Effect Of Resin Infiltration Research Articles

Impact of resin infiltration in controlling proximal initial carious lesion: A randomized controlled trial

: Dental caries is a major public health concern commonly affecting all age groups. Early detection and treatment of such lesions will limit the need for invasive treatment in the future. Resin infiltration is proposed as an encouraging non-invasive approach that can be used as an option in addition to non-operative and operative approaches to treatment.: To assesses the efficacy of micro-invasive interventions (resin infiltration or sealing) for controlling caries progression on proximal surfaces.The randomized clinical trial was carried out among 30 proximal caries lesion patients. After randomization participants were equally allocated in three groups; infiltration, sealant and placebo. DMFT & DMFS index and ICDAS were recorded at baseline, 3 months, 6months and 9 months. The ANOVA and chi square tests were used to determine significant differences between groups. In all tests, p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. : There is a significant difference in the mean DMFT and DMFS value of infiltration and resin group as compared to control group p value 0.023 and 0.007 respectively. Also infiltration group had lower score as compared to resin group. Also, Infiltration group had the lowest mean ICDAS score at all time points, indicating the lowest severity of tooth decay, followed by the sealant group and then the Control group. : Our randomized controlled trial provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of resin infiltration, sealant, and placebo groups in preventing the progression of early enamel lesions. Resin infiltration was found to be the most effective method.

Effect of Resin Infiltration and Various Etching Techniques on the Bond Strength of Sound and Demineralized Enamel

Purpose: The objective was to assess the effect of various etching techniques on the shear bond strength(SBS) of resin infiltrated sound/ demineralized enamel. Materials and methods: A total of 180 extracted human upper incisors' enamel surfaces were utilized. Half of these specimens underwent artificial demineralization, which involved exposing to an acidic buffer with a pH of 4.8(14 days). The remaining half of the specimens were kept in their original sound condition. Subsequently, both the sound/ demineralized specimens were divided into 6 groups according to the presence (I)/absence (NI) of resin infiltrant and etching methods (35% phosphoric acid (PA), 9% hydrofluoric acid (HFA), and Er,Cr:YSGG laser(L) (n=15): Following different etching procedures, an etch-and-rinse adhesive system was used, before the application of a nanohybrid composite to the enamel surfaces. Then all specimens were submitted to SBS test (MPa). three-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis(p=0.05). Results: PA showed the highest SBS in the I groups compared with L and HFA groups, both in demineralized and sound enamel (p<0.05). On sound enamel, L showed higher SBS than HFA (p<0.05). On demineralized enamel, L showed similar values with HFA(p>0.05). In the NI groups, L showed similar SBS to HFA on both demineralized and sound enamel(p>0.05). Conclusion:Resin-infiltrated enamel can be etched by 35% phosphoric acid without jeopardize bond strength.

EFFECTIVENESS OF RESIN INFILTRATION IN CARIES INHIBITION AND AESTHETIC APPEARANCE IMPROVEMENT OF WHITE-SPOT LESIONS: AN UMBRELLA REVIEW.

Resin infiltration technique is a minimal interventive approach to manage white-spot lesions. The present umbrella review aimed to comprehensively appraise the previously published systematic reviews on the effectiveness of resin infiltration in arresting caries progression and improving the aesthetic appearance of white-spot lesions. Ten electronic databases were searched between January 1960 and May 2021. Only systematic reviews published in English on the use of resin infiltration in primary or permanent teeth were included. The degree of overlap across each review was calculated using the Corrected Covered Areas method and their evidence quality were assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 assessment tool. Umbrella meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model. Thirteen systematic reviews were chosen, but only eight were eligible for an umbrella meta-analysis. The overall Corrected Covered Areas value was very high (19.8%), whereas only three studies were classified as 'High Quality'. Qualitative synthesis suggested that resin infiltration demonstrated acceptable aesthetic results, whereas quantitative analysis showed favourable outcomes in minimizing the risk of caries progression (RR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.29-0.36). White-spot lesions treated with resin infiltrant in permanent teeth demonstrated a lower risk of caries progression (P < .001) than primary teeth. Overall, low data heterogeneity was observed (I2: 0%-20%). However, quantitative umbrella analysis on the aesthetic outcome was unable to perform due to limited data. Resin infiltration can be regarded as an effective treatment modality in minimizing the risk of caries progression and improving the aesthetic appearance of white-spot lesions. Future well-designed high-quality systematic reviews with long-term follow-up and more control of confounding variables are warranted.

