Effect Of Reinforcement Particles Research Articles

Effect of reinforcement particles (Sic / Alumina) addition on Al6061 alloy and optimization of dry sliding wear properties using GRA

Effect of reinforcement particles (Sic / Alumina) addition on Al6061 alloy and optimization of dry sliding wear properties using GRA

Effect of reinforcement particles and multipass of friction stir processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy

The present study focuses on the successful fabrication of aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) using friction stir processing (FSP) and micro-sized SiC as reinforcement particles (RPs). The microstructure of Al6061-T6/SiC AMMCs in the stir zone was examined using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The incorporation of SiC particles and the refinement of grain structure resulted in upgraded mechanical properties of the AMMCs achieved through three FSP passes. These enhancements were concerning from the reduction in grain size and more orderly dispersal of SiC particles. Moreover, the microhardness of the AMMCs enhanced by 41.79%, by augmenting the FSP passes, which can be characterized by the refinement in grain structure, facilitated by the dynamic recrystallization (DRx) mechanism.

Investigation of glass/epoxy laminate composites reinforced with bio-particles under mechanical loading

Abstract In this paper, the effects of particle reinforcement on the tensile, compression and flexural properties, as well as the influence of cross head speed on the quasi-static punch shear properties of glass/epoxy composites are investigated. Laminated composites, which are manufactured by hand lay-up method consist of six layers of stitched glass fibers. As the particle reinforcement materials, pinecone and acorn powders with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt% ratios are used for the manufacturing of composites. The quasi-static punch shear behaviour of composites is elucidated at a room temperature through the force – deformation curves and the energy graphs at different test speeds (i.e., 1, 10 and 20 mm min−1). According to the experimental findings of quasi-static punch shear tests, it is concluded that the maximum contact force of each composite increases along with the punch shear test speed. Compressive strength of the acorn reinforced specimens shows their highest compressive value at the particle amount of 5 wt%, while pinecone-reinforced composites exhibit their highest compressive strength at the particle ratio of 2 wt%.

An overview of the effect of stirrer design on the mechanical properties of Aluminium Alloy Matrix Composites fabricated by stir casting

An overview of the effect of stirrer design on the mechanical properties of Aluminium Alloy Matrix Composites fabricated by stir casting

Effects of particle reinforcement on creep behaviour of AlSi1MgCu

Abstract The creep resistance of an unreinforced and a particle-reinforced AlSi1MgCu alloy (AA6061) produced by liquid metallurgy was studied by means of conventional tensile creep tests at 300 °C. Dislocation-creep mechanism is attributed to both materials in the range of 15 – 50 MPa. The particlereinforced metal (PRM) exhibits a higher creep rate than the matrix alloy because of the particles acting as dislocation sources and the increase of the apparent diffusion coefficient due to a higher defect density. The apparently smaller creep exponent for the matrix is explained by the overaging of Mg2Si precipitates during longterm tests. Void formation leads to strain localisation in the unreinforced alloy, which is dispersed by the particles reducing the damage rate in the PRM. Subsequently, the time to rupture of the PRM surpasses that of the unreinforced matrix at creep stresses smaller than 10 –3 G (20 MPa).

INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLE REINFORCED COMPOSITE PLATES

In this study, the mechanical and tribological properties of unidirectional glass fiber/polyester resin and unidirectional carbon fiber / polyester resin composite materials reinforced with boron particles have been investigated by experimental methods. Composite sheets were produced by hand lay-up method using polyester resin mixed with boroxide particles (H3BO3) with a specific gravity of 1.51 g/cm3 and a molecular weight of 61.83 g/mol, which were utilized as boron particles. As particle reinforcement, 1%, 5% and 10% boron oxide polyester resin mixture was obtained. The effects of particle reinforcement on mechanical and tribological properties were investigated. As a result of the experimental studies, it was determined that, due to the increase in the particle ratio, the wear resistance increased by between the ratios 5% and 50% in some samples compared to the samples not reinforced with boroxide particles and the tensile strength improved up to 32% in some samples.

