Effect Of Organic Treatment Research Articles

Studies on impact of organic manures and spacing on growth and yield parameters of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) var. CIM-Megha

A field experiment conducted on the effect of organic treatments and spacing on growth and yield parameters of kalmegh under rabi season 2017-18 at college of Horticulture, Rajendranagar revealed that organic treatments and spacing individually and combinedly has significant effect on growth and yield parameters. Application of FYM (30 t/ha) + AMC (7.5 l/ha) recorded maximum growth and yield parameters. Spacing of 15 x 15 cm gave higher herb yield and spacing of 30 x 45 cm recorded maximum growth parameters. Application of FYM (30 t/ha) + AMC (7.5 l/ha) with spacing 15 x 15 cm have shown maximum herb yield.

Nutrient uptake and residual effect of organic treatments applied to vegetable–rice system in an acid soil

ABSTRACTDirect and residual effects of organic treatments and in combination with inorganic fertilizers applied to acid soils were studied in the okra–rice system. Among the treatments studied, vermicompost (V.C) and poultry manure improved soil pH and exhibited liming effect, whereas inorganic fertilizer decreased soil pH. Inorganic fertilizer contributed to 78% of net return in okra but the residual effect was observed in inorganic and V.C combination. Soil available nitrogen and potassium had increased at 100% recommended dose, compensated crop uptake at 75%, but depletion was observed at 50%. Uptake of nitrogen was higher for okra from inorganic fertilizer but higher phosphorus and potassium uptake from V.C was observed for rice. Organic treatments showed better correlation between soil pH and zinc (Zn) uptake by okra and significant residual effect on rice. But it reduced the solubility of iron (Fe) and its uptake by okra and indicated a negative correlation between pH and diethylene triamine penta acetic acid-extractable Fe2+.

Effect of organic treatments with calcium carbonate and bio-activator on quality of ‘Reinette’ apple cultivars

‘Reinette du Canada’ (RC) and ‘Reinette Grise du Canada’ (RG) apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh) cultivars declared throughout the Community as Protected Designation of Origin ‘Manzana Reineta del Bierzo’ are severely affected by bitter-pit during storage. Pre-harvest treatments with calcium carbonate, authorized in organic production, and bio-activator Harpin protein were used to assess the effect on quality at harvest and during cold storage in both apple cultivars during 2007 and 2008. Bitter-pit at the end of storage was higher in ‘RC’ than in ‘RG’, due to the fact that K/Ca ratio in fruit was higher in ‘RC’. Harpin protein did not improve the quality of ‘Reinette’ apple cultivars. Calcium carbonate pre-harvest treatments were useful to decrease external and internal bitter-pit incidence of ‘Reinette’ apple cultivars after 90 days of storage, but differences at the end of storage were not significant. Therefore, calcium carbonate would be a useful product in organic production in order to decrease bitter-pit incidence in ‘Reinette’ apple cultivars during medium term storage.

The influence of organic matter extracted from humified clover on the properties of amorphous aluminosilicates. III. Potassium-magnesium exchange selectivity

Potassium-magnesium cation exchange selectivity measurements were made on a series of synthetic and amorphous aluminosilicates, allophanic soil clays and hydrous alumina after treatment with aqueous extracts of humified clover. The results were compared with those obtained from similar measurements on samples treated with only the inorganic components of the humified clover extract. For the soil clays and the aluminosilicates of intermediate composition organic treatment increased the preference for Mg2+. With the siliceous aluminosilicates, however, the effect of organic treatment on Mg2+ preference at acid pH values was limited because of specific interaction of K+ with these samples. This occurred despite the large increase in surface negative charge which would be expected to favour the divalent cation. In the case of the siliceous aluminosilicates organic treatment was found to decrease the preference for Mg2+ at neutral and alkaline pH values. This is attributed to the removal of aluminium-hydroxy material providing sites for the specific adsorption of Mg2+. While hydrous alumina specifically adsorbs Mg2+ at neutral and alkaline pH values, it does not adsorb K+. However, the organic matter adsorbed by hydrous alumina during organic treatment provides sites for the electrostatic adsorption of K+ as well as Mg2+.

The influence of organic matter extracted from humified clover on the properties of amorphous aluminosilicates. I. Surface charge

A series of synthetic amorphous aluminosilicates, hydrous oxides and allophanic soil clays were treated with aqueous extracts of humified clover. The resulting changes in surface charge due to organic treatment were determined by comparing the charge characteristics of these organic treated samples and samples treated with a synthetic mixture of the inorganic components of the humified clover extract. Organic treatment caused a change of net surface charge to more negative values. The change in surface charge varