Effects Of Rest Intervals Research Articles

Effect of Rest Interval Between Sets in the Muscle Function During a Sequence of Strength Training Exercises for the Upper Body.

Matos, F, Ferreira, B, Guedes, J, Saavedra, F, Reis, VM, and Vilaça-Alves, J. Effect of rest interval between sets in the muscle function during a sequence of strength training exercises for the upper body. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1628-1635, 2021-The objective of this study was to observe the ideal recovery time between sets and exercises, for both chest and back, which allowed for maintaining muscle function with the initial load previously established. Sixty young men recreationally trained in strength training (ST) were divided into 2 groups: (a) 30 subjects were included in the GC group (the group that performed ST for the chest) and (b) 30 subjects were included in the GB group (the group that performed ST for the back). Each group was submitted to 3 experimental sessions, performing an ST sequence with 3 sets of 8 repetition maximum: GC performed a chest barbell press (CBP), an inclined CBP, and a chest butterfly; GB performed a lat pull-down, a back row, and a shoulder extension on the high pulley. The experimental sessions differed in rest time between sets performed (60, 90, and 120 seconds). For both groups in each sequence, significantly higher numbers of repetitions were observed with the rest time of 120 seconds relative to the rest time of 90 seconds (p = 0.004), 120 seconds in relation to the rest time of 60 seconds (p = 0.001), and in the rest interval of 90 seconds in relation to the rest time of 60 seconds (p < 0.0001). The results showed that 120 seconds was sufficient to maintain muscle function and perform the total number of repetitions per set. The data seem to show that for the ST methodology applied, it is not appropriate to assume that a certain relative intensity will translate into a similar number of repetitions in different exercises, especially with shorter rest intervals such as 60 and 90 seconds.

Genç Yetişkinlerde Setler Arası Dinlenme Aralığı Sürelerinin ve Farklı Yüklerin Kuvvet Egzersizi Serilerindeki Tekrar Sayısına Etkisi

Amaç: Araştırmada, kuvvet antrenman geçmişi olmayan genç yetişkinlerde düşük ve yüksek yükte yapılan kuvvet egzersizinde setler arası dinlenme aralığı sürelerinin tekrar performansına etkileri incelendi. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya, yaş aralığı 18-24 yıl olan, düzenli fiziksel aktivite programlarına katılmayan 12 erkek ve 12 kadın genç yetişkin katıldı. Katılımcıların bench pres ve squat hareketlerinde bir tekrar maksimum kuvvet performansları belirlendi. Farklı günlerde katılımcılara, toplamda 4 set, 1 tekrar maksimum (1TM) kuvvet değerinin %50'sine denk gelen yüklerle her sette 18 tekrar, %80'ine denk gelen yükte her sette 8 tekrar ve setler arasında 1, 3 ve 5 dk dinlenme aralıklarıyla uygulama yaptırıldı. Yükün, dinlenme aralığı sürelerinin ve cinsiyetin setlerdeki performansa etkisi karışık desenli 4 faktörlü tekrarlayan ölçümlerde varyans analiziyle incelendi. Bulgular: Erkek katılımcıların bench pres ve squat hareketinde 1TM kuvvet performansının genç kadınlardan önemli düzeyde yüksek olduğu saptandı (p>0,05). Bench pres ve squat hareketlerinde hem yüksek hem de düşük yükte tek başına cinsiyet faktörünün veya dinlenme aralığı ile cinsiyet faktörlerinin etkileşiminin toplam tekrar sayısı üzerine etkisinin olmadığı tespit edildi (p>0,05). Set uygulamalarında yüksek yükte yapılan egzersizlerde tekrar sayısı düşük yükte yapılan egzersizlerden daha azdı (p<0,05). Setler arasında daha uzun dinlenme aralıkları daha fazla tekrar sayısına neden oldu (p<0,05). Hem bench pres hem de squat hareketinde düşük ve yüksek yükte dinlenme aralıklarına göre setlerde tekrar sayısında meydana gelen değişimler kadın ve erkeklerde benzerdi (p>0,05). Sonuç: Hem düşük hem de yüksek yükte her 2 hareket için setler arasındaki kısa dinlenme sürelerinin tekrar sayısında daha fazla azalmaya neden olduğu, uzun dinlenme aralığının tekrar sayısını artırdığı, bu etkide cinsiyetin önemsiz olduğu söylenebilir.

Effect of rest interval on total work, systolic blood pressure and numerical rating scale during 65% 1RM bench press exercise

Effect of rest interval on total work, systolic blood pressure and numerical rating scale during 65% 1RM bench press exercise

Effect of Rest Intervals during the Star Excursion Balance Test on Postural Control in Individual with Chronic Ankle Instability

Effect of Rest Intervals during the Star Excursion Balance Test on Postural Control in Individual with Chronic Ankle Instability

Effect of Rest Interval Between Pitches on Throwing Performance and Muscle Damage Markers in Pitchers

Effect of Rest Interval Between Pitches on Throwing Performance and Muscle Damage Markers in Pitchers

Effect of Rest Interval on Muscle Performance in Breast Cancer Survivors

Effect of Rest Interval on Muscle Performance in Breast Cancer Survivors

Effects of rest intervals on lower extremity kinematics and coupling during the Star Excursion balance test

Background Kinematic differences exist in ankle joint motion between individuals with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI) and have been recognized during walking, running and jumping[1]. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a common test used to evaluate dynamic postural control by measuring reach distance[2]. However, little is known regarding lower extremity joint motion and coupling during this task and regarding the between trial rest interval and its potential relationship to fatigue and kinematics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate lower extremity kinematics and coupling relationships during the SEBT at different rest intervals.

Effects of Rest Interval Following Eccentric Muscle Contraction Exercise on Circulating Substance, Parameters Related to Damage and Regeneration in Skeletal Muscle

Effects of Rest Interval Following Eccentric Muscle Contraction Exercise on Circulating Substance, Parameters Related to Damage and Regeneration in Skeletal Muscle

Contrast Loading: Power Output and Rest Interval Effects on Neuromuscular Performance

This study examined the effect of rest interval after the execution of a jump-squat set with varied external mechanical-power outputs on repeated-jump (RJ) height, mechanical power, and electromyographic (EMG) activity. Twelve male volleyball players executed 6 RJs before and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 min after the execution of 6 repetitions of jump squats with a load: maximized mechanical-power output (Pmax), 70% of Pmax, 130% of Pmax, and control, without extra load. RJ height did not change (P = .44) after the jump squats, mechanical power was higher (P = .02) 5 min after the 130%Pmax protocol, and EMG activity was higher (P = .001) after all exercise protocols compared with control. Irrespective of the time point, however, when the highest RJ set for each individual was analyzed, height, mechanical power, and EMG activity were higher (P = .001-.04) after all loading protocols compared with control, with no differences observed (P = .53-.72) among loads. Rest duration for a contrast-training session should be individually determined regardless of the load and mechanical-power output used to activate the neuromuscular system. The load that maximizes external mechanical-power output compared with a heavier or a lighter load, using the jump-squat exercise, is not more effective for increasing jumping performance afterward.

Effect of rest interval on cardiovascular responses after resistance exercise

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the acute effect of rest interval length on cardiovascular response after resistance exercise. METHODS: Twenty young eutrophic men (23.9 ± 0.7 years;23.8 ± 0.5 kg/m²) performed two experimental sessions in a random order: resistance exercise with a 30-second (I30) and with a 90-second (I90) rest interval between sets. Both sessions included five exercises with 50% of the one-repetition maximum. Before and 24 hours after the experimental sessions, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and rate-pressure product (RPP) were obtained. RESULTS: The SBP, DBP and RPP responses were similar between the I30 and I90 sessions (p&gt;0.05), while the HR after I30 was significantly higher than after I90 (p&lt;0.01) for the first hour after exercise. The cardiovascular responses during the first 24 hours were similar between both sessions (p&gt;0.05). CONCLUSION: Different recovery intervals did not promote post-exercise hypotension, however, a short rest interval increases heart rate for 1 hour after exercise. In addition, within 24 hours of the responses were similar between groups.

Effect of Rest Interval on Neuromuscular and Metabolic Responses Between Children and Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different rest intervals and contraction velocities on muscle recovery following resistance exercise. 18 children (11.1 ± 0.52 yrs) and 19 adolescents (15.8 ± 0.49 yrs) performed three sets of 10 isokinetic repetitions at 60°/s and 180°/s. The work-to-rest ratio (W/R) was 1:2 and 1:4 for 60°/s, and 1:6 and 1:12 for 180°/s. ANOVA revealed that children demonstrated no significant decline in PT from the first to third set with any rest interval, but there was a significant (p < .05) decline for adolescents when a W/R of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6 were used. Adolescents demonstrated significantly greater blood lactate (BLa) concentrations than children after three sets of resistance exercise. The present study indicates that adolescents may require longer rest intervals to recover full PT when compared with children.

Effect of Rest Interval on Isokinetic Muscle Recovery in Children and Adolescents

Adequate between-set rest intervals (RI) are necessary in order to offset the detrimental effects of fatigue during resistance training (RT). The acute effects of different between-set RI on muscle fatigue using isokinetic muscle actions have been studied in young and older men and women. However, children appear to recover from physical exertion faster than adults and adolescents. PURPOSE: To compare the effect of two different between set RI of isokinetic knee extension exercise on Peak Torque (PT), Total Work (TW), and Blood Lactate (BLa) between children and adolescents. METHODS: 18 children (11.1 ± 0.52 yrs) and 18 adolescents (15.8 ± 0.49 yrs) performed 3 sets of 10 unilateral isokinetic knee extension repetitions at 60°/s. The between set RI were 1 and 2 minutes and were counterbalanced across 2 testing days, separated by a minimum of 72 hours. Pubertal stage was determined according to Tanner and Whitehouse (1976). RESULTS: Bla was significantly higher than baseline after 1 min (1.04 ± 0.23 to 2.55 ± 0.47 mM) and 2 min (1.05 ± 0.20 to 2.58 ± 0.47 mM) RI for the children group, and after 1 min (1.17± 0.18 to 6.59 ± 1.07 mM) and 2 min (1.18 ± 0.17 to 6.03 ± 0.84 mM) RI for the adolescents group. However, after exercise, Bla was significantly higher in the adolescents as compared to the children in both RI. Results from PT and TW were as follows:TABLECONCLUSION: These results suggest that adolescents exhibit the capacity to produce greater muscular force, and as a consequence may develop a higher level of fatigue than children. Also, lower BLa suggests that children's true advantage may decrease in the shorter delay between the onset of exercise or its completion and the peaking of metabolites in the blood, allowing the recovery process to initiate earlier.

Effect of Rest Interval on Strength Recovery in Young and Old Women

This study compares the effects of rest intervals on isokinetic muscle torque recovery between sets of a knee extensor and flexor exercise protocol in physically active younger and older women. Twenty young (22.4 +/- 1.7 years) and 16 older (70.7 +/- 4.3 years) women performed three sets of eight maximum repetitions of knee extension/flexion at 60 degrees x s(-1). The rest interval between sets was 15, 30, and 60 seconds and was randomly assigned across three testing days. No significant interaction of rest by set by age group was observed. There was a significant decline in mean knee extensor torque when 15- and 30-second rest intervals were used between sets, but not when a 60-second rest interval was applied for both the young and the old women. No significant decline for mean knee flexor torque was observed in the older women when a 30-second rest interval was used, whereas a longer 60-second rest interval was required in younger women. Active younger and older women require similar rest intervals between sets of a knee extensor exercise (60 seconds) for complete recovery. However, older women recovered faster (30 seconds) than younger women (60 seconds) between sets of a knee flexor exercise. The exercise-to-rest ratio for knee extensors was similar for young and old women (1:2). Old women required only a 1:1 exercise-to-rest ratio for knee flexor recovery, whereas younger women required a longer 1:2 exercise-to-rest ratio. The results of the present study are specific to isokinetic testing and training and are more applicable in rehabilitation and research settings. Practitioners should consider age and gender when prescribing rest intervals between sets.

The Effects of Rest Interval on Peak Torque in Females During Isokinetic Knee Extension

This study evaluated the effect of rest period on peak torque production during knee extension at five different velocities. PURPOSE: The purpose was to investigate the optimal rest period for females during isokinetic testing in attempts to standardize these values for future testing or rehabilitation protocols. Secondly, the difference in peak torque between female athletes and non-athletes was investigated. METHOD: Female athlete (N=12) and non-athlete (N=11) subjects with no history of knee injury were recruited from the University of Puget Sound to attend three familiarization and four test sessions to perform four maximal knee extensions at 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300°·sec−1. Rest periods were randomly assigned between velocity sets at 15, 60, 180, or 300 seconds. Peak torque was recorded for each trial. Data were analyzed by using a 2 x 4 x 5 design with group, rest, and velocity as the independent variables, and peak torque as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Familiarization sessions one and two yielded a correlation coefficient of =.881, while familiarization sessions two to three yielded a correlation of r =.955, indicating that subjects became more acclimated to the isokinetic testing device as they performed more trials. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data with a level of significance of p < 0.05. There were no significant differences between the rest periods for either group. There was an interaction between athletes and velocity, meaning that athletes had a higher mean peak torque at all velocities than non-athletes. A significant difference was found between the velocities regardless of rest period F=720.035, p<.05) and coincided with the results of Parcell et al (2002). Additionally, there was a significant difference between peak torque production athletes and nonathletes (F=15.585, p<.05), which suggests that athletes understand maximal effort more readily than non-athletes. CONCLUSION: Recovery time in females seems adequate at any of the four tested rest periods. However, it seems reasonable that with only four repetitions a 60 second rest would ensure proper recovery. Supported by research grant from the University of Puget Sound.

Effects of rest interval during high-repetition resistance training on strength, aerobic fitness, and repeated-sprint ability

The effect of altering the rest period on adaptations to high-repetition resistance training is not well known. Eighteen active females were matched according to leg strength and repeated-sprint ability and randomly allocated to one of two groups. One group performed resistance training with 20-s rest intervals between sets, while the other group employed 80-s rest intervals between sets. Both groups performed the same total training volume and load. Each group trained 3 days a week for 5 weeks [15- to 20-repetition maximum (RM), 2 – 5 sets]. Repeated-sprint ability (5×6-s maximal cycle sprints), 3-RM leg press strength, and anthropometry were determined before and after each training programme. There was a greater improvement in repeated-sprint ability after training with 20-s rest intervals (12.5%) than after training with 80-s rest intervals (5.4%) (P = 0.030). In contrast, there were greater improvements in strength after training with 80-s rest intervals (45.9%) than after training with 20-s rest intervals (19.6%) (P = 0.010). There were no changes in anthropometry for either group following training. These results suggest that when training volume and load are matched, despite a smaller increase in strength, 5 weeks of training with short rest periods results in greater improvements in repeated-sprint ability than the same training with long rest periods.

Effect of rest interval on tumor and normal tissue response—A report of phase III study of accelerated split course palliative radiation for advanced pelvic malignancies (RTOG-8502)

From August 1985 through September 1989, 284 patients with advanced pelvic malignancies were entered into a trial (RTOG 8502) of palliative split course radiation (4440 cGy in three courses of 1480 cGy/2 days/4 fractions with a rest of 2–4 weeks between courses). The initial 148 patients were part of a Phase II acceptable response rate and minimal acute or late toxicity (IJRBP 17:659–662, 1989). The present analysis is a report of the subsequent 136 patients randomized between rest intervals of 2 weeks versus 4 weeks to determine if length of rest would influence tumor response or patient toxicity. The patients were stratified for performance status (Karnofsky Performance Status) and histology. The patients were evenly matched for age and sex. There was a trend toward increased acute toxicity incidence in patients with shorter rest interval (5/68 versus 0/68; p = .07). Late toxicity was not significantly different between the two groups. Decreasing the interval between courses did not result in a significant improvement in tumor response (CR+PR = 34% vs. 26%, p = n.s.). More patients in the 2 week groups completed all three courses (72% vs. 63%). Not surprisingly, patients completing cell three courses had a significantly higher overall response rate than for patients completing less than three courses (42% vs. 5%) and higher complete response rate (17% vs. 1%). A multivariate analysis indicated performance status as the significant predictor for number of courses completed. For Karnofsky Performance Status greater than or equal to 80, the survival at 12 months was 40% for the 2 week interval and 25% for the 4 week interval. Performance status and histology were the only significant variables in a multivariate analysis of survival.

Fatigue effects of rest intervals during electrical stimulation of the human quadriceps muscle

Optimal rest intervals required between contractions and treatment sessions to allow recovery from fatigue after electrical stimulation of muscle are not known. In eight volunteers (aged 23-38 years), fatigue of the quadriceps was examined during and after three therapeutic stimulation protocols which were performed one week apart. Protocols consisted of 10 isometric contractions at 30% maximum voluntary force. The contractions lasted 10 seconds each, and were separated by rests of either 10, 50 or 120 seconds. Force responses to stimulation at 20 Hz and 50 Hz (for two seconds each) were used as a test to monitor recovery. All three therapeutic stimulation protocols caused significant fatigue during activity. The shorter the rest interval, the greater the fatigue and hence, less work (i.e. integrated force) completed. Recovery was also influenced by the rest intervals. One hour after activity, force at 20 Hz was approximately 50% of initial values (p &lt; 0.01), increasing to 70-80%at 24-hours, and to 90% at 48-hours. Force at 50 Hz was 68-80% after the first hour, had recovered 24-hours after the 10 second protocol but not the 50 and 120 second protocols, and full recovery had been reached by 48-hours. Persistence of both high and low frequency fatigue after these therapeutic protocols was greater than expected. Studies are required to determine whether stimulation of fatigued muscle produces therapeutic or adverse effects, and to establish the degree of recovery required for these effects.