Effect of reinforcement particles on cold-sprayed Al-based coatings

ABSTRACT In this study, malleable and heavy Ta particles were introduced into soft Al powders to prepare Al-Ta composite coatings through a low-pressure cold-spray process; for comparison, Al-A2O3 composite coatings were also deposited. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies, deposition efficiency, microstructure, hardness and composition of the coatings were investigated. The results demonstrated that the Al-Ta coatings had roughness values that were almost twice as large as those of the Al-Al2O3 coatings for the same volumetric fraction of reinforcement particles used in the feedstock. Ta particles were more effective in improving the deposition efficiency and densification than were Al2O3 particles. The formation mechanism of the Al-Ta coatings was mainly attributed to the malleable and heavy nature of Ta particles, which allowed them to bond with the formed coating and impact the coating strongly through the peening effect.

Effect of Reinforcement Particles on Friction Stir Welded Joints with Scarf Configuration: an Approach to Achieve High Strength Joints

Effect of Reinforcement Particles on Friction Stir Welded Joints with Scarf Configuration: an Approach to Achieve High Strength Joints

Effect of reinforcement particles on the mechanical and wear properties of aluminium alloy composites: Review

Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are preferred over other traditional materials in aerospace, automotive, and marine applications due to their superior enhanced properties. A significant literature has been studied in this regard, and it has been found that processing conditions can be tuned to achieve homogeneous Al-composites structure. The incorporation of ceramic particles has been revealed to be necessary for these composites to achieve the required strength and hardness. Additionally, using agro/industrial waste materials as additional reinforcement, such as fly ash, red mud, and rice husk ash, reduces the density of composites without compromising mechanical and wear characteristics. The addition of soft reinforcements to hard reinforcements reduces the brittleness of composites, according to the literature review. It has been found that incorporating solid lubricants into these composites aids in the development of a protective tribolayer at the interface, minimising wear and plastic deformation. Overall, the study indicates that Al-based hybrid composites offer a lot of potential as a replacement for ceramic reinforced composites and unreinforced Al-alloys in a variety of automotive applications that need low cost, high strength-to-weight ratio, and improved wear resistance. In this study, an attempt is made to combine various aspects of the mechanical and wear behaviour of Al-MMCs, as well as the prediction of the Mechanical and Tribological properties of Aluminum MMCs.

Effect of particle reinforcement on the progressive failure of alumina trihydrate filled Poly(Methyl methacrylate)

Particle reinforced polymers are of interest because of their low density and desirable mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. By adjusting the particle type, size, shape, and spatial distribution, significant changes in those properties can be obtained. Efforts to understand the role that the particle reinforcement plays in the overall mechanical behavior of the material system has historically been performed via ex-situ characterization and testing methods. This investigation aims, for the first time to the best of the authors knowledge, to observe not only the ex-situ parameter-induced effects on material properties but also the microstructure evolution via in-situ scanning electron microscopy coupled with Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques with the objective to link the progressive activation and development of damage mechanisms to the measured mechanical behavior. This investigation reports a correlation between particle size and distribution and the measured progressive failure in two types of alumina trihydrate filled poly (methyl methacrylate) composites which provides useful insights into the design of such class of materials.

Impact of Particle Size Distribution for Variable Mixing Time on Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evaluation of Al-Cu/B4C Composite

Abstract In the present work the combined effects of particle size and distribution on the mechanical properties of the 20vol.% B4C particle reinforced Al–Cu alloy composites by powder metallurgy is investigated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of mixing time (5h, 15h and 25h) and particle size (23µm and 67µm) of B4C particles on the metallurgical and mechanical properties. It has been found that small ratio between matrix/reinforcement particles sizes resulted in more uniform distribution in the matrix. The particles distributed more uniformly in the matrix with increasing in mixing time. The results also showed that homogenous distribution of the B4C particles resulted in higher hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. Fracture surface observations showed that the dominant fracture mechanism of the composites with small B4C particle size (23µm) is ductile fracture of the matrix, accompanied by the “pull-out” of the particles from the matrix, which is attributed to positive effect of reinforcement particles in resistance to the movement of dislocations while the dominant fracture mechanism of the composites with large B4C particle size (67µm) is ductile fracture of the matrix, accompanied by the B4C particle fracture

Effects of particle reinforcement on the bending and compressive behaviors of composite pipes

Abstract In this study, the effects of adding particles to composite pipes were examined. For the study, composite pipes reinforced with particles were produced by using structural epoxy adhesive and mica as the particle. Composite pipes oriented at [-45 °/+45 °] were manufactured by the hand lay-up method. The composite pipes were loaded axially for measuring bending and compressive strength. When bending and compression loads are applied in the experiments it was seen that the particle reinforced methods indicated in the literature have a great effect of on the strength of the bending and compressive behaviour. The results show that addition of particles enhances compressive and bending strength.

