Effect Of Plant Growth Substances Research Articles

Effect of plant growth substances on yield and yield attributing characters in pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.)

Effect of plant growth substances on yield and yield attributing characters in pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.)

Effect of plant growth substances on growth and flowering of golden rod (Solidago canadensis L.)

Effect of plant growth substances on growth and flowering of golden rod (Solidago canadensis L.)

Influence of plant growth substances on reproductive growth, yield and fruit quality of pear (<i>Pyrus communis</i> L.) cv. Punjab Beauty

Under sub-tropical region, poor fruit set is a major constraint in semi-soft pears resulting in lower fruit yield. To study the effect of plant growth substances on fruit production and quality, the plants of pear cv. Punjab Beauty were sprayed with the plant growth substances viz., boric acid (200, 300 ppm), CPPU (5, 10 ppm), NAA (10, 20 ppm) and P-Ca (150, 300 ppm) at full bloom stage. Among all the applied treatments, boric acid @ 200 ppm proved to be most effective with maximum fruit set (6.91 %), fruit retention (59.9 %) and yield (57.8 kg/plant), while, maximum fruit weight (162.3 g) was observed with NAA (20 ppm). The highest internal fruit quality in terms of maximum TSS (12.4o Brix), TSS/acid ratio (53.4) and ascorbic acid (12.8 mg kg-1) was observed in 200 ppm boric acid. However, the total phenol (30.9 mg GAE/100 pulp) and flavonoid (36.1 mg CE/100 pulp) content was significantly higher with NAA (20 ppm). The plant growth substances reduced the polyphenol oxidase activity in fruits. Overall, the application of boric acid (200 ppm) resulted in improved fruit set, yield and quality in pear cv. Punjab Beauty.

Influence of plant growth substances on reproductive growth, yield and fruit quality of pear (<i>Pyrus communis</i> L.) cv. Punjab Beauty

Under sub-tropical region, poor fruit set is a major constraint in semi-soft pears resulting in lower fruit yield. To study the effect of plant growth substances on fruit production and quality, the plants of pear cv. Punjab Beauty were sprayed with the plant growth substances viz., boric acid (200, 300 ppm), CPPU (5, 10 ppm), NAA (10, 20 ppm) and P-Ca (150, 300 ppm) at full bloom stage. Among all the applied treatments, boric acid @ 200 ppm proved to be most effective with maximum fruit set (6.91 %), fruit retention (59.9 %) and yield (57.8 kg/plant), while, maximum fruit weight (162.3 g) was observed with NAA (20 ppm). The highest internal fruit quality in terms of maximum TSS (12.4o Brix), TSS/acid ratio (53.4) and ascorbic acid (12.8 mg kg-1) was observed in 200 ppm boric acid. However, the total phenol (30.9 mg GAE/100 pulp) and flavonoid (36.1 mg CE/100 pulp) content was significantly higher with NAA (20 ppm). The plant growth substances reduced the polyphenol oxidase activity in fruits. Overall, the application of boric acid (200 ppm) resulted in improved fruit set, yield and quality in pear cv. Punjab Beauty.

The effects of plant growth substances on the oil content and fatty acid composition of Ricinus communis L.: an in vitro study.

Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) is valued for its oil and the performance of oil is closely related to its fatty acid composition. Thus, producing oil in vitro with favored fatty acid profiles is a promising research area and may also offer industrial opportunities. In line with this, the total amount of oil and the fatty acid composition of the samples, which were endosperm and calli obtained by treatment of various doses of plant growth regulators were determined. Results showed that the type and amount of the plant growth regulator used in the media affect the fatty acid composition. In detail, the biggest change was shown by Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), in general, using the plant growth regulators at 5 mgL-1, instead of 20 mgL-1, was found to have induced larger differentiations. The effect of a natural plant growth regulator (IAA) on fatty acid profiles was bigger than the synthetic ones (NAA, 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2,4 D, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The media containing 5 mgL-1 of NAA, 20 mgL-1 of NAA, 20 mgL-1 of 2,4 D, or 5 mgL-1 of 2,4 D gave similar results.

Evaluation of the effect of plant growth substances on longevity of gerbera cut flowers cv. Sorbet.

