Effect Of Polyethylene Glycol Research Articles

The effects of polyethylene glycol on the nucleation and growth of DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles crystals

This study presents findings on the crystal growth of DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (DNA-AuNPs) in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), serving as an additive. Utilizing optical microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and small angle x-ray scattering, we observed enhanced crystal nucleation and growth facilitated by PEG. This effect is attributed to PEG’s promotion of the overall crystallization process of DNA-AuNPs. Furthermore, we examined the influence of PEG on short-range interactions between DNA-AuNPs, where DNA binding occurs, and long-range interactions in colloidal solutions. The results suggest that PEG plays a crucial role in both promoting crystal nucleation and influencing the interactions between DNA-AuNPs at various distances, shedding light on its potential impact on DNA-AuNP crystal formation.

Effect of polyethylene glycol in graphene quantum dots for dye-sensitized solar cell

Effect of polyethylene glycol in graphene quantum dots for dye-sensitized solar cell

Effects of polyethylene glycol and its block copolymer on the property and performance of the thin film composite

Effects of polyethylene glycol and its block copolymer on the property and performance of the thin film composite

A closer look at calcium-induced interactions between phosphatidylserine-(PS) doped liposomes and the structural effects caused by inclusion of gangliosides or polyethylene glycol- (PEG) modified lipids

The effects of polyethylene glycol- (PEG) modified lipids and gangliosides on the Ca2+ induced interaction between liposomes composed of palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylserine (POPS) was investigated at physiological ionic strength. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies complemented with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) show that naked liposomes tend to adhere, rupture, and collapse on each other's surfaces upon addition of Ca2+, eventually resulting in the formation of large multilamellar aggregates and bilayer sheets. Noteworthy, the presence of gangliosides or PEGylated lipids does not prevent the adhesion-rupture process, but leads to the formation of small, long-lived bilayer fragments/disks. PEGylated lipids seem to be more effective than gangliosides at stabilizing these structures. Attractive interactions arising from ion correlation are proposed to be a driving force for the liposome-liposome adhesion and rupture processes. The results suggest that, in contrast with the conclusions drawn from previous solely FRET-based studies, direct liposome-liposome fusion is not the dominating process triggered by Ca2+ in the systems studied.

Hydration Processes in HCl and Aqueous Salt Solutions

In this work, the number of hydration of ions (K+ and Cl-, K+ and Br-, K+ and I-, H+ and Cl-, Li+ and Cl-, Cs+ and Cl-, Na+ and Cl-) in dilute aqueous solutions of some electrolytes of KCl, KBr, KI, HCl, LiCl, CsCl, and NaCl was studied by the proposed refractometric method. Further, the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) on the hydration processes for ions in aqueous solutions of KCl and KBr was studied. It turned out that when the polymer is introduced into the solution, the hydration numbers of ions decrease, which is apparently due to the role of the PEG oxygen atom competing with ions in interaction with water molecules.

Does Sodium Nitroprusside Alleviate Water Deficit Stress in Impatiens walleriana Shoots Grown In Vitro?

Impatiens walleriana is a decorative horticultural plant species. Commercial production requires that the plants be brought to market, often accompanied by reduced water content during transport. Drought significantly affects metabolic processes in plants. The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water deficit on shoots of I. walleriana were investigated using different mechanisms at the biochemical level. In addition, the potential water deficit-ameliorating effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was tested. Shoots of I. walleriana were initially grown on MS media supplemented with SNP (50, 100 and 250 μM). After pre-treatments, shoots were further transferred to media supplemented with PEG8000 (3%) and/or SNP (50, 100 and 250 μM). Water deficit conditions increased proline, photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. In addition, PEG-induced water deficit increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) activities but decreased catalase (CAT) activity. SNP did not significantly affect photosynthetic pigments and total phenolic content but increased proline accumulation, MDA and H2O2 content, especially when applied simultaneously with PEG. Moreover, none of the investigated SNP pretreatments significantly altered the activities of SOD, POX, and CAT in I. walleriana. The results indicate that exogenous application of SNP effectively alleviated water deficit stress in shoots of I. walleriana grown in vitro.