Effect of Resin Infiltration and Microabrasion on the Microhardness of the Artificial White Spot Lesions (An in Vitro Study)

Background: White spot lesion is the first visible sign of dental caries that is characterized by demineralized lesion underneath an intact surface. Several studies demonstrated that they could be treated using noninvasive techniques like the use of fluoride or casein phospho-peptide and amorphous calcium phosphate. Improvement in aesthetic outcomes by covering the demineralized enamel is one of the advantages of the use of resin infiltration and opal-ustre microabrasion, which are two new techniques that had been used for treatment of white spot lesion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of resin infiltration and microabrasion in the microhardness of the artificial white spot lesions at various depths. Material and method: Forty-eight artificially white spot lesions were divided into three groups (n=16) according to the depth of the lesion (shallow enamel, deep enamel, shallow dentine). Then, each of the main groups was divided into two subgroups (n = 8), the first group was treated with resin infiltration, while the second one was treated with Opalustre microabrasion. Assessment of the microhardness was done using Vickers hardness at the baseline, after demineralization (formation of the white spot lesion) and after the treatment with the resin infiltration and the microabrasion. Results: There was a significant difference in the microhardness of all the layers after demineralization. Although the hardness values that found among the icon group in the inner enamel and the outer dentine were higher than that of the opalustre, statistically there was no significant difference between the two mate-rials in all the layers of the white spot lesion. Conclusion: Microhardness values decrease as the depth of the white spot lesion increase. There was an increase in the microhardness values after the treatment with the resin infiltration and the microabrasion.

Effect of Resin Infiltration on Enamel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Subsurface enamel demineralization beneath an intact surface layer or white spots lesions (WSL) can and should be treated with non-invasive procedures to impede the development of a cavitated lesion. We aim to analyze if infiltrative resin improves enamel roughness, microhardness, shear bond strength, and penetration depth. MEDLINE [via Pubmed], Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Web of Science, Scholar, and LILACS were searched until May 2021. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Clinical Appraisal Checklist for Experimental Studies. Pairwise ratio of means (ROM) meta-analyses were carried out to compare the enamel properties after treatment with infiltrative resin on sound enamel and WSLs. From a total of 1604 articles, 48 studies were included. Enamel surface roughness decreased 35% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.49–0.85, I2 = 98.2%) and 54% in WSLs (95%CI: 0.29–0.74, I2 = 98.5%). Microhardness reduced 24% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.73–0.80, I2 = 99.1%) and increased by 68% in WSLs (95%CI: 1.51; 1.86, I2 = 99.8%). Shear bond strength reduced of 25% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.60; 0.95, I2 = 96.9%) and increased by 89% in WSLs (95%CI: 1.28–2.79, I2 = 99.8%). Penetration depth was 65.39% of the WSLs (95%CI: 56.11–74.66, I2 = 100%). Infiltrative resins effectively promote evident changes in enamel properties in sound and WSLs. Future studies with long-term follow-ups are necessary to corroborate these results from experimental studies.

Resin Infiltration May Reduce Proximal Carious Lesion Progression in Permanent Teeth With Ongoing Uncertainty for Primary Teeth

Is resin infiltration effective at arresting the progression of proximal caries lesions? The effect of resin infiltration on proximal caries lesions in primary and permanent teeth. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Chatzimarkou S, Koletsi D, Kavvadia K. J Dent 2018; 77:8-17. None. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The effect of resin infiltration on the color of white spot lesions after ort hodontic treatment over one year period (in vivo study)

The effect of resin infiltration on the color of white spot lesions after ort hodontic treatment over one year period (in vivo study)

Effect of resin infiltration and microabrasion on the microhardness, surface roughness and morphology of incipient carious lesions

Objective: The effects of resin infiltration and microabrasion on incipient carious lesions by surface microhardness, roughness and morphological assessments, and resistance to further acid attack of treated lesions were evaluated.Material and methods: Eighty artificially-induced incipient lesions were randomly divided into five groups (n = 16): resin infiltration with an adhesive resin (Excite F, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), resin infiltration with a resin infiltrant (Icon, DMG, Hamburg, Germany), microabrasion without polishing (Opalustre, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA), microabrasion with polishing (Opalustre, Ultradent, Diamond Excel, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil), and distilled water (control group). All specimens were exposed to demineralization for another 10 d. Microhardness, roughness and morphological assessments were done at baseline, following initial demineralization, treatment and further demineralization. Data were analysed by the Kruskal–Wallis, Friedman’s and Bonferroni tests (p < .05).Results: Enamel lesions treated with resin infiltrant and microabrasion demonstrated similar hardness values, with a nonsignificant difference compared with sound enamel. Resin infiltration demonstrated lower roughness values than those of microabrasion, and the values did not reach the values of sound enamel. Further demineralization for 10 d did not affect the hardness but increased the roughness of infiltrated and microabraded enamel surfaces. Polishing did not influence the roughness of microabraded enamel surfaces. After resin infiltration, porosities on enamel were sealed completely. The surface structure was similar to that of the enamel conditioning pattern for microabraded enamel lesions.Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the icon infiltration and microabrasion technique appeared to be effective for improving microhardness. Icon appeared to provide reduced roughness, although not equal to sound enamel. Further research is needed to elucidate their clinical relevance.

