Effect Of pH Variation Research Articles

Variation of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition in leaves and roots of Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. in relation to water pH and nutrient availability

In a phytotron experiment, the effects of pH variation and eutrophication on isoetids plants from soft-water lakes specifically the submerged form of Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. was investigated by analyzing stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N). Conducted in late October 2020, 200 specimens from Lake Zawiad, near Gdansk, Poland, were examined over 75 days. The study tested three pH levels (∼4.5, ∼7.0, and ∼8.5) and a detailed 12-step nutrient gradient (nitrogen: 0–10 mg/l; phosphorus: 0–0.3 mg/l). The analysis focused on isotopic composition in leaves and roots, revealing that acidic conditions favored higher δ13C values (leaves: −22.67 ‰; roots: −23.23 ‰), suggesting a preference for lighter carbon forms in photosynthesis and intensive use of limited sources of CO2. The neutral pH variant showed the lowest δ13C values (leaves: −25.53 ‰; roots: −25.47 ‰), indicating less optimal conditions. δ15N values exhibited minimal fluctuation across pH levels, with slight variations in acidic and alkaline environments compared to neutral conditions. An observed decrease in δ13C across all pH levels with increased nutrients, alongside a rise in δ15N values, indicates a complex interaction between isotopic composition and environmental factors. Our findings suggest that L. uniflora shows a distinct isotopic response to varying pH levels, with higher δ13C values under acidic conditions potentially indicating enhanced CO2 uptake through a specialized carbon assimilation strategy. This highlights the species' adaptive mechanisms to environmental stressors, suggesting that the isotopic composition of aquatic vegetation can serve as a sensitive indicator of changes in lake ecosystems.

Optimasi Adsorpsi Ion Tembaga (II) Menggunakan Silika Gel-GPTMS Termodifikasi Sulfonat

Adsorption is a process of sorption onto a specific substance that occurs at the surface of a solid material due to intermolecular forces or the penetration of a substance into the solid material surface. Adsorption involves an adsorbent as the sorbent material and an adsorbate as the component being sorbed. Silica gel is a commonly employed adsorbent for the sorption of Cu2+ ions. It is utilized as an adsorbent due to the presence of silanol and siloxane groups, which serve as active sites that can be modified. The modification aims to enhance the adsorption capacity of silica gel for Cu2+ metal ions. In aquatic environments, Cu metal ions are highly toxic to living organisms, posing significant hazards. The modifying compound employed in this study is monosodium salt of 4 – amino – 5 – hydorxy – 2,7 – naphthalenedisulfonic acid. However, prior to the sulfonate compound modification, a linking compound, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in pH and contact time on the adsorption of Cu2+ metal ions on sulfonate modified silica gel – GPTMS. The modified silica gel was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The adsorption of Cu2+ ions was characterized by specific surface area (SSA), and the optimal adsorption conditions were determined as pH 4 and contact time of 60 minutes.

Effect of pH Variations in Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) Medium on E. coli Growth

Effect of pH Variations in Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) Medium on E. coli Growth

Zinc Sensing Advancements for Prostate Cancer Detection: Insights from Zincon-MoS2 Electrochemical Characterization

Epidemiological research has illuminated the pivotal role of zinc (Zn) in prostate cancer detection. Among its noteworthy attributes, a healthy prostate is characterized by a higher zinc content, while in a malignant prostate, there is a marked decrease in zinc aggregation. Electrochemical sensing techniques have proven to be valuable in studying zinc behaviour; In this study, we examined the electrochemical characteristics of a glassy carbon electrode that underwent modification with Zincon-MoS2. Our primary objective was to achieve a sensitive and selective approach for detecting zinc in the context of prostate cancer. The synthesis of the Zincon-MoS2 composite was executed through hydrothermal, and subsequent chemical functionalization with zinc was employed to augment its affinity for zinc ions. Conducting cyclic voltammetry measurements, we sought to gain deeper electrochemical insights when exposed to zinc ions. The Zincon-MoS2-modified electrode that we created exhibited exceptional electrochemical capabilities for precisely detecting zinc. We studied the behaviour of MoS2 sheet on microlevel and rest of the studies are done on nano dimensions. We reported 0.912 μM Limit of detection which is quite low then the limit of the zinc concentration in healthy prostate i.e 12 μM. Additionally, the limit of quantification was calculated to be 3.04 μM, indicating the minimum detectable concentration of zinc. The sensitivity of the sensor was found to be 0.086 μAmp/nM-cm2, emphasizing its ability to detect zinc accurately. Furthermore, the effect of pH variations in the electrolyte on the maximum current levels was studied, providing valuable information on the response of the sensor under different physiological conditions. The electrochemical insights obtained through this investigation contribute to a deeper understanding of zinc behaviour in prostate cancer.