Gerbera is one of the most popular cut flowers in the world. Several experiments have been done on the effect of different chemical compounds on longevity and quality of cut flowers. In the present study, two experiments based on a completely random design with two treatments and three replications were conducted on gerbera cut flower cv. Sorbet. The first experiment examined the effect of BA, GA3, and SA at 2 concentrations (50 and 100 ppm) as a pulse treatment and then holding vase life solution containing 3 ppm silver nanoparticle with 3% sucrose. The second experiment investigated the effect spray application of BA, GA3, and SA at 2 concentrations (25 and 50 ppm) and then holding vase life solution containing 3 ppm silver nanoparticle with 3% sucrose. Distillated water and 3 ppm silver nanoparticle with 3% sucrose were used as control. During the experiments traits such as vase life, relative fresh weight, anthocyanin content, PAL activity, and SOD activity were measured. Results showed that there was significant difference between treatments and control. As for different concentrations of BA, GA3, and SA followed by NSP and sucrose treatment in the first excrement, SA 100 ppm with 8.9 day longevity compared with control (5.6 day) and in second experiment, SA 50 ppm with 9.8 day longevity compared with control (5.9 day) had better result than other treatments in quantity and quality of enzymatic traits and vase life, respectively. Results revealed that there was significant difference between treatment and control (p≤0.01) in postharvest life in gerbera cut flowers.

Roles of plant growth substance in callus induction of Achyranthes bidentata

<p> <strong>In this research, callus from leaves, petioles and stems of <em>Achyranthes bidentata</em> was evidently initiated by plant growth substance, in which 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was very important to callus induction, but effects of other plant growth substances were various, and the optimum combination of plant growth substances for callus induction from leaves, petioles and stems was respectively obtained. Compared with callus induction from leaves and petioles, callus induction from stems was easier, and the higher induction rate and bigger mass of callus from stems were obtained. This study showed that the dedifferentiation capacity</strong><strong> of various explants from </strong><strong><em>Achyranthes bidentata</em></strong><strong> was obviously different, and effects of plant growth substance on callus induction from various explants of <em>Achyranthes bidentata</em> were significantly diverse.</strong><strong></strong></p>

Effects of Plant Growth Substances on Rooting of Hedychium spicatum under Different Temperature Regimes

Present study was carried out to develop a simple and efficient vegetative propagation protocol by applying various treatments to rhizome cuttings with different test solutions of auxins and phenolic compound. These were alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), phloroglucinol and coumarin. The concentrations for each treatment were 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 microM. After treatments the rhizome cuttings were planted in polybags containing forest soil and kept under different temperature regimes i.e., inside polyhose (at 20-25 degrees C), inside mist chamber (at 15-20 degrees C) and under nethouse (nursery condition, at 14-18 degrees C). The maximum rooting percentage (74.06%) was achieved at 20-25 degrees C (inside polyhouse) by applying 50.0 microM IBA. Inside poly house condition, the various developmental parameters showed better responses compare to other conditions. On the basis of present study emphasizes that the temperature play a crucial role in rooting and further growth of the plants in this species. By using this simple and significant conventional method of propagation we could be propagate this vulnerable medicinal and aromatic species at large scale for commercial purpose.

Effects of Plant Growth Substances on Biomass and Lipid Production in Diatoms

The effects of plant growth stimulating substances like naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA), Gibberellic acid 3 (GA 3 ) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), or plant growth inhibiting substances like abscisic Acid (ABA) and ((2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (CCC), or their combinations, on biomass and lipid production in Pinnularia gibba var. linearis and Chaetoceros gracilis were studied. When applied at day 1 (stage I), treatments with NAA, GA 3 and 6-BA or their combinations enhanced biomass production but reduced lipid contents. The total lipids, however, were higher in these treatments than that in the control. 6-BA was more effective in stimulating total lipid production. No difference was found among the treatments with NAA, GA 3 or their combination. Adding NAA or GA 3 to 6-BA did not enhance biomass or lipid production compared with 6-BA alone. When applied at day 4 (stage II), growth stimulating substances increased biomass production compared with the control but did not affect total lipid production. Less biomass was obtained when the treatments were applied at day 4 compared with that applied at day 1. Treatments with growth inhibitors like ABA, CCC or ABA + CCC at day 1 reduced biomass production and total lipids, although lipid contents were increased by the treatments. When treated with ABA, CCC and ABA + CCC at day 4 , however, they did not reduce biomass production while increased lipid contents and total lipids.

