Effect Of Polyethylene Terephthalate Research Articles

Investigation on the effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) fiber and crumb rubber on energy absorption capacity of concrete

Investigation on the effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) fiber and crumb rubber on energy absorption capacity of concrete

The effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic addition to AC-WC in a wet mixture on increase of asphalt stability

PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) plastic is one of the most common types of plastic used in Indonesia. Its existence has contributed significantly to various sectors, including the food and beverage, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and other consumer product packaging industries. However, the use of PET plastic also creates a number of impacts that need to be considered. PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) plastic has become an attractive alternative in the construction industry in Indonesia, particularly in its use as an asphalt mixture in road construction. This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of PET waste to the asphalt on the value of Marshall characteristics as well as the optimum asphalt content and plastic content in the AC - WC mixture. Basic testing of 4 %, 5 %, and 6 % (by weight of asphalt) PET plastic mixture with wet mixing method where PET plastic is put into hot asphalt and stirred until homogeneous. Marshall test data will go through Formality Test, Homogeneity Test, Two-Way ANOVA, Duncan Test, and Correlation Regression Analysis to get the 3D graph equation. The result is that PET plastic affects the asphalt mixture by increasing the stability value and MQ value, for flow, VFB, and VMA values have decreased. VIM value increased at 4 % level and decreased at 6 % level. From the ribbon graph, the optimum asphalt content for each percentage of PET content is obtained, namely 4 % PET KAO value of 6.2 %, 5 % PET KAO 6.25 %, and 6 % KAO 6.28 %. It can be concluded that the mixing of PET with asphalt in AC-WC mixtures can be maximum if the right percentage combination of asphalt and PET content. From the 3D Graphic Method, it results that the maximum use of plastic PET is at a content of 5.40 %, and an asphalt content of 6.35 %, will produce an asphalt stability of 1714.232 kN

Insights into the effect of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics on HER2 signaling pathways

Plastic pollution poses a significant threat to both ecosystems and human health, as fragments of microscale size are daily inhaled and ingested. Such tiny specks are defined as microplastics (MPs), and although their presence as environmental contaminants is ubiquitous in the world, their possible effects at biological and physiological levels are still not clear. To explore the potential impacts of MP exposure, we produced and characterized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) micro-fragments, then administered them to living cells. PET is widely employed in the production of plastic bottles, and thus represents a potential source of environmental MPs. However, its potential effects on public health are hardly investigated, as the current bio-medical research on MPs mainly utilizes different models, such as polystyrene particles. This study employed cell viability assays and Western blot analysis to demonstrate cell-dependent and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of PET MPs, as well as a significant impact on HER-2-driven signaling pathways. Our findings provide insight into the biological effects of MP exposure, particularly for a widely used but poorly investigated material such as PET.

Effect of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) fibers on the shear behavior of RC deep beams

Today, environmental health needs more attention than in the past. Objects consisting of plastic materials such as bottles take many years to decompose. Therefore, in the recent years, a lot of research has been done to reuse them and one of which is use in the concrete mixes. In previous research, very low percentages of these materials (between 0.5% and 1.5%) has been used as fine aggregate substitutes in the concrete and evaluations have more focused on the flexural strength. In this research, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a substitute for sand and Polypropylene fibers (PP) as an additive material are used in the concrete mixes. 14 concrete beams in both reinforced and unreinforced states have been evaluated. The replacement percentage of the PET is 10, 30 and 60% and additive percentage of the PP is 0.5, 1.5 and 3% of the total weight of concrete. The dimensions of the beams have been chosen in such a way to categorized in the deep beams. So, rectangular cross-section has been considered (width = 100mm and height = 400mm). Shear strength and ductility are two important parameters that have been evaluated in this research.

Fate and effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics during anaerobic digestion of alkaline-thermal pretreated sludge