Effect of pH variation on chemical components and antifungal activity of ketepeng cina (Cassia alata L.) leaves extract

Ketepeng cina (Cassia alata, L.) has been widely used as a traditional medicine, one of which is as an antifungal. Previous research showed problems with the storage of ketepeng cina leaves extract, which reported changes in pH and color over time. This study explored the effect on concentration of chemical components and antifungal activity under varying pH. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans was tested using microdilution and well diffusion methods. HPTLC technique was measured the chemical components of the extract represented by aloe-emodin and kaempferol concentration. The extract with pH 4.5 had the highest aloeemodin content and antifungal activity. The result of our research were the pH variation significant influence on anti fungal activity against C.albicans, where the best results are at pH 5.5 (p<0.05). The level of active components in the extract is influenced by the pH conditions (p<0.05). Specifically, the levels of kaempferol and aloe-emodin are maximum at a pH of 5.5. It can be concluded that pH can affect the levels of chemical components and antifungal activity in ethanol extracts of ketepeng cina (Cassia alata, L.) leaves.

Effect of pH variation and temperature on pesticides sorption characteristics in calcareous soil

The effect of pH value at three levels (5, 7, and 9) and temperature at two levels (25 and 50ºC) on the sorption properties of chlorantraniliprole-CAP, dinotefuran-DNF, bispyribac-sodium-BPS, and metribuzin-MBZ were studied in calcareous soil. The sorption of CAP at pH 5 (38.2%) was significantly higher than that at pH 7 (32.4%) and 9 (28.4%), whereas the sorption of DNF at pH 5 was lower than that at pH 7. The adsorption of BPS at pH 9 was statistically significantly higher than that at pH 5 and pH 7. Regarding the herbicide MBZ adsorption percentages were 47.0, 61.1 and 57.1 % at pH 5, 7 and 9. The number of tested pesticides adsorbed by the soil was significantly influenced by the temperature. The adsorbed amount of CAP was decreased from 37% to 33% as the temperature was increased from 25˚C to 50 ˚C, while no significant differences of adsorbed DNF. Data showed that the adsorption of BPS and MBZ statistically decreases with temperature. The data from the adsorption behaviour of CAP, DNF, BPS, and MBZ in tested soil at different temperatures correspond well with the Freundlich isotherm. The negative ΔG˚ indicated that the adsorption of CAP, DNF, BPS, and MBZ were spontaneous at different temperatures. There was an increase in the entropy of the pesticide-soil systems as shown by the positive values of ΔS˚.

Retrieval of zirconium ions from laboratory solutions upon insitu-gel-precipitated aluminium based composite sorbents

Synthesis of innovative substances that serve as potential adsorbents used to reduce pollution impacts or even capture valuable elements is still a target. The strategic point of this work is the preparation of aluminum silicate vanadate nano particles (AlSiV-NPs) and aluminum silicate vanadate tungstate nano particles (AlSiVW-NPs) via the insitu technique. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using FTIR, TGA, TEM, XRD, and SEM-EDX analyses. Studies were conducted on the effects of pH variation, feeding solution concentrations, equilibrium times, and adsorbent weight on the Zr4+ adsorption process on the synthesized adsorbents. With the experimental maximum adsorption capacities of 89 and 95 mg/g for AlSiV-NPs and AlSiVW-NPs, respectively, the equilibrium adsorption results for Zr4+ were in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm and the qe values were more fitting. The pseudo-second-model kinetically matches both adsorbents suggesting that chemisorption was the approach of adsorption. Thermodynamic results for composites AlSiV-NPs and AlSiVW-NPs show similar values for enthalpy change (−31.5 and −21.08 kJ/mol), entropy change (−47.8 and −7.8 J/mol.. K), and negative free energy change. In summary, Zr4+ adsorption over AlSiV-NPs and AlSiVW-NPs is exothermic, spontaneous, and has a lower degree of disorder. These findings proved the promising future of these composites to recover Zr4+ from aqueous media.