Effect of polyethylene glycol on the crystallization, rheology and foamability of poly(lactic acid) containing in situ generated polyamide 6 nanofibrils

Effect of polyethylene glycol on the crystallization, rheology and foamability of poly(lactic acid) containing in situ generated polyamide 6 nanofibrils

A degradable concrete curing material based on polymer composite

A degradable concrete curing material containing lignin, polyethylene glycol and polylactic acid was prepared in this work. The mean square displacement and energy distribution of the composites were obtained by molecular dynamics simulation. The effect of polyethylene glycol and lignin on the crystallization, degradation, water retention and surface properties of the composite membrane were studied. The crystallinity of the polylactic acid composite with 5 wt% polyethylene glycol and 5 wt% lignin was up to 71.65%, and the water retention performance was also the best compare with other composites. Due to the good hydrophilic properties of polyethylene glycol and lignin, the degradation performance of the composite film was significantly improved. As a green water retaining material, the composite has a good application prospect in the field of building engineering.

PEG effects on excitonic properties of LH2 from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 in different environments

The effects of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) on B800 and B850 excitonic properties of the Light-Harvesting complex 2 (LH2) from Rhodobacter (Rba.) sphaeroides 2.4.1 in micellar solutions of detergents and phospholipid bilayers were investigated by a series of spectroscopies. Compared to the micellar solution, in the lipid bilayer, the lateral force applied on LH2 changed the excitonic structure of B850 and weakened the excitonic interaction between B800 molecules. In micelles, PEG addition causes LH2 aggregation, resulting in the enhancement of B850 excitonic coupling inter-complexes and conformational change of the bound carotenoid (Car). In liposomes, PEG addition causes ∼37 % fluorescence quenching of B850 excitons in the embedded LH2s by changing the surrounding hydration state.

Effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and bentonite clay incorporation in selected local browse-based diets on the performance of Small East African goats.

The study evaluated how binders affected the feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of Small East African goats fed on a variety of native browse-based diets. Twenty-four growing goats with initial body weight approximately 10.5kg ± 1.3 (mean ± SE) were randomly allocated to the Acacia brevispica and Berchemia discolor with various levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and bentonite clay in a factorial completely randomized design. Six treatments (T1-T6) were used with four goats per treatment. The goats were allocated to individual pens with each treatment having 3 replicates. The selected local browse leaf meal was treated with PEG at a level of 25g/kg and bentonite clay at 20g/kg. The experiment lasted for 70days, consisting of a 14-day adaptation period. Average daily feedintake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were computed each week. The composition of the CP, OM, EE, NDF, ADF, TEPH, and CT varied greatly, with significant (P < 0.05)changes seen between the various experimental treatments. Diets treated with binders had higher DM Intake, daily weight gains, and total dry matter intake. Goats on diets treated with bentonite clay (T2) performed much better than the one treated with PEG (T1) although there was no statistically significant difference between the two (P > 0.05). Acacia brevispica-based diets treated with binders performed better than Berchemia discolor-based diets. All nutrients' digestibility coefficients were unaffected by the addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 or bentonite clay. It was concluded that bentonite clay as deactivation material can be adopted due to its low cost compared to PEG and its activity to absorb or bind anti-nutritive factors such as tannins in animal feeds. The addition of PEG and bentonite clay to A. brevispica- and B. discolor-based diet can be used to enhance feed utilization as a result of tannins deactivation.

Rheology of nano ZnO - Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) based suspensions and structural properties of resulting films

Effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ZnO nanoparticles concentration on rheological properties of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) based film forming suspensions (FFS) and, on the structural properties of the resulting films were characterized. Rheological properties of FFS were not significantly affected by PEG concentration and ZnO NPs incorporation. Intrinsic viscosity [η] of aqueous HPMC solution obtained from extrapolation of Huggins and Kraemer plot was 0.115–0.118 (L/g). Coating thickness calculated as a function of coating solution viscosity, concentration and draining time for strawberry coating was 1.26–1.49 μm. Tensile strength (TS) of HPMC film decreased while water vapour permeability (WVP) increased with increasing PEG concentration. Elongation at break (%E) increased up to 25% PEG concentration and decreased afterward. Incorporation of ZnO NPs improved the tensile strength and barrier properties of HPMC film. Relaxation percentage and stress decay rate increased with increasing plasticizer concentration while decreased with incorporation of ZnO NPs. • Rheological behaviour of aqueous HPMC solution (4% w/v) was Newtonian. • Calculated Intrinsic viscosity [η] of aqueous HPMC solution was 0.115–0.118 (L/g). • Relaxation % and stress decay rate showed positive correlation with PEG concentration. • Added ZnO nanoparticles improves the HPMC film properties.

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol and Activated Carbon Macroparticles on Thermal Conductivity of Paraffin Wax for Thermal Storage Applications.