Plastics are resilient, hard to degrade materials that can persist in nature for centuries. Microplastics (MPs) exhibit similar tough character and hold the potential to harm marine and terrestrial ecosystems upon their release into the environment. Most modern wastewater treatment plants remove MPs from wastewater with over 90% efficiency but unfortunately concentrate them in sludge. Recent studies have reported MPs’ impact on the performance of sludge treatment systems, including anaerobic digesters. Despite its resilience, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has inherent weaknesses against alkaline and thermal conditions and becomes more prone to further degradation if exposed to such stress conditions. Sludge pretreatment practices aiming to increase biogas production by disrupting floc structure show great similarity with the stress factors mentioned. Thus, this study aims to integrate pretreatment with anaerobic digestion and investigate the fate and effects of PET MPs during these processes. For this purpose, waste activated sludge samples spiked with different doses of PET (0, 1, 3, 6 mg/g TS) in sizes of 250–500 µm were pretreated by 0.5 M alkali for two days and then thermally hydrolyzed at 127 °C for 120 min. Pretreated and unpretreated sludges were digested in a 60-day biochemical methane potential test. The results showed that the spiking of PET MPs into sludge posed a positive impact on the methane yield of unpretreated reactors at statistically significant levels. Integrating pretreatment increased the methane yield by 22.0% and made the impact of MPs on digester efficiency no longer observable. Also, PET exposed to pretreatment and 60-day digestion experienced remarkable changes in surface morphology, crystallinity and carbonyl index, which can further impact their fate and effects on the environment.

Effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics and acid rain on physiology and growth of Lepidium sativum

This study evaluated the chronic toxicity (30 days) of different sizes of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics (60–3000 μm) provided alone or in combination with acid rain, on garden cress (Lepidium sativum). Both biometrical and physiological traits have been evaluated: i) percentage inhibition of seed germination, plant height, leaf number and fresh biomass production; ii) oxidative stress responses (hydrogen peroxide; ascorbic acid and glutathione production); iii) impairment in photosynthetic machinery in term of pigments production; iv) aminolevulinic acid and proline production. Results highlighted that different sizes of PET, alone or in combination with acid rain, are able to negatively affect both biometrical and physiological plant traits. In particular, the lower size of microplastics is able to negatively affect growth and development, as well as to trigger the oxidative burst. Regarding the pigments production, PET coupled with acid rain, induced a higher production of Chl-b, and an inhibition of aminolevulinic acid.

Assessment on the Effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Low-density Polyethylene Plastic Waste as an Additive in Bituminous Paving Mixes

The continuous growth of the population also brings about an increase in traffic that traverse our roads. Due to this increase in the volume of traffic, pavements are subjected to more distress which can lead to its failure. Studies have been performed in order to address these issues on material properties. At present time, waste disposal has been a challenge for various industries. And of the wastes that are abundant in our surroundings, plastic is proving to be a major problem because it poses a major threat to the environment. As a possible solution to the growing problem of the disposal of plastic wastes as well as the constant pursuit to improve the properties of materials, recycling and incorporating plastic to construction materials has been explored in various studies. This study aims to assess the effects of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as an additive to Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) on the stability, flow and bulk specific gravity of the paving mix. A parametric study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of additive concentration (4%, 7% and 10% by weight of asphalt binder), particle size (2.36 mm, 4.57 mm, and 9.5 mm) and mixing temperature (145° C, 160 ° C, and 175 ° C) on the stability, flow and bulk specific gravity of Plastic Waste Bitumen Binder (PWBB). Results show that adding PET and LDPE as additive increases the stability by 36.82%, improves the flow by 22% and it also increases the bulk specific gravity by 2.36% compared to a traditional bituminous mixture.

The effect of polyethylene terephthalate (road barrier waste) in concrete for rigid pavement

Plastic have become a major problem in solid waste management due to its inability to degrade when they are disposed at landfill site. Approximately 0.80 kg/capita to 1.9 kg/capita of municipal solid waste is generated daily in Malaysia, which is expected to increase annually. Cracking of rigid pavement is the phenomenon where the pavement fails under repetitive loading by a load smaller than the load that can cause failure in single application. Other than that, decrements of the flexural strength due to the lower tensile strength can cause the joint spalling. The larger the load, the smaller will be the number of repetition to cause cracks. In this study paper presents the effect of Polyethene terephthalate (PET) road barrier waste as alternative addition in concrete grade C40 for rigid pavement. The material was obtained from Jabatan Kerja Raya(JKR) Seberang Perai Tengah and it need through cutting process to become fiber with range size about 12mm15mm length and 3mm-5mm width before to be addition into concrete. Four types of concrete mixes with different percentages of PET road barrier fibers which are 0%, 1%, 2% and 3%. Each specimen consist of six cube samples and one beam. The six cubes represent sample at 3 days, 7 days and 28 days. The beam sized 150mm x 150mm x 750mm was only tested on 28 days of curing. The result obtained on the compressive test, 2% of additive PET road barrier in concrete shows the highest result compare to the 0% and 1% additive. Compression test result shows 2% of PET road barrier waste fibers as the optimum percentage of PET road barrier additive with the maximum load of 42.13 MPa.

Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Steel Fibre in Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete

Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Steel Fibre in Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete

Effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate on Functional Properties of Endothelial and Mesenchymal Cells

We studied the influence of vascular prostheses made of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene terephthalate on the proliferation, migration, and NO production by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, human endothelial progenitor cells, and EA.hy926 endothelial cells, colonization of the prosthesis surface by endothelial and mesenchymal cells was also analyzed. Synthetic prostheses have a negative effect on cell proliferation and migration, while surface treatment with proteins (fibronectin or gelatin) promotes colonization of the prostheses with cells.

Preservation of sweet red pepper paste quality: effect of packing material, ozone gas and protective agent use

Abstract Unlike conventional methods, sweet red pepper paste was produced by various techniques in assistance of various starter cultures. Products were stored at 37 °C for 60 days. Salinity, acidity, color change, invert sugar, brown pigment formation parameters were determined during storage period. Microbiological, statistical and sensory evaluation methods were also applied and the effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polypropylene (PP) at different filling temperatures with and without protective agents were investigated. E. coli was not detected at any production stage. Samples treated with protective agents at higher temperature was found to be best with respect to panelists’ flavor and color quality scores in PP support as a result of deterioration has occurred in samples with PET material. The results provide a basis for increasing active components and functional activity in pepper paste production by controlling packing material and ozone gas release considering chemical and sensory properties.

Mineralogical Study of Polymer-Mortar Composites with PET Polymer by Means of Spectroscopic Analyses

The sheer amount of disposable bottles being produced nowadays makes it imperative to identify alternative procedures for recycling them since they are non-biodegradable. Experimental investigation on the effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer, which is a waste material obtained by crushing of used PET bottles, on the mineralogical composition of composites after 28 days of casting are presented in this paper. Various weight fractions of cement 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% were replaced by the same weight of PET plastic; they were then moulded into specimens and cured. The fine powder samples obtained from broken specimens were subjected to X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and the composites were also observed by optical microscope. Thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) were used to study the interaction between polymers and cements. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction and FT-IR were also used to investigate the cement hydration according to the additions. The results showed that an increase in polymer-cement ratio meets with a decrease in the quantity of Ca(OH)2; in terms of bonding, the rough surface of particle favours greater contact between PET and cement matrix and doesn’t seem to have chemical interaction between the mineral species and the organic molecules which could lead to the formation of new compounds. The present study highlights the capabilities of the different methods for the analysis of composites and opened new way for the recycling of PET in polymer-mortars.

Effect of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) on the pyrolysis of brominated flame retardant-containing high-impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br)

Pyrolysis of brominated flame retardant-containing high-impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br) was performed at 430°C in the presence of 0.1 wt% of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in a Pyrex glass reactor. Two different types of brominated flame retardants (decabromodiphenyl ether and decabromodiphenyl ethane) with or without antimony trioxide (as synergist) 5 wt% were used. The presence of PET had a significant effect on the material balance, decreasing the gaseous product and increasing the residue. The type of flame retardant had no effect on the yield of liquid product; however, the presence of Sb resulted in a marked difference in the distribution of decomposition products. Analysis by a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector showed that the hydrocarbons were distributed in the range n-C7 to n-C25 with major peaks at n-C9 and n-C17. The presence of PET increased the formation of brominated compounds by several times and affected both the type and quantity of polybrominated compounds. The liquid products obtained from the pyrolysis of HIPS-Br/PET have to be treated before they can be used

Evaluation of endothelial cell integrins after in \ vitro contact with polyethylene terephthalate.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of polyethylene terephthalate (Woven Dacron) on the expression of endothelial integrins. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on the material for 24 h. The integrins VLA-2 (alpha2beta1-CD49b/CD29), receptor for laminin and collagen, VLA-5 (alpha5beta1-CD49e/CD29), receptor for fibronectin, VLA-6 (alpha6beta1-CD49f/CD29), receptor for laminin, and alphaVbeta3-CD51/CD61 (receptor for vitronectin) were evaluated by flow cytometry. After contact with polyethylene terephthalate, a slight but significant decrease in the percentage of both CD29 and CD49e positive cells was observed, which suggests a lower number of cells expressing the fibronectin receptor alpha5beta1. Moreover, a significant increase in the mean channel for CD49b and for the vitronectin receptor CD51/CD61 was observed. The reduction in the fibronectin receptor could account for the poor endothelialization observed in vivo on polyethylene terephthalate. The increased expression of the vitronectin receptor, favoring the migration of smooth muscle cells, could give some information about the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia, which is a complication of vascular grafts.