Fabrication of carbon pasta elektroda composition modified with nanobentonite and nano TiO2 for niacinamide detection sensor

Niacinamide is the amide form of vitamin B3, which is usually analyzed for concentration using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, HPLC, and KLT. The development of niacinamide analysis methods using cyclic voltammetry has not been widely studied. The use of working electrodes in cyclic voltammetry is usually carbon paste electrodes. However, these electrodes have disadvantages, relatively low sensitivity and slower electron transfer kinetics, so it is necessary to research working electrode modification to increase electrode sensitivity. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of nanobentonite and nano TiO2 on carbon paste electrodes in improving electron transfer and electrode sensitivity in the analysis of niacinamide by cyclic voltammetry. Variations in electrode composition were conducted to determine the optimum composition in measuring niacinamide solution and the optimum pH in measuring niacinamide. Nanobentonite obtained from the synthesis using the sonochemical method produces an average particle size of 46.9 nm, and the composition of carbon, paraffin, nanobentonite, and nano TiO2 electrodes with a variation of 3:2:3:2 b/v has the highest current peak. The better the conductivity of the working electrode, the greater the maximum current peak produced due to the easy transfer of electrons for the reduction and oxidation reaction process. Using a buffer solution to adjust the pH of the niacinamide solution affects the analysis process, as evidenced by the IpA value at pH 7. The effect of pH variation also affects the stability of existing ions. So that the resulting current is higher, the higher the peak current value produced indicates, the more sensitive the electrode is due to high electron transfer. It maximizes the analysis of the concentration of the test solution because the measured concentration is linear with the measured current.

Generation Time of Escherichia Coli Bacteria Based On Variaton In Eosin Methylene Blue Agar Media PH

Bacteria require optimum environmental conditions to support cell growth and reproduction. States that are less than optimal cause bacteria to adapt and can infect humans for invasion of other organs. The speed of bacteria to infect is influenced by the rate and time of generation of bacteria in multiplying cells. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in pH (4,8; 5,8; 6,8; 7,8; and 8,8) in Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media on the generation time of Escherichia coli bacteria. Researchers used the True Experiment Post Only Control Design and One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that at a variation of pH 4,8 there was no growth; pH 5,8 with a generation time of 1,5-24,9; pH 6,8 with a generation time of 1,5-21,7 minutes; pH 7,8 with a generation time of 1,6-22,3 minutes; and pH 8,8 with a generation time of 1,6-22,8 minutes. The study concludes is that there is a significant effect of the variation in pH of the EMBA media on the generation time of Escherichia coli bacteria with a p-value of 0,000 &lt; α 0,05, with the fastest generation time at pH 6,8.

Evaluation of the influence of pH modification on food proteins struc-ture by FT-IR and AFM

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH variation (3.6, 4.6 and 5.6) on morphometric parameters and the secondary structure of proteins (ovalbumin and gliadin). Design/methodology/approach: The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) and agglomerate size (AS) of the proteins were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), while their secondary structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), both at different pH. Subsequently, a correlation analysis of the morphometric changes of the proteins with their secondary structure was performed. Results: Highlighting that it was found that, protein agglomerate size is influenced by changes in β-sheets and turn conformations. Limitations on study/implications: Effect of pH variation (3.6, 4.6, and 5.6) on morphometric parameters and the secondary structure of proteins (ovalbumin and gliadin). Findings/conclusions: The novelty of this contribution consists in demonstrating that there is a close structure-functionality relationship between the morphometric parameters of proteins and their secondary structure, combining microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. This allows a clear and deep understanding of protein behavior to select the appropriate pH conditions to improve the properties of many foods.

