Effects Of Physical Activity Training Research Articles

Abstract OT3-12-02: Effect of physical activity training on cardiovascular function, immune cells, quality of life during breast cancer chemotherapy in Taiwan

Abstract Background It has been shown that exercise may improve NK cell immune response.In the past decades, several investigations also showed that physical activity training(PAT) during breast cancer treatment was able to maintain cardiorespiratory function and quality of life. This study is aimed to investigate effect of simple PAT on Immune cells changes, cardiorespiratory function and quality of life during breast cancer chemotherapy (CT).Trial designation Breast cancer patients, aged from 20 to 80 years old with stage I, II, III disease, who receive adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy are candidates for the study. Sixty patients will be recruited, and divided randomly into two arms, exercise interventional arm (n=30) and control arm (n=30). For PAT interventional participants Aerobic and muscular exercises are instructed by a sport trainer to the participants, and the participants are asked to do it at home, including 150 minutes moderate or 75 vigorous physical activity a week, 30 minutes each time. For control participantsOnly PAT manual is distributed to the control participants. Measurement and Data collection In this study, the following measurements are selected including: 1. Immune cells: lymphocyte subsets(CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+ T cells, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio) will be measured. Peripheral blood immune cells is analyzed before and 10-14 days after each cycle of adjuvant or neoadjuvant CT(usually 6-8 cycles of CT). 2. Cardiorespiratory function measurement including 6-minute walk test and echocardiography, before the 1st CT and at the end of whole CT courses. 3. Body weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition assessment (body fat, muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate), WHOQOL are measured before the 1st CT and at end of the whole CT courses. Outcomes The primary outcome is the change of immune cell member per cycle of CT, and the secondary outcomes are chemotherapy completion rate, on schedule chemotherapy rate, improvement of cardiorespiratory function and quality of life. Statistical analysis In this study, to achieve a 95% power with 0.05 significance level, 18 subjects are required for each arm and this sample size calculation is based on effect size 0.25 and correlation between repeated measurements of immune cells using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). As a result, the changes of immune cell number over time will be examined by repeated measure ANOVA.To examine the difference of improvement of cardiorespiratory function and quality of life between 2 arms, 2-sample t-test or the Wilcoxon rank sum test will be used. To compare the chemotherapy completion rate and on-schedule chemotherapy rate, the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test will be employed. All statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS 22.0 software. A P value of 0.05 is considered to be significant in all tests Discussion The study will be started after approval of IRB(The institutional Review Board) in our hospital. Citation Format: Chia-Ming Hsieh, Kuan-Der Lee, Meng-Hsiu Wu, Ning-Chiang Yang, Hsin-Yi Chen, I-Shiang Tzeng. Effect of physical activity training on cardiovascular function, immune cells, quality of life during breast cancer chemotherapy in Taiwan [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-12-02.

Abstract 96: Effects of Exercise on Post-stroke Cognitive Function

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide an updated comprehensive analysis of the extant literature on physical activity (PA) training and cognitive performance post-stroke. We also sought to explore study and sample characteristics that may moderate the effects of PA training on cognition. Methods: We synthesized data from 639 participants included in 13 intervention trials that involved PA training and assessments of neurocognitive function. Intervention effects were represented by Hedges’ g, calculated separately for intervention and control conditions within each trial. Effect size data were subjected to moderation analyses using the between-group heterogeneity (Q B ) test. Data were analyzed using random and mixed-effects approaches. Results: A positive, moderate effect size was observed for PA training on a domain general estimate of global cognition (Hedges’ g [95% Confidence Interval] = 0.56 [0.41; 0.70], p < .001). Furthermore, a mixed-effects analysis indicated that PA training led to significantly greater cognitive gains relative to controls (Q B = 9.26, p = 0.002). Among those that received PA training, performance improvements were observed in all neurocognitive domains assessed, including working memory (Hedges’ g = 0.65 [0.19; 1.12]; p = .006), executive function (Hedges’ g = 0.24 [0.10; 0.38]; p = .001), and attention and processing speed (Hedges’ g = 0.31 [0.10; 0.51]; p = .004). The effects of PA training on cognition were not moderated by intervention length or time from stroke to initiation of the intervention. Conclusions: The effects of PA training on cognition post-stroke are moderate in magnitude, and are apparent across numerous neurocognitive domains. These findings support the application of physical activity training to reduce the burden of cognitive impairment in stroke survivors.

Effect of physical activity training on dementia patients: A systematic review with a meta-analysis

Abstract Background Activity in a favorable environment excites the brain on a bodily and cognitive level and is beneficial for brain plasticity in dementia patients. Although dementia is an incurable disease, its progression can be slowed with exercise and some patient functionality may be improved through physical exercise. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of physical exercise on patients with dementia. Methods The Pubmed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wan Fang databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through July 2016. References of eligible citations were also searched by hand. Articles were screened and data were extracted. The methodological quality was independently assessed by two reviewers. Then, a meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3. Results A total of 14 RCTs, involving 1546 participants, were included. The pooled results suggested that physical exercise effectively improved the Time up and go (seconds) [MD = −2.87, 95% CI (−3.25, −2.5)], Function Reach (cm) [MD = 4.25, 95% CI (3.52, 4.98)], Cadence, steps/min [MD = 12.71, 95% CI (6.92, 18.51)], NPI-caregiver total score [MD = −2.33, 95% CI (−3.65, −1.01)] and Berg Balance Scale [MD = 3.62, 95% CI (1.51, 5.73)]. Conclusions Physical activity training effectively improved the condition of dementia patients. Physical activity training effectively improved the condition of Time up and go (seconds), NPI-caregiver total score, Function Reach (cm), Cadence, steps/min and Berg Balance Scale. Hence, physical activity training offers many advantages for dementia patients, including improving their balance ability, athletic ability and relieve caregivers' burden.

Physical Activity Training and Middle-Aged Females’ Quality of Life

Background: Despite the great benefits of physical activity, immobility is still a major health problem among females. Regular physical activity is associated with higher levels of health status and better quality of life. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical activity training on middle-aged females’ quality of life. Methods: This randomized controlled field trial was conducted on 88 middle-aged females who referred to Nehbandan district healthcare center, Nehbandan, Iran. The females were randomly and evenly allocated into a control and an experimental group. Then, an eight-session physical activity training program was implemented for the females in the experimental group. Study data were collected both before and one month after the intervention on a self-report basis and by the short-form 36-item quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) and two seven-choice questions to assess the length of physical activity in the past two weeks. Finally, the data were transferred to the SPSS ver. 16 and analyzed through running the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the paired- and the independent-samples T, the Mann-Whitney U, the Wilcoxon, and the Chi-square tests. The level of significance was 0.05. Results: Before the intervention, the means of quality of life in the experimental and the control groups were 67.77 ± 17.39 and 67.57 ± 14.18 which increased respectively to 81.66 ± 11.88 and 69.00 ± 14.81 after the intervention. The difference between the groups regarding the pretest values of quality of life was not statistically significant (P = 0.72); while after the intervention, this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). On the other hand, the pretest mean values of physical activity duration in the groups were 45.00 ± 30.53 and 43.24 ± 42.31 which increased respectively to 158.45 ± 53.35 and 58.75 ± 55.39 minutes after the intervention. Again, intergroup difference regarding the pretest values of physical activity duration was insignificant (P = 0.82); while after the intervention, this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Active engagement in physical activities has positive effects on middle-aged females’ quality of life. Therefore, developing and implementing training intervention is recommended to improve middle-aged females’ quality of life.