Low thermal conductivity is the major obstacle for the wide range utilization of phase change materials (PCMs), especially organic PCMs, for most practical applications in thermal engineering. This study investigates the potential of enhancing the charging and discharging rates of organic PCM (RT44HC) by introducing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and activated carbon macroparticles (ACMPs). Different concentrations of PEG and ACMPs ranging from 0.3 wt% to 2 wt% were tested separately. The optimized concentrations found were used as dual reinforcements to attain the highest possible thermal conductivity. The specimens were tested for a complete charging–discharging cycle using an improvised thermal apparatus. Use of ACMP alone resulted in a minimal reduction in complete charging–discharging time due to the settlement of ACMPs at the bottom after 2–3 heating–cooling cycles. However, the addition of PEG with ACMPs exhibited a reduction in charging–discharging time due to the formation of a stable dispersion. PEG served as a stabilizing agent for ACMPs. The lowest charging–discharging time of 180 min was exhibited by specimens containing 1 wt% PEG and 0.5 wt% ACMPs which is 25% lower compared to bare PCM.

The effect of polyethylene glycol on printability, physical and mechanical properties and osteogenic potential of 3D-printed poly (l-lactic acid)/polyethylene glycol scaffold for bone tissue engineering

One of the challenges in critical size bone defect repairing is the use of a porous degradable scaffold with appropriate properties to the host tissue. Nowadays, the three-dimensional (3D) printing method can produce custom and personalized scaffolds and overcome the problems of traditional methods by controlling the porosity and dimensions of biomaterial scaffolds. In this study, polylactic acid/polyethylene glycol (PLA/PEG) scaffolds were prepared with different PEG percentages (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) by fused deposition modeling (FDM) to optimize printability and achieve suitable physico-mechanical properties and also enhance cellular behavior for bone tissue engineering and actually, this study complements previous studies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed for chemical, morphological and thermal evaluations, respectively. It was shown that the adding of 20 wt% PEG to PLA 3D printed scaffolds reduced water contact angle (from 78.16 ± 3.27 to 60.00 ± 2.16), and increased surface wettability. The results also showed that the mechanical properties of the printed scaffolds were not significantly reduced by adding 5 and 10 wt% of PEG. The addition of PEG increased the degradability of scaffolds during immersion in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution for 8 weeks and PLA/PEG20 scaffold with 50.96 % had the highest rate of degradation. MTT assay showed that none of the studied scaffolds had cytotoxicity against MG-63 cells and increasing the PEG levels to 20 wt%, increased cell viability and adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. According to the obtained physical, mechanical and biological results, PLA/PEG scaffold printed by the FDM method can be an appropriate candidate for use in bone repair applications.

BiVO4-based coatings for non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical glucose determination

• Non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical glucose sensors based on BiVO4 coatings were developed. • BiVO 4 coatings were deposited on fluoride-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by sol-gel method. • The effect of polyethylene glycol, urea, citric acid and PVA on photoelectrochemical activity was investigated. • Results revealed that morphology of BiVO 4 coatings plays critical role for sensitivity of sensor. • Sensitivity of some BiVO 4 coatings towards glucose was 0.0056 mA cm −2 mM −1 and limit of detection −6.87 μM. BiVO 4 is known as a promising material for the design of analytical systems dedicated for non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical (PEC) glucose determination. In this work BiVO 4 coatings were deposited on fluoride-doped tin oxide substrate by simple sol-gel method. The influence of different stabilizers, such as polyethylene glycol, urea, citric acid and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the morphology and photoelectrochemical activity of the BiVO 4 coatings was investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis optical absorbance and photoluminescence techniques were used to evaluate structural and optical properties of BiVO 4 films. PEC performance was characterized by means of voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. It is shown that the combination of urea and polyvinyl alcohol leads to the formation of BiVO 4 coatings with lower charge transfer resistance as well as higher affinity towards adsorption of glucose, resulting in higher sensitivity of these photoelectrodes in glucose sensing. Sensitivity of BiVO 4 coatings synthesized with urea (Bi_Urea) or with urea and PVA (Bi_Urea_PVA) towards glucose was 0.0033 mA cm −2 mM −1 and 0.0056 mA cm −2 mM −1 , respectively. The limit of detection was estimated to be 7.94 μM for Bi_Urea and 6.87 μM for Bi_Urea_PVA.

The Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on the Formation of Bismuth Titanate Nanosheets and Its Effect on Optical Characteristics

The Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on the Formation of Bismuth Titanate Nanosheets and Its Effect on Optical Characteristics

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on Preparation of Magnesium Hydroxide by Electrodeposition.