Evaluation of the Influence of pH on the Release of Exchangeable Cations from a Mixed Clay Mineral Deposit for Replenishment of Soil Nutrients

Soil nutrients consist of minerals such as Ca, Mg, K and Na ions among others which are essential to plant growth. Soils can become deficient in these nutrients on account of pollution, flooding and over cultivation. The soil condition can be ameliorated by addition of clay minerals which are rich in aforementioned cations. The mineralogy of the clay mineral was investigated using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and the effect of pH variation on the release of exchangeable cations of the clay mineral deposit were investigated by varying the pH of the solution in which the clay mineral was immersed whereas the amount of the cations released were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(AAS) and Flame Emission Spectrophotometer. Three clay minerals clinochlore, kaolinite and illite were detected. The quantity of cations released from the clay mineral varied with pH; and the pH at which the maximum quantity of the cations were released were pH4 for K+ ions(4.63±0.38cmol/kg), pH7 Ca2+ (12.09±0.96 cmol/kg) and Mg2+(3.48±0.08 cmol/kg) ions and pH8 for Na+(7.81±0.58 cmol/kg) ions respectively for site 1. This trend was observed in the three sites that were studied. This study has revealed that different pH conditions are required if this mixed clay mineral is to be employed in the remediation of nutrient deficiency in any soil in respect of a particular mineral.

Production of Arthrospira platensis BEA 005B: Biomass characterisation and use as a colouring additive in macarons

The present study aimed at (i) producing the microalga Arthrospira platensis BEA 005B using 80 m2 raceway reactors and (ii) to assess the potential use of the produced biomass as a food colour in macarons. The biomass production was carried out during winter and the productivity of the system ranged between 8 and 10 g m−2·day−1 depending on the depth of the culture (0.10–0.20 m). Illumina sequencing revealed that A. platensis represented over 85% of the prokaryotic populations; other alkaliphile strains were also identified. The produced biomass was mainly composed of protein (57.0 g·100 g−1) and contained natural and valuable pigments including chlorophylls (6.7 mg·100 g−1), carotenoids (1.8 mg·100 g−1), phycocyanins (115.4 mg·100 g−1), and allophycocyanins (36.9 mg·100 g−1). The effect of pH variations and thermal processing (121 °C, 15 min) on the colour of the biomass and on the stability of the main pigments was studied. The produced biomass was used to mimic the colour of two synthetic pigments used in green macarons. The lowest colour difference between the commercial and the microalgae-containing macarons was around 5 at a concentration of 3.5 mg g−1. The pigmentation capacity of the biomass was so high that the small quantities added did not affect the nutritional value of the macarons.

Application of Perovskite Strontium Doped Neodymium Manganite (Nd0.6Sr0.4MnO3) for Effective Removal of Fast Green Dye, A Toxic Wastewater Contaminant“

AbstractWater is a natural and universal solvent that sustains life on earth. Due to industrialisation, pure water resources are exposed to contamination at an alarming rate due to various organic and inorganic substances. Dyes, with organic contaminants in particular, are very harmful to human and aquatic life due to their carcinogenic nature. The primary consumers of dyes are the textiles and printing industries which release wastewater with high concentrations of these dyes. Therefore, severe measures are needed to remove dye from wastewater. Herein, authors report a study, the first of its kind, to remove the organic contaminants, especially Fast Green dye, from wastewater using Strontium doped neodymium manganite, Nd0.6Sr0.4MnO3 (NSMO) as an adsorbent. The adsorbent NSMO was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction route. The structural and microstructural characterizations reveal that the samples are orthorhombic polycrystalline and have a dense growth of particles. To assess the efficacy of dye removal of NSMO, preliminary studies were carried out on the effects of pH variation, initial dye concentration, and contact time, followed by adsorption kinetic studies using dye in water as a contaminant. The isotherm and kinetic studies suggest that dye removal from wastewater follows the second‐order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model. It was found that the maximum percentage removal for 100 mg/L of dye solution is close to 99 % using 0.05 g of adsorbent for 60 min. The novelty of the approach is brought out by the fact that, to date, only photocatalytic studies have been carried out on this material.