Effect of resin infiltration on the color and microhardness of bleached white(-)spot lesions in bovine enamel (an in vitro study).

This study would appear to give little steer as to which of the many approaches most effectively manage white spot lesions.

Effect of resin infiltration on the color and microhardness of bleached white-spot lesions in bovine enamel (an in vitro study).

The aim of this study was to investigate both the effect of resin infiltration on the color and microhardness of white spot lesions (WSLs) that treated with bleaching and to analyze the penetration of the infiltrant. In each of 135 bovine enamel specimens, WSLs were produced. The samples were then randomly divided into three groups (n = 45): group I, bleached; group II, resin-infiltrated; group III, bleached and resin-infiltrated. The specimens were subjected to a pH-cycling regime for four weeks. The color and microhardness were measured at the baseline, after production of WSLs, after the treatments. The color alteration (ΔE*) and the percentage of surface microhardness recovery (SMHR) were calculated. The penetration of the infiltrant was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Results were analyzed with analysis of variance, Shapiro-Wilk, Tukey's, Kruskal-Wallis and Conover-Dunn tests (P = .05). The SMHR% in resin infiltration groups was significantly higher than that of the bleached group only (P < .05). Bleaching treatment prior to resin infiltration produced no significant change in the microhardness (P > .05). Using a bleaching treatment prior to resin infiltration produced significant color alteration (P < .05). The penetration of the resin infiltrant was deepest in-group II. The resin infiltration enhanced the microhardness of the WSLs regardless of whether or not a bleaching treatment was used. Using a bleaching treatment before resin infiltration resulted in color alteration, and it was also found to negatively influence the penetration of the infiltrant.

Effect of Resin Infiltration on Artificial Caries: An in vitro Evaluation of Resin Penetration and Microhardness.

Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of resin infiltration on artificial caries lesion by assessing the depth of resin penetration and the change in microhardness of lesion postinfiltration.Materials and methods Totally 45 human extracted premolars were used to create an artificial demineralized lesion in enamel using demineralizing solution. A total of 15 samples (group I) were infiltrated with resin. The depth of resin penetration was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Other half (n = 30) of samples was equally divided into three subgroups and Vickers hardness number (VHN) values were obtained to measure the surface microhardness as group 11 a—before demineralization, 11 b—after demineralization, IIc—postresin infiltration.Results Mean depth of penetration in group I was 516.8 urn. There was statistically significant increase in VHN values of demineralized lesion postresin infiltration (independent Student’s t-test, p < 0.001).Conclusion Penetration depth of the resin infiltrant was deep enough to render beneficial effects, while significant increase in microhardness was observed postresin infiltration.Clinical significance Infiltrant used can be considered as a valid treatment option for noncavitated lesions.How to cite this article Prajapati D, Nayak R, Pai D, Upadhya N, Bhaskar VK, Kamath P. Effect of Resin Infiltration on Artificial Caries: An in vitro Evaluation of Resin Penetration and Microhardness. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(3):250-256.