The Effects of Plant Growth Substances and Mixed Cultures on Growth and Metabolite Production of Green Algae Chlorella sp.: A Review

Recent interest in the use of microalgae for the production of biofuels and bioproducts has stimulated an interest in methods to enhance the growth rate of microalgae. This review examines past work involving the stimulation of Chlorella sp. growth and metabolite production by plant growth substances as well as by mixed cultures of Chlorella sp. with bacteria. Plant growth substances known to regulate Chlorella sp. growth and metabolite production include auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, polyamines, brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and combinations of two or three of the aforementioned substances. Mixed cultures of bacteria are examined, including both natural bacteria–algae consortia and artificially induced symbioses. For natural consortia, commonly occurring bacterial species, including the genera Brevundimonas and Sphingomonas, are discussed. For artificially induced symbioses, the use of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum is examined in detail. In particular, a variety of studies have involved the coimmobilization of Chlorella sp. with Azospirillum sp. in alginate beads, with the goal of using the mixed culture to treat wastewater. In summary, the use of plant growth substances and mixed cultures provides two methods to increase the growth of Chlorella sp., whether for the production of lipids for biofuels, the production of bioproducts, the treatment of wastewater, or a variety of other reasons.

Effect of Plant Growth Substances on Morphological and Anatomical Structure of Leaf and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Soybean

Many soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] morphological and physiological regulations responding to plant growth substances have been reported.Related researches showed that plant growth substances could effectively control lodging,increase leaf area index,promote photosynthesis,reduce productive abscission and improve yield and quality in soybean production.Plant growth substances through adjusting inner hormone control soybean's whole process of growth and development,at the same time possibly affect the structure of soybean organs,including root,stem,leaf,and productive organs,on which there are a little report.Microtechnique and ultramicrotechnique have triumphantly applied in the researches on the changes of fibre texture and ultrastructure in plant caused by nutrient elements and environment factors,which provides availibility to research the effects of plant growth substances on the structure of soybean organs.The present study was carried out in an attempt to compare anatomi-cal structure and photosynthetic characteristics of cultivar Kennong 4,treated with three plant growth substances in the field of experiments on trail farm of Heilongjiang August-First Land Reclamation University in 2006.The selected secure plant growth substances Diethyl anlinoethyl(DTA),Ckolirte chloride(Cc),and SOD simulation material(SODM),were applied by leaf-spraying at the beginning of blossom stage(R1).30 days later,at the beginning seed stage(R5),the functional leaves were sampled to compare fibre texture and ultrastructure by microtechnique and ultramicrotechnique.Photosynthetic characteristics,such as leaf index,photosynthetic pigment content,photosynthetic potential and photosynthetic rate,were measured every 10 days after the treatments.The results indicated that the plant growth substances caused the changes of both anatomical structure of leaf and photosynthetic characteristics.Under light microscope,we found that,compared with control,DTA,CC,and SODM increased palisade tissue thickness and ratio of palisade/spongy of leaf.The tight degree of palisade tissue arrangement,was different in treatment showing the order of SODM DTA CC CK.DTA,CC,and SODM increased the number of chloroplast single cell,granule lamella and starch grains in chloroplast,while reduced the number of osmophilic globuli in the chloroplast.SODM,DTA increased granule number in chloroplast significantly.In the investigation of photosynthetic characteristics,we found that,compared with control,DTA,SODM,and CC increased the contents of Chl a,Chl b,Chl(a+b) in leaf and the ratio of Chl b/a.DTA,SODM,and CC advanced the time to maximum leaf area index and leaf area duration(LAD),increased total LAD and photosynthetic rate during grain filling period under water stress.From above,we drew a conclusion that plant growth substances could at least partially regulate the structure of soybean organs,fibre texture and ultrastructure of soybean leaf,which is helpful to promote photosynthesis,showing the consistency between anatomical structure and physiological function.