Simultaneously improving the tensile strength and ductility of the AlNp/ Al composites by the particle's hierarchical structure with bimodal distribution and nano-network

Generally, metal matrix composites with homogenous microstructure exhibit good performance in mechanical properties, however, the shortcomings of limited strengthening effect by homogenous distributed reinforcements have been shown up in recent studies. In this work, the effect of reinforcement particles’ hierarchical structure with bimodal distribution and nano-network on tensile properties of the AlNp/Al composites has been studied. A novel AlNp/Al composite with hierarchical structure has been fabricated using the in-situ liquid-solid reaction and hot extrusion, in order to further improve the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the AlNp/Al composite was processed by rotary swaging (RS) to obtain a more uniform structure. The results show that the AlNp/Al composites with hierarchical microstructure exhibit a superior ultimate tensile strength of ~410 MPa with uniform elongation of ~9.7%. However, the ultimate tensile strength and ductility of the AlNp/Al composite after swaging treatment decrease to 370 MPa and 6.7%, respectively. It can be concluded that the hierarchical structure has a distinct superiority in simultaneously improving the strength and ductility of the Al based composite over the homogenous structure. Furthermore, the strengthening and toughening mechanisms have been discussed as well.

Effects of particle reinforcement and ECAP on the precipitation kinetics of an Al-Cu alloy

The precipitation kinetics of Al-Cu alloys have recently been revisited in various studies, considering either the effect of severe plastic deformation (e.g., by equal-channel angular pressing – ECAP), or the effect of particle reinforcements. However, it is not clear how these effects interact when ECAP is performed on particle-reinforced alloys. In this study, we analyze how a combination of particle reinforcement and ECAP affects precipitation kinetics. After solution annealing, an AA2017 alloy (initial state: base material without particle reinforcement); AA2017 + 10 vol.-% Al2O3; and AA2017 + 10 vol.-% SiC were deformed in one pass in a 120° ECAP tool at a temperature of 140°C. Systematic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of each condition were carried out. TEM specimens were prepared out of samples from additional DSC measurements, where the samples were immediately quenched in liquid nitrogen after reaching carefully selected temperatures. TEM analysis was performed to characterize the morphology of the different types of precipitates, and to directly relate microstructural information to the endo- and exothermic peaks in our DSC data. Our results show that both ECAP and particle reinforcement are associated with a shift of exothermic precipitation peaks towards lower temperatures. This effect is even more pronounced when ECAP and particle reinforcement are combined. The DSC data agrees well with our TEM observations of nucleation and morphology of different precipitates, indicating that DSC measurements are an appropriate tool for the analysis of how severe plastic deformation and particle reinforcement affect precipitation kinetics in Al-Cu alloys.

Effect of reinforcement particles on the abrasive assisted electrochemical machining of Aluminium-Boron carbide-Graphite composite

Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) are now gaining their used in aerospace and automotive industries. Among many AMMCs, Aluminium metal matrix reinforced with Boron Carbide (B4C) is a novel composite. This composite is widely used in automotive industries (brake pads and brake rotor) due to high wear resistance, high strength to low weight ratio, elevated temperature toughness and high stiffness. Boron carbide shows exotic properties such as neutron absorbing compared to other reinforcements such as Al2O3 and SiC. In order to improve tribological characteristics of Al-B4C, the graphite is added as a solid lubricant. Due to the presence of hard ceramic reinforcement in metal matrix, it is very difficult to machining by conventional methods. Even nontraditional processes such as laser jet machining and electro discharge machining result in significant subsurface damage and heat affected zone to the work. Electrochemical machining (ECM) is an advanced machining process that is used for the machining of aerospace and automotive components, and dies and molds, etc. In order to increase the material removal rate and surface quality of the work, fine size abrasive particles are mixed with electrolyte. This abrasive particles working along with anodic dissolution can increase the material removal rate.

Effect of Reinforcement Particles on the Fluidity and Solidification Behavior of the Stir Cast Aluminum Alloy Metal Matrix Composites

<b> </b>In the present work authors investigate the effect of weight percentage of SiCp on the fluidity and the rate solidification of stir cast MMCs. Experiments were carried out over range of particle weight percentage of 5.0-12.5 wt% in steps of 2.5wt%. Spiral castings and three-stepped castings of aluminum alloy (LM6) and its composites reinforced with different weight fractions SiCp have produced to study the fluidity of MMCs and solidification behavior of its castings by putting K-type thermocouples at the different step/section of the casting. The experimental results indicate that on increasing the weight percentage of reinforcement particles i.e. SiCp in cast aluminum alloy (LM6) MMCs the fluidity of cast composite metal decreases and the rate of solidification decreased due to which the total solidification time enhanced. This experimental result will offer good support for production of thin wall castings.