Effect of resin infiltration on microhardness of artificial caries lesions

To compare the changes of enamel surface and cross-sectional microhardness of artificial caries immediately and after the twice demineralization through coating resin infiltration, fluoride varnish and fissure sealant. A total of forty bovine lower incisors enamel samples with artificial caries lesions by the demineralization liquid were used in the experiment. The specimens were then randomly divided into four groups as group A(resin infiltration), B(fluoride varnish), C (fissure sealant), D(control), 10 specimens in each group. The samples were sectioned vertically into two halves through the centre. One half of each sample the surface and cross-sectional microhardness was measured. The other half was put into demineralization liquid for 14 days, then the surface and cross-sectional microhardness was measured again. The cross section morphology of the samples was observed by scanning electron microscope. The surface of enamel had the highest microhardness value, and with the increase of cross- sectional depth, the microhardness value declined gradually. Variance analysis showed that the difference was statistically significant in the cross-section of different depth among the four groups(P<0.05). The microhardness values of the surface and the cross- section at 40 µm of each group in immediate measure showed the values were significantly higher in group A, B and C than in group D. There was no significant difference in the microhardness value of cross-section at 80 µm between group A[(324 ± 17) kg/mm(2)] and group C[(316 ± 20) kg/mm(2)], but they were significantly higher than group D. There was no significant difference between group B[(303 ± 13) kg/mm(2)] and group D[(294 ± 23) kg/mm(2)]. At 120 µm level, the microhardness value of group A was significantly higher than those of the other three groups. After the twice demineralization, the enamel surface microhardness value of the specimens was the same as the first measurement. In the cross-section at 40 µm level, the microhardness value was equal to the value of cross-section at 80 µm level of the first measurement. In the cross- section at 80 µm and 120 µm level, the microhardness value of group A was significantly higher than those of the other three groups. Resin infiltration can effectively strengthen microhardness of enamel surface and cross-section of different depth of artificial caries.

Modification of surface pre-treatment for resin infiltration to mask natural white spot lesions

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to investigate an alternative pre-treatment method for resin infiltration using 37% H3PO4 with a brush applicator and to evaluate the penetration effect of the infiltrant for masking the natural white spot lesions (WSLs) in human teeth. MethodsSeventy extracted human molars and pre-molars with non-cavitated WSLs were collected. Thirty teeth met criteria of ICDAS code 2, and were sectioned, providing a total of sixty paired halves. For the control group, 15% HCl gel was applied for 120s, and 37% H3PO4, gel was gently rubbed with a brush applicator for 30s to the experimental group. Also, to evaluate the penetration effect of the infiltrant by pre-treatment, the specimens were treated with the infiltrant (Icon®). Thicknesses of the removed surfaces and percentages of the infiltrated areas (IA%) were evaluated by CLSM, and micro-morphological changes were observed by SEM. ResultsThe mean thicknesses of removed surface layers were significantly different between the control group (36±7.62μm) and the experimental group (13±2.76μm) (p<0.001). But, the means of IA% were similar in both groups (p>0.05). In the SEM images, the prism cores were preferentially dissolved in the control group, while the prism peripheries were preferentially dissolved in the experimental group. ConclusionsApplying 37% H3PO4 gel with an applicator brush for 30s could increase the permeability and minimize removal of the surface layer of natural WSLs. Moreover, the effect of resin infiltration was similar to the control group which was pretreated 15% HCl gel for 120s in vitro study. Clinical significanceFor resin infiltration, applying 37% H3PO4 gel with a brush applicator can preserve the protective surface layers of the WSLs with reduced application time.

Effect of resin infiltration on the nanomechanical properties of demineralized bovine enamel.

Objective:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of resin infiltration in preventing in vitro lesion progression.Materials and Methods:Buccal surfaces of bovine incisors were divided into mesial and distal regions and, at the center, nail varnish was applied (1.0 mm width) to protect the enamel surface against any further treatment. In order to create artificial enamel lesions in the unprotected areas, each specimen was soaked in a demineralizing solution. After that, specimens had two enamel lesions. One lesion in each sample was etched with 15% HCl for 120 s and infiltrated with a commercial infiltrating resin for 3 min, while the other lesion was not treated (control). Each specimen was cross-sectionally halved and randomly allocated to two groups: Group 1 was immediately processed and Group 2 was submitted to a new demineralization process. The samples were analyzed by means of cross-sectional hardness measurements using a nanoindenter equipment. Hardness data were statistically analyzed by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and MannWhitney tests (α = 0.05).Results:The findings showed statistical difference between treatments at the same analyzed distance range from the outer surface of the enamel (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The untreated lesion showed lower hardness values for distances near the outer surface of the enamel. The resin infiltration was efficient in preventing further in vitro demineralization of bovine enamel lesions.