The Effect of pH Variation in Biogas Production: Impact of Cocoa Pods and Empty Palmyra Palm Bunches

The Effect of pH Variation in Biogas Production: Impact of Cocoa Pods and Empty Palmyra Palm Bunches

Effect of pH variations on structural and morphological properties of ZnO nanocrystals

Effect of pH variations on structural and morphological properties of ZnO nanocrystals

Effect of pH variation on citrate nitrate sol-gels obtained from auto-combustion method: Synthesis, calculations and characterisations of extremely dense BaZrO3 ceramic

We report the formation of phase pure, uniform, nano-sized and extremely dense BaZrO3 ceramic employing the sol-gel auto-combustion synthesis technique by fixing the metal to citrate ratio as 1.5 and systematically varying the pH of the gel. The details of the species that were formed during the gel stage were investigated by calculating the pH variation of the relative concentration of the barium and zirconium citrate species whose presence was indicated in solid-state NMR spectra that displayed extra resonance lines. Sintered density of the pellet obtained at a sintering temperature of 1550°C was found to be the highest for pH = 1 pellet, indicating that the gel structure for this pH was the most homogeneous which resulted in the formation of numerous sites of the resultant BaZrO3 ceramic that are evenly dispersed without agglomeration. The obtained percentage density was 99.9%, the highest ever-reported density of BaZrO3 ceramic by any technique.

Solvothermal Prepared Slag Nanocomposite as a Catalyst for Organic Dye Photodegradation

Steel slag nanocomposite was synthesized in this study using a solvothermal preparation technique from raw electric arc furnace (EAF) slag. XRF, SEM, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposite. The XRF result shows a high amount of SiO2 and Fe2O3 constituent in the slag with a small weight percentage of TiO2. The prepared slag nanocomposite was utilized for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation. The Photodegradation result from the study indicated an optimum degradation efficiency of 77.07 % at a 40 min irradiation time. The effect of pH variation and catalyst dosage on photodegradation was studied. The results reveal that photodegradation of the dye occurs best in an alkaline solution and that increasing the catalyst dosage above the reaction threshold reduces the degradation efficiency.

Effect of pH Variation on Cross-Linking of Water-Soluble and Acid- Soluble Chitosan with Sodium Tripolyphosphate and Gallium-67.

Chitosan is a cationic biopolymer obtained from deacetylating chitin, a natural compound present in crustacean shell, fungi and exoskeleton of insects. Chitosan involves various applications, including as drug and gene delivery systems, as wound dressing material and scaffolds for tissue engineering, agriculture, textile, food and feed nanotechnology, and in wastewater treatments. Chitosan-TPP particle has been figured out as the most important and stable nanoparticle for chitosan application in various fields. In this study, chitosan was chemically modified by sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Afterward, TPP-chitosan was radiolabeled with the gallium-67 radionuclide. The effect of several factors on labeling yield, such as chitosan solubility, acidity and concentration of TPPchitosan solution, and incubation time with gallium-67, were investigated. To prepare [67Ga] gallium-chitosan complex, chitosan (0.5 ml) was dissolved in 2.2 mCi of [67Ga] gallium chloride solution. The obtained solution was stirred for 5 min and then kept for 30 min at room temperature. The radiochemical purity and radiolabeling yield were measured via radiochromatography, which was performed by using a radio thin-layer chromatography (TLC) scanner instrument. To investigate the effect of chitosan kind and concentration on the labeling yield, two kinds of chitosan (acid-soluble chitosan and water-soluble chitosan) at two different concentrations (1% and 0.5%) and different pH were used. In addition, labeling efficiency and stability of the 67Ga-TPP-chitosan complex (acidic/water soluble chitosan) at both concentrations (0.5 and 1%) and at room temperature were assessed for 30, 45 and 60 min. The incubation time did not have any significant effect on labeling yield. The acidic soluble chitosan exhibited the highest radiolabeling yield at pH=9.3-10.4, while water-soluble chitosan showed the highest radiolabeling yield at pH > 5. Also, the prepared complex was stable in the final solution at room temperature and could even be used 24 hours after preparation for further application. Taken together, the TPP-modified water-soluble chitosan at the concentration of 0.5 % depicted the highest radiochemical yield (>95 %) in the optimized condition (pH= 6.2- 7.6). Therefore, TPP modified water-soluble chitosan can prove to be an effective carrier for therapeutic radionuclides in tumor treatment.