Characterization and regulation of multiple forms of endo-1,4-β-glucanase genes during longan fruit growth and development

Endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EGase, EC 3.2.1.4) is proposed to be involved in the control of cell wall modification. However, the relationship between EGase and longan fruit growth remains obscure. In the present work, the expression profiles of three Dl-EGase genes in pericarp and aril tissues of longan fruit during growth and development were characterized; moreover, the effects of plant growth substances, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) on their expressions of fruits at two different developmental stages were also investigated. The results showed that high levels of EGase activities in aril were in accordance with rapid aril growth, and three Dl-EGase genes exhibited different expression patterns in pericarp and aril during fruit growth and development. Dl-EGase1 and Dl-EGase3 seemed to be associated with the growth of both pericarp and aril, while Dl-EGase2 was closely related to pericarp growth. In addition, treatment of NAA and TDZ at the stage of pericarp growth increased the EGase activities and induced the expressions of all the three Dl-EGases. However, when NAA or TDZ was applied at the rapid aril growth stage, the accumulations of Dl-EGase1 and Dl-EGase2 in the pericarp, and the accumulations of Dl-EGase1 and Dl-EGase3 in the aril were induced. Furthermore, the expression patterns of the three Dl-EGases showed different tissue specificity. It is thus speculated that Dl-EGase genes played a different role in longan fruit growth and were developmentally regulated, and more importantly, the responses of Dl-EGases to plant growth substances were different and dependent on fruit development stage and fruit tissue.

Effects of plant growth substances on the conchocelis phase of Alaskan Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) species in conjunction with environmental variables1

The effect of plant growth substances (PGSs) on conchocelis growth of Alaskan Porphyra (P. abbottiae V. Krishnam., P. pseudolanceolata V. Krishnam., P. pseudolinearis Ueda) was investigated. Growth was measured under different combinations of PGS concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 ppm), PGS type (gibberellic acid, kinetin, and indole‐3‐acetic acid), temperature (7, 11, and 15°C), and photoperiod (16:8 light:dark [L:D] cycle and 8:16 L:D cycle). Plant growth substances effectively promoted the growth of Porphyra conchocelis. Depending on culture conditions, growth rates were increased relative to controls 6.9%–31.7% for P. abbottiae, 4.7%–25.7% for P. pseudolanceolata, and 8.9%–35.1% for P. pseudolinearis. Maximal growth of P. abbottiae occurred with 0.8 ppm kinetin, 15°C, and short‐day conditions (8:16 L:D). Porphyra pseudolanceolata exhibited maximal growth with 0.4 ppm indole‐3‐acetic acid, 7°C, and long days (16:8 L:D). Indole‐3‐acetic acid also effected maximal growth of P. pseudolinearis at 0.4 ppm, 15°C, and long‐day conditions (16:8 L:D). For P. abbottiae and P. pseudolinearis, intermediate PGS concentrations (0.4–1.6 ppm) had the greatest growth‐stimulating effects, whereas for P. pseudolanceolata, higher growth generally occurred at lower concentrations (0.1–0.8 ppm). Kinetin and indole‐3‐acetic acid had more influence on the conchocelis phase than gibberellic acid. The PGS concentrations greater than 1.6 ppm had a diminishing effect on growth, especially in P. pseudolanceolata. For P. abbottiae and P. pseudolinearis, higher temperatures resulted in higher growth rates, in contrast to P. pseudolanceolata, which grew faster at the lower temperatures.

The Influence of Growth Regulators on Membrane Permeability in Cultures of Winter Wheat Cells

The effect of plant growth substances (IAA, 2,4-D, zeatin, kinetin, zearalenone) were studied on membrane properties of the cells of embryogenic (E) and non-embryogenic (NE) calli derived from immature inflorescences (inf) or embryos (emb) of winter wheat. Calli initiated from inflorescences show higher permeability. The ion leakage from cells of E calli was higher than from cells of NE calli. Growth regulators were used in concentrations of 2-30 mg/l (about 10-140 microM). All tested growth substances increased ion leakage from NE emb cells, IAA, zeatin and kinetin being most effective. In NE inf cells the effect of growth substances was similar as in NE emb, but much weaker. In E cells of both types (inf and emb) growth substances decreased ion leakage. Changes in the leakage of potassium and calcium ions were similar to those in total ion leakage. The uptake of labelled auxins (IAA and 2,4-D) was higher in NE cells (especially in NE inf) than in E cells. The endogenous level of IAA was higher in E cells than in NE cells and in inf cells than in emb cells. The importance of auxin in determining permeability of cell membranes is discussed.

Effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro fiber development from unfertilized and fertilized Egyptian cotton ovules

Unfertilized and fertilized ovules of Gossypium barbadense Giza 45 (extra long staple variety) were used to study the effect of plant growth substances (auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins) on in vitro fiber initiation and development. Kinetin, alone did not increase total fiber unit (TFU) of unfertilized ovules, while an increase in TFU value occurred when a constant level of IAA and GA3 were used either separately or in combination in the liquid medium. GA3 used alone, produced a higher TFU value than that produced by IAA, whilst, IAA with a constant level of GA3 (5 μM) produced the highest value of TFU. GA3 with a constant level of IAA (5 μM) produced a lower TFU value. Kinetin reduced the stimulatory effect of IAA and GA3 on TFU value when used in combination with either substance. In fertilized ovules, the highest level of TFU was reached when IAA, with a constant level of GA3, was added to the medium, whilst its lowest level was obtained when IAA was used alone. Estimation of in vitro fiber production, as well as the effect of growth substances used in different concentrations on in vitro fiber initiation and development from unfertilized and fertilized ovules of Egyptian cotton varieties Gossypium barbadense Giza 45 are discussed.

Effect of plant growth substances on the formation of carpelloid structures from tobacco ovules

Excised ovules with placentae developed into carpelloids consisting of stigma-like, style-like and ovule-like structures. Kinetin was necessary for the formation of carpelloids in immature ovules which were excised from the flower buds containing pollen grains at bicellular stage. However, plant growth substances were not necessary for these formations in younger ovules which were excised from the flower buds containing pollen grains at unicellular stage. The morphological characteristics of the stigma-like and style-like structures were similar to those of normal tissues, and their functions were the same.

Effect of plant growth substances on the growth of axillary buds in cultured stem segments of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

The hormonal control of axillary bud growth was investigated in cultured stem segments of Phaseolus vulgaris L. When the stem explants were excised and implanted with their apical end in a solid nutrient medium, outgrowth of the axillary buds-located at the midline of the segment-was induced. However, if indoleacetic acid (IAA) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was included in the medium, bud growth was inhibited. The exposure of the apical end to IAA also caused bud abscission and prevented the appearance of new lateral buds.

Effect of plant growth substances on membrane permeability of urea and erythritol

Four groups of plant growth substances (the auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid and cytokinins) were tested as to their effects on increasing the permeability of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes to erythritol and urea. The cytokinins (kinetin and benzyladenine) produced permeability changes down to about 30 μM for erythritol or urea while the auxins (indoleacetic, indolebutyric and indolepropionic acid), gibberellic acid and abscisic acid affected permeability only at much higher concentrations (above 1300 μM). These results question the physiological significance of the auxins, gibberellic acid and abscisic acid as lipid bilayer perturbing agents.

The effect of plant growth substances and natural products on RNA and DNA synthesis in leukocytes.

The effect of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins and phenolics on the incorporation of uridine and thymidine into the nucleic acids of human leukocytes was examined. Both the stimulation and inhibition of the incorporation of the precursors was noted. The auxins consistently promoted the incorporation of uridine.

Effects of Plant Growth Substances on in Vitro Fiber Development from Unfertilized Cotton Ovules

Fertilization of cotton ovules was prevented by removal of styles and stamens on the morning of anthesis. Forty-eight hr later ovaries were harvested and ovules were aseptically transferred to liquid culture medium supplemented with various plant growth substances. In the absence of phytohormones, ovules browned and failed to increase in size or produce fibers. Indoleacetic acid and gibberellic acid provided for ovule growth and fiber development. Kinetin provided for ovule growth only. The ovule's capacity for indoleacetic acid- or gibberellic acid-stimulation of fiber development was reduced by high concentrations of kinetin or abscisic acid. Low concentrations of kinetin partially reversed the inhibitory effect of abscisic acid.