating this biomaterial into composites. The results have shown that it is possible to produce RH-based composites with less variability of performance and potential for nonstructural applications. In this case, cement CEMI/A-L 42.5 R type with limestone filler addition and paste-to-RH ratio by volume between 1.54 and 2.22 was the most sustainable mix design because it had a small variability of results and reduced the cement content.

Non-destructive detection of moisture and fatty acid content in rice using hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics

Moisture content (MC) and fatty acid content (FAC) are critical indicators in terms of rice quality. Rapid and non-destructive detection of MC and FAC is crucial for rice pre-storage inspection and storage monitoring. In this study, hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometrics was used to detect MC and FAC in rice non-destructively. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and sequential projection algorithm (SPA) methods were employed to select significant variables, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) was utilized to establish prediction models of MC and FAC in rice and polished rice. Also, the effect of rice husk on the performance of models was analyzed. Finally, visualization of MC and FAC of rice samples was achieved. The results indicate that the SPA method is superior to the CARS method in selecting significant wavelengths of both MC and FAC. The RP2 and RMSEPs in the best models for the "rice-moisture", "polished rice-moisture", "rice-fatty acid", and "polished rice-fatty acid" datasets are 0.9650, 0.9567, 0.8573, 0.8436, and 0.0031, 0.0033, 1.6956, 2.0270, respectively. The effect of rice husk on the performance of the FAC model is significant. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to use hyperspectral imaging technology to detect both MC and FAC of rice.

Effect of Rice-Husk as Replacement Cement on Mechanical Properties Concrete

The cost of producing concrete has increased, and its effects on the natural environment have become apparent. The ideal solution is to use agro-waste material instead of cement in concrete. This research aims to determine how well RHA works as a cement substitute. At increments of 5%, 10%, and 15%, rice husk was applied in substitute of cement. Compressive and flexural tests were performed on a 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cube and 100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm prisms with varying percentages of RHA substitution. Findings show that the highest control sample has a compressive strength of 49.83 MPa while t The compressive strength began to drop at 5% RHA substitution. The compressive strength decreased as the percentage of RHA used increased from 10% to 15%. The flexural strength data shows that the 10% RHA has a maximum of 4.90 MPa. The lowest value is 3.85 MPa, and it is only seen from 5% of RHA. Thus, it can be inferred that an RHA replacement level of 5% in cement yields a tremendous increase in compressive strength.

Effect of Rice Husk on Arsenic Accumulation In Potato Plant Under Different Levels of Arsenic Treated Soil

A pot experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November, 2020 to May, 2021 to find out the effect of rice husk as an bio-adsorbent to decontaminate As toxicity in potato. The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: Arsenic levels (4) viz., As0: control (0 mg As kg-1 soil), As1: 20 mg As kg-1 soil, As2: 40 mg As kg-1 soil, and As3: 60 mg As kg-1 soil. Factor B: Rice husk levels (4) viz., R0: control (0 g kg-1 soil), R1: 20 g kg-1 soil, R2: 40 g kg-1 soil and R3: 60 g kg-1 soil. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that As and/or rice husk had significant effect on arsenic load in different plant parts of potato t. Arsenic content in potato tuber flesh, peel, haulm and root gradually increased with the increase of its levels. On the contrary, As content in plant parts decreased with increasing rice husk levels. The soil treated with As1R3 exhibited As accumulation in tuber flesh (0.1070 mg kg-1 fresh weight) and peel (0.443 mg kg-1 FW), respectively. As load in different plant parts was in the sequence: root > haulm > tuber peel > tuber flesh. Although, the least As loading in tuber flesh was observed in As1R1, As1R2, As1R3 (range 0.1258-0.1070 mg kg-1 FW) which also showed higher productivity (range 402.67 - 416.67 g plant-1), but the treatment combination of As1R1 may be suitable for safe potato cultivation in lower level As contaminated soil. Therefore, potato growers can grow potato up to 20 mg As kg-1 contaminated soil treated with 20 g rice husk kg1 soil, which contains safe As load than the critical one (0.157 mg As kg-1 FW) for human consumption. So, application of rice husk for potato cultivation may a good option to reduce the arsenic hazards in lower arsenic endemic areas.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(1): 67-73

Effects of rice husk on the tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to high temperature and ethanol concentration