Effect of Metal Particles on Spreading Properties of Sn0.7Cu Based Composite Solder

The particle-reinforced composite solder is prepared by adding 1 μm Ag, 1 μm Ni and 8 μm Cu into Sn0.7Cu eutectic solder which serve as the base material in current research. The formation of a thin layer of intermetallics around the particle-reinforced will promote the closer integration between base-solder and particle-reinforced, and thus form the particle-reinforced composite solder. The appropriate reinforcement particles were selected and the effects of reinforcement particles on physical properties, mechanical properties and solderability of the composite solder were studied. The spreading property of Ni (3 vol %) particle-reinforced Sn0.7Cu based composite solder was the worst among Sn0.7Cu based composite solders. The spreading property of the Cu particle-reinforced Sn0.7Cu based composite solder was worse than those of Ag particle-reinforced Sn0.7Cu based composite solders. So the conclusion is drawn that Ag particles are considered as the most appropriate reinforced particles for Sn0.7Cu based composite solders.

Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Reinforcement Particles on the Forgeability and the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites

The wide choice of materials, today’s engineers are posed with a big challenge for the right selection of a material and as well as the right selection of a manufacturing process for an application. Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites is a relatively new material among all the engineering materials. It has proved its position in automobile, aerospace, and many other engineering applications due its wear resistance properties and due to its substantial hardness. One of the most important criteria is forgeability by which the workability of the material can be determined. The nature of distribution of reinforcing phase in the matrix greatly influenced the properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites. The forgeability of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites, which are produced by powder metallurgy method, are greatly depends on the size and percentage of reinforcement materials, compacting load, sintering temperature and soaking time etc. In this present work, the forgeability of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites reinforced with silicon carbide (400 meshes) has investigated. A comparison have been made with different types of Aluminum Silicon Carbide Metal Matrix Composite materials contains 0%5%,10%,15%&20% by weight of silicon carbide. The mechanical properties like hardness of the different composites have also investigated. It is observed that the forgeabilty of the composites decreases with increasing the wt% of SiC but the mechanical properties like hardness enhanced on increasing the wt% of SiC.

Nanosilica-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Microstructural Analysis and Crystallization Behavior

Polypropylene (PP) was reinforced with polystyrene-grafted nanosilica particles. A detailed study on the microstructure of untreated and treated nano-SiO2-particle–reinforced polypropylene composites has been made by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The observations were correlated with the properties of the composites. Characterization of the microstructure of the nanocomposites led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of improvement in properties upon modified nanosilica reinforcement. Dispersion characteristics of the nanoparticles and the extent of agglomerate formation became clear from the AFM and TEM examinations. In order to analyze the nanomechanical properties of the composite, microscratching and nanoindentation studies were carried out using AFM. The effect of particle reinforcement on the crystallization behavior of the composites has been studied. Crystallization kinetics has been analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) measurements. The nature of nucleation and crystal growth process has been investigated by optical microscopy. The dynamic mechanical properties, microhardness, and the wear properties of the nanocomposites were examined as a function of filler content.

Effects of particle reinforcement on creep behaviour of AlSi1MgCu

Abstract The creep resistance of an unreinforced and a particle-reinforced AlSi1MgCu alloy (AA6061) produced by liquid metallurgy was studied by means of conventional tensile creep tests at 300 °C. Dislocation-creep mechanism is attributed to both materials in the range of 15 – 50 MPa. The particle-reinforced metal (PRM) exhibits a higher creep rate than the matrix alloy because of the particles acting as dislocation sources and the increase of the apparent diffusion coefficient due to a higher defect density. The apparently smaller creep exponent for the matrix is explained by the overaging of Mg2Si precipitates during long-term tests. Void formation leads to strain localisation in the unreinforced alloy, which is dispersed by the particles reducing the damage rate in the PRM. Subsequently, the time to rupture of the PRM surpasses that of the unreinforced matrix at creep stresses smaller than 10–3 G (20 MPa).