Biosurfactant Production from Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 with Carbon Source from Crude Palm Oil for Oil Recovery

Biosurfactants are surfactants that are synthesized by microorganisms using organic materials and have biodegradable properties, making them environmentally friendly. One of the applications of biosurfactants in the recovery of petroleum. This study aims to determine the type of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria using crude palm oil as the main carbon source, to determine the effect of variations in pH and CPO concentration on surface tension reduction and emulsification, and compare the best biosurfactant with surfactant synthesis. The production of biosurfactants has 3 stages, namely the bacterial preparation, the biosurfactant production, and the analysis in the form of surface tension, emulsification, crude oil removal, and FTIR. The best biosurfactant was obtained at pH 7 and a carbon source concentration of 3% v/v with surface tension and emulsification values ​​of 42.49 mN/m and 58%, respectively. The pH value and CPO concentration can affect the growth in the biosurfactant production process, thus also affecting the surface tension and emulsification values. The biosurfactants obtained were rhamnolipid biosurfactants. The biosurfactants produced in this study have lower crude oil recovery capabilities than synthetic surfactants with crude oil removal values ​​of 57.78% and 79.34%, respectively.

Effects of variations of voltage and pH value on the shear strength of soil and durability of different electrodes and piles during electrokinetic phenomenon

Electrokinetic (EK) treatment is an effective method in accelerating the consolidation and improving the geotechnical properties of fine-grained soils. This method stabilizes the soil and increases the bearing capacity of piles by improving the soil shear strength. Changing the soil pH, due to the occurrence of chemical reactions of electrolysis in the soil, can increase its shear strength. However, the electrodes used in this method corrode due to the change in the soil pH, which in turn reduces the electrical potential. Electrode corrosion and loss of electrical potential can significantly reduce the efficiency of the EK method. In addition, when using the EK method to increase the bearing capacity of piles, changing the pH can cause corrosion and damage to the piles. One of the most important factors influencing the change in the pH of soil is the voltage applied during the EK process. It was reported that increasing the voltage affects the intensity of chemical reactions and electroosmotic flow and thus increases the efficiency of EK. However, very limited research has been conducted on the effect of voltage on the performance of EK method. In the present study, the effects of three voltages on soil pH and corrosion resistance of four types of electrodes including iron (Ir), stainless steel (St), copper (Co), and aluminium (Al) were studied. In addition, the effects of pH variations on the corrosion rate of three types of piles including steel pile (SP), reinforced cement concrete pile (RCCP), and reinforced lime-cement concrete pile (RLCCP) were investigated. It was observed that increasing the voltage from a specific limit had no effect on the intensity of electrolysis reactions and the soil pH adjacent to the electrodes did not change more than a specific limit. Moreover, increasing the voltage to higher than 35 V (i.e. 45 V) did not increase the volume of drained water from the soil, but caused more electric current than the allowable current for Ir, St, and Al electrodes, and the corrosion intensity of these electrodes increased significantly. RCCP reduced the soil pH to 2.4 within 7 d of curing due to severe corrosion (13% corrosion rate). The soil pH values adjacent to RCCP and RLCCP within 28 d of curing reduced to 3.7 and 3.8, respectively, but the two piles were not damaged. In general, the results of this research showed that selecting an optimized voltage had a significant effect on the efficiency of EK, and increasing the voltage did not always lead to increase in the efficiency of EK process.