In recent years, growing attention has been devoted to improving stress resistance of yeast to temperature and ethanol concentration as it affects fermentation productivity in biofuel ethanol industry. Rice husk was found to increase the resistance of yeast to high temperature and high ethanol concentration, which can be attributed to yeast cell adsorption on rice husk. Compared with no addition of rice husk, the ethanol yield of brown rice fermented at 32 °C and 39 °C with 1.0 % rice husk increased by 9.4 % and 5.1 %. The fermentation kinetics of cell growth and ethanol formation could be described by the improved Logistic model and Luedeking-Piret model, respectively. Based on the effect of rice husk, the higher ethanol concentration (106.7 g/L at 32 °C) and complete substrate utilization could be achieved by using a mixed substrate at dry mass ratio of whole rice to brown rice of 3:1.

The Effect of Rice Husk as Additive in Injection Molding Process

This study investigated the moldability and the mechanical properties of bio-composite with rice husk as natural reinforcement. Natural materials that are abundant in nature can be used as reinforcement for polymer materials. Natural materials as reinforcement in plastic materials were used to obtain alternative materials in an injection molding process. With rice husk, polypropylene, and MAPP, four compositions of bio-composite materials were made and used as raw material injection molding process. The moldability from this material was observed through visualization of the product. The mechanical properties of the materials were observed by the tensile strength and impact test on the injection molding product. The result showed that these materials could be injected to form ASTM D638-03 Type V tensile test and ASTM D256-04 impact test specimens. Visually, the more rice husk on the bio-composite material, the darker the product color. The differences in tensile strength values decreased along with increased rice husk content. All bio-composite materials had roughly the same tensile strength value and were lower than polypropylene, except RH-5%. The impact value of bio-composites was lower than polypropylene impact value and tended to decline along with the increase in the rice husk content. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyzes were done on the fracture side of the impact specimen. Microscale voids decreased and were rarely found by adding rice husk to the material bio-composite. On the other hand, rice husk breakage and pullout phenomenon on bio-composite material were found.

Effect of rice husk and palm tree-based biochar addition on the anaerobic digestion of food waste/sludge

This study explored the impact of different types of biochar on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste and sludge and the biochar-enhanced mesophilic AD of food waste for methane production. A particular focus was placed on the process and underlying mechanisms. Rice husk biochar (RHB550) and palm tree biochar (PTB400) were loaded at levels of 5, 10, and 15 g/L. The results showed that 5 g/L of RHB550 led to an increase in methane yields of 455.83 ± 17.9 mL/gVSadd compared to the control yield of 333.32 ± 14.9 mL/gVSadd. The addition of an adequate amount of biochar improved the cumulative methane yield, whereas excessive amounts inhibited the AD process. RHB550 biochar improved the process stability, which was favourable for syntrophic volatile fatty acid (VFA) oxidation, and consequently increased the cumulative methane yield by up to 36.75 ± 2.9%. Earlier stagnation was also shown to be caused by the elimination of VFAs and ammoniacal-nitrogen and the degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Increasing the concentrations of RHB550 biochar enabled significant improvement in methane yield by increasing the pH and COD removal, which could be a useful strategy in AD to further increase the organic loading rate.

Effect of rice husk and petroleum coke blending on combustion characteristics of high ash Indian coals

Effect of rice husk and petroleum coke blending on combustion characteristics of high ash Indian coals

The Effect of Rice Husk and Saw Dusk Filler on Mechanical Property of Bio Composite from Sago Starch

Some materials derived from plants can be used as a source of biodegradable thermoplastic materials such as rice, potatoes, corn, sweet potatoes, sago, etc. In this research, thermoplastic sago starch (TPS) with a mixture of two types of fillers was synthesized to become environmentally friendly composites that can be naturally degraded in a relatively short time compared to other conventional plastics which decompose in decades, hence can contribute to environmental conservation efforts. Increasing the strength of bio composite through the presence of fillers will expand its application such as for household application. Sago is available in large quantities in Indonesia and needs to be utilized optimally to increase its added value. TPS is synthesized using sorbitol as a plasticizer so that it becomes a starch paste. Composites are moulded by means of compression moulding using TPS and cellulose as a filler and Polypropylene (PP). The fillers used were sawdust and rice husk with several variations to obtain optimal combination, to improve the mechanical performance of the composites. For rice husk fibre, the highest tensile strength value 13.82 MPa, found at 40% fibre with ratio of TPS: PP 1: 0.5, and the highest elongation value was 16.47% at 40% fibre at ratio of TPS : PP 1: 0.5. For Sawdust fibre, the highest tensile strength value 11.08 MPa, obtained at 20% fibre at ratio of TPS : PP 1 : 1, and the highest elongation value was 18.57% at 20% fibre with ratio of TPS : PP 1 : 1. Type of filler has different effect on the tensile strength and elongation of the bio composite,