The effect of resin infiltration and oxidative pre‐treatment on microshear bond strength of resin composite to hypomineralised enamel

Reduced bond strengths of resin composites to hypomineralised enamel increase restorative failure. To investigate if the adhesion of resin composite to hypomineralised enamel can be improved by pre-treatments: resin infiltration, oxidative pre-treatment followed by a resin infiltration, or oxidative pre-treatment. Twenty-one enamel specimens in each of five Groups: 1) Normal enamel; 2) Hypomineralised enamel; 3) Hypomineralised enamel pre-treated with a resin infiltrant, (Icon(®)); 4) Hypomineralised enamel pre-treated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite then treatment with resin infiltrant; 5) Hypomineralised enamel pre-treated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. A resin composite rod was bonded to each specimen using Clearfil™ SE bond as the adhesive (hereafter termed 'routine bonding'), then subjected to microshear bond strength (MSBS) testing. Overall, the mean MSBS between the five groups differed significantly (P = 0.001). Pre-treatment of hypomineralised enamel with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with or without subsequent resin infiltration in Groups 4 and 5 prior to routine bonding resulted in increased mean MSBS compared to Groups 2 and 3, with mean MSBS values not differing significantly when compared to routine bonding to normal enamel. Increased bond strength of resin composite to hypomineralised enamel was obtained by pre-treatment of hypomineralised enamel specimens with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with or without subsequent resin infiltration.

Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Fiber Compressive Properties Using Tensile Recoil Measurement

The tensile properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have been widely studied. However, the knowledge of their compressive properties is still lacking. In this work, the compressive properties of both pure CNT fibers and epoxy infiltrated CNT fibers were studied using the tensile recoil measurement. The compressive strengths were obtained as 416 and 573 MPa for pure CNT fibers and CNT-epoxy composite fibers, respectively. In addition, microscopic analysis of the fiber surface morphologies revealed that the principal recoil compressive failure mode of pure CNT fiber was kinking, while the CNT-epoxy composite fibers exhibited a failure mode in bending with combined tensile and compressive failure morphologies. The effect of resin infiltration on CNT fiber compressive properties, including the compressive strength and the deformation mode, is discussed. This work expands the knowledge base of the overall mechanical properties of CNT fibers, which are essential for their application in multifunctional composites.

Effect of Resin Infiltration on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nano-Sized Silica-Based Thermal Insulation

Several kinds of nano-sized silica-based thermal insulation were prepared by dry processing of mixtures consisting of fumed silica, ceramic fiber, and a SiC opacifier. Infiltration of phenolic resin solution into the insulation, followed by hot-pressing, was attempted to improve the mechanical strength of the insulation. More than 22% resin content was necessary to increase the strength of the insulation by a factor of two or more. The structural integrity of the resin-infiltrated samples could be maintained, even after resin burn-out, presumably due to reinforcement from ceramic fibers. For all temperature ranges and similar sample bulk density values, the thermal conductivities of the samples after resin burn-out were consistently higher than those of the samples obtained from the dry process. Mercury intrusion curves indicated that the median size of the nanopores formed by primary silica aggregates in the samples after resin burn-out is consistently larger than that of the sample without resin infiltration.

Resin infiltration of proximal caries lesions differing in ICDAS codes

Resin infiltration of non-cavitated proximal caries lesions has been shown to inhibit further demineralization. However, the effect of resin infiltration in cavitated lesions is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate infiltration patterns of proximal caries lesions differing in International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) codes. Extracted human molars and premolars showing proximal caries lesions with and without cavitations (ICDAS codes 2-5) were etched with 15% hydrochloric acid gel and resin infiltrated according to the manufacturer's instructions. Three sections from each lesion were prepared and analyzed using a dual-fluorescence staining technique and confocal microscopy. The dimensions of the demineralized and cavitated lesions areas, as well as the resin-infiltrated parts within these lesions, were measured. The demineralized parts were infiltrated from 73% to 100% (median values) but the cavities were filled only negligibly (0-5%). Teeth that had an ICDAS code of 5 showed a significantly lower percentage infiltration/filling of lesions compared to teeth with ICDAS codes of 2 and 3. It was concluded that under in vitro conditions the tested infiltrant penetrates most parts of the demineralized enamel but is not capable of filling up cavities and therefore the efficacy of caries infiltration, particularly in lesions with larger cavitations, might be impaired.

Effect of resin infiltration on fumed silica-based thermal insulations

The thermal conductivities and the strengths of fumed silica-based thermal insulations prepared by the dry process and the resin infiltration method have been studied. Infiltration of the insulation samples prepared by dry processing of mixtures, consisting of fumed silica, ceramic fiber and a SiC opacifier, was performed to strengthen their binding structure. The high temperature thermal conductivities for the insulation samples obtained by the resin infiltration method were similar to those for the samples prepared by the dry process. On the other hand, the bending strengths for the former were superior to those for the latter. However, the resin-infiltrated samples were more brittle than the samples obtained by the dry process due to the occurrence of rigid bonding between the fibers and the infiltrated resin in the porous insulations. The thermosetting resin solution infiltration method appeared to be applicable to producing a dust-free fumed silica-based thermal insulation.