The current research focuses on the mechanism of the surfactant polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the preparation of magnesium hydroxide by electrolysis of a salt lake bischite aqueous solution. The samples were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and laser particle size analyzer. The characterization results show that PEG plays an important role in adjusting the growth mode and morphology of Mg(OH)2 crystals. The ether group of the PEG molecular chain and the hydroxyl group of Mg(OH)2 can be combined by a hydrogen bond, which provides a "template" for the growth of Mg(OH)2. At the same time, the difference in growth mode and morphology will also affect the economic performance of electrolytic reactions. When the PEG content reaches 0.4 g/L, the particle size of the product is uniform, which can well reduce the polarization of the electrode plate. The cell potential of electrolytic reaction is small, and the economic benefit is high. When the content of PEG is low, it has a low impact on the product and the economic benefits of electrolytic reaction. When the PEG content is higher than 0.4 g/L, the electrode reaction is hindered, resulting in an increase in cell potential.

Complex Plasticizer of PEG/Water on the Gelatinization of Corn Starch

AbstractThe effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/water (0/100, 5/95, 10/90, 20/80, and 40/60, w/w) on the gelatinization process and the gel properties of corn starch are investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheometry, and texture profile analysis. Starch granules are observed by CLSM in the water system alone to be completely broken and the birefringence of the starch granules is disappeared at approximately 75 °C. With increasing weight ratio of PEG/water, higher temperature is required to break the granular shape. The results of DSC show that the temperatures at which starch gelatinization peaks are found shifts from 74.27 to 101.05 °C with increasing PEG/water weight ratio from 0/100 to 40/60, which is in accordance with polarized light microscope observations. The changes in rheological behaviors and textural properties of corn starch show that the gelatinization degree and gel properties are significantly affected by the PEG/water weight ratio. Texture profile analysis show that starch gels with a PEG/water weight ratio of 40/60 exhibit stronger viscoelastic properties and structural stability than starch gel form in the 100% water sample. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for preparing thermoplastic starch using by polyethylene glycol/water as a complex plasticizer.

Effects of polyethylene glycol on the flexibility of cold-setting melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin

Effects of polyethylene glycol on the flexibility of cold-setting melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin

Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: Effect of polyethylene glycol and chitosan on structural, optical and morphological analysis

The use of plant extracts in the synthesis of nanoparticles has several advantages over traditional chemical-based synthesis methods. The synthesis of ZnO, Polyethylene Glycol ZnO (PEG), and Chitosen (Chit) ZnO nanoparticles using moringa oleifera leaf extracts as an effective reducing agent is described in this report. The colour of the reaction mixture changes from yellowish brown to white as nano metal oxide forms. Surface modifying agents for ZnO nano oxide included polyethylene glycol and chitosan. UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy were used to investigate the optical characteristics of produced nano oxides. The structural, elemental analysis, and morphology of nano oxides were studied using XRD, FESEM, EDAX, and HRTEM techniques. XRD validated the hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the average crystallite size of the ZnO, PEG-ZnO, and Chit-ZnO nanoparticles were 35 nm, 32 nm, and 28 nm, respectively. The band gaps of ZnO, PEG-ZnO, and Chit-ZnO nanoparticles were found to be 3.12 eV, 3.18 eV, and 3.14 eV, respectively, using UV–Visible analysis. ZnO, PEG-ZnO, and Chit-ZnO nanoparticles were found to be generally spherical and nano in size, according to SEM and TEM examination. According to the findings, moringa oleifera leaf extract-assisted ZnO-based nanoparticles are promising materials for various applications.

Surfactant chemistry and polymer choice affect single-wall carbon nanotube extraction conditions in aqueous two-polymer phase extraction

Quantitative determination of the effects of surfactant chemistry and polymer chain length on the concentration conditions necessary to yield extraction of specific single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) species in an aqueous two-polymer phase extraction (ATPE) separation are reported. In particular, the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain length, surfactant ratios, and systematic structural variations of alkyl surfactants and bile salts on the surfactant ratios necessary for extraction were investigated using a recently reported fluorescence-based method. Alkyl surfactant tail length was observed to strongly affect the amount of surfactant necessary to cause PEG-phase extraction of nanotube species in ATPE, while variation in the anionic sulfate/sulfonate head group chemistry has less impact on the concentration necessary for extraction. Substitution of different bile salts results in different surfactant packings on the SWCNTs, with substitution greatly affecting the alkyl surfactant concentrations required for (n,m) extraction. Finally, distinct alkyl-to-bile surfactant ratios were found to extract specific (n,m) SWCNTs across the whole effective window of absolute concentrations, supporting the hypothesized competitive adsorption mechanism model of SWCNT sorting. Altogether, these results provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms behind ATPE-based SWCNT separations, towards further development and optimization of the ATPE method for SWCNT chirality and handedness sorting.