Effect of rice husk (treated/untreated) and rice husk ash on fracture toughness of epoxy bio-composite

AbstractPresent work studies the effect of particle reinforcement on fracture toughness of bio-composites. The filler used has been taken as rice husk. Epoxy resin has been taken as matrix material. Composites with varying filler loading of 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.% were fabricated. The fracture toughness was seen to be increasing with increase in filler loading. However beyond 20% there was a decrease in fracture toughness with increase in filler loading. The effect of fibre treatment on toughness was also observed. Rice husk fibres pre-treated with NaOH were used. It was observed that fracture toughness further improved due to treatment. The increase in fracture toughness was significant. Fracture toughness increased from 1.072 to 2.7465 MPa√mm for 20% reinforcement and after treatment it increased to 2.876 MPa√mm. It was observed that concentration of treatment media also affects the fracture toughness. Further the effect of hybridization was observed by addition of rice husk ash as a secondary reinforcement. The fracture toughness of the resulting composites was remarkably higher than that of pure epoxy.

Experimental Investigation on Bricks by Using Cow Dung, Rice Husk, Egg Shell Powder as a Partial Replacement for Fly Ash

The usage of solid waste materials in the production of construction materials has received considerable attention across the world. Various types of bricks are used in construction. The most common are conventional bricks. Owing to the exploitation of large amount of natural resources in the manufacturing of conventional bricks, we provide an alternative solution for conventional bricks through this project. The present study investigates the feasibility of using rice husk powder, cow dung and egg shell powder in the manufacturing of fly ash bricks. Fly ash bricks of different compositions with rice husk, cow dung and egg shell powder were prepared in steel moulds. After casting, the brick samples were stored at 35 C and a relative humidity of 50% until the ages required for testing. The brick samples were checked for dimensions and visible defects. The effects of rice husk, cow dung and egg shell powder contents on the engineering properties of the solid bricks were also investigated. The test results showed that all brick samples exhibited good compressive strength. The compression strength ranged between. It is concluded that the manufactured bricks acquired sufficient strength and became more economical.

Effects of rice husk and cassava mill effluent compost on upland rice cultivation in Delta State, Nigeria

Low rice yields in Nigeria are attributed to poor soil fertility. Inorganic fertilizers used to improve soil fertility are expensive and not readily available. This work aimed at evaluating the nutrient potential of rice husk and cassava effluent compost for production of rice in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. Four formulations were made with rice husk (RH) and cow dung in ratio 7:3 by weight using water and cassava effluent [RH with water (RH), RH + cow dung with water (RHCd), RH with cassava effluent (RHC), RH + cow dung with cassava effluent (RHCdC)] and were applied at 2.5, 5 and 10 t/ha with control. Rice seeds were sown for two years in a randomized complete block design. Residual effects were monitored in the third year. Plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), dry matter (DM) and rice grain yield (GY) were measured as well as soil samples were taken for post-cropping analysis. Data were analyzed with ANOVA at α0.05. The results revealed that treatment RHCd at 10 t/ha had highest PH and LA while RHCdC at 10 t/ha produced the highest DM and GY in both years and in residual study. Treatment RHCdC at 10 t/ha had the highest soil pH value, organic carbon and RHCd at 10 t/ha had the highest total nitrogen at harvest in second year. Both treatments increased soil nutrients at harvest than other treatments and improved soil fertility. Keywords: Soil amendment, cow dung, organic fertilizer, rice yield, Abraka.

Optimization of nanostructured/nano sized rice husk ash preparation

The objective of the study is developing a procedure for production and characterization of rice husk ash (RHA). The effects of rice husk (RH) amount, burning/cooling conditions combined with stirring on producing of RHA with amorphous silica, highest SiO2, lowest loss on ignition (LOI), uniform particle shape distribution and nano structured size have been studied. It is concluded that the best amount is 20 g RH in 125 ml evaporating dish Porcelain with burning for 2 h at temperature 700 °C combined with cooling three times during burning to produce RHA with amorphous silica, SiO2 90.78% and LOI 1.73%. On the other hand, cooling and stirring times affect the variation of nano structured size and particle shape distribution. However, no crystalline phases were found in RHA in all cases. Results proved that the Attritor ball mill was more suitable than vibration disk mill for pulverizing nano structured RHA with 50% of particle size (D50) lower than 45 mm and 99 % of particle size (D99) lower than 144 mm to nanosized RHA with D50 lower than 36 nm and D99 lower than 57 nm by grinding time 8.16 min to every 1 g RHA without changes in morphousity of silica.

Corrosion Effect of Rice Husk Ash in Concrete Pore Solution: Response Surface Analysis

Background: Corrosion of reinforcement impedes the structural integrity of concrete infrastructures by reducing the flexural, shear and axial strength of concrete, thereby making it structurally weak. Aim: This research assessed the corrosion effect of rice husk as a concrete constituent for the design of long-lasting concrete infrastructures. Materials and Methods: To achieve the aim of this research, rice husk was air-dried for two days and then burnt at a temperature of 600oC. It was used as a partial replacement for cement at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% replacement of cement. The concrete pore solution was extracted by mechanical means. This was used as the medium to assess the weight loss and calculate the corrosion rate at seventy-two (72) hours interval with a focus on the temperature of the environment. The corrosion inhibition of the steel rebar was determined using the weight loss method. Results: The result was analysed and modelled using a response surface analysis. The optimisation of the corrosion effect was also assessed using the same method. The result of the study revealed that the inhibition efficiency based on the average corrosion rate was -69.54%, which indicates that 5% of rice husk ash does not inhibit corrosion, likewise the other replacements. The corrosion inhibition of 15% replacement with rice husk ash is slightly higher than the control sample. The research revealed that the most favourable replacement in terms of corrosion rate in comparison to the other percentages is 15%. Conclusion: The mathematical model showed that RHA has a positive effect on the corrosion rate of mild steel. This indicates that the higher the RHA, the lower the corrosion rate. The outcome of this research will serve as a guide for concrete users, engineers, corrosion experts and researchers on the use of rice husk ash in concrete production.

Effect of Rice Husk on the Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Mortar

This paper presents an experimental study on effect of rice husk on the mechanical properties of cement-based mortar. Cement-based mortar enhanced with rice husk between 0 and 2% by weight was cured and tested on 7, 14, 21 and 28 days for their properties. The 0.5% rice husk specimens achieved 24% and 6% increase in tensile and compressive strengths, respectively, over the control. SEM analysis revealed a good bond between the rice husk and the matrix. The study concludes that the inclusion of rice husk positively affects the mechanical properties of the cement-based mortar. 0.5% rice husk is recommended to construction practitioners as an enhancement of cement-based mortar for construction application.

The Effect of Rice Husk and its Biochar on Wetting Pattern in a Silty Clay Soil under Surface- Trickle Irrigation

The Effect of Rice Husk and its Biochar on Wetting Pattern in a Silty Clay Soil under Surface- Trickle Irrigation

Effect of addition of rice husk on the fate and speciation of heavy metals in the bottom ash during dyeing sludge incineration

Abstract Bottom ash obtained from the incinerated dyeing sludge is rich in heavy metals, leaching of which is harmful to the environment. In this investigation, an in-situ passivation technology based on co-firing of dyeing sludge and rice husk is proposed to inhibit the mobility of heavy metals from bottom ash. However, the fate of heavy metals under different dosages of rice husk and the passivation mechanism are still unclear. In this study, the effect of rice husk on the characteristics of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn) in bottom ash was investigated, and the passivation mechanism of the in-situ technology has been revealed. After co-combustion using the addition of 30% rice husk, the leaching concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn have been found to meet the threshold as prescribed by the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996), while the leaching of Cr remains at an undesirable level. Interaction within the constituents inhibited the leaching of heavy metals during the co-combustion process, especially under a high dosage of rice husk. The newly formed silicoaluminate mineral during co-combustion is the heavy metal-bearing phase, and the generation of which is significantly related to the passivation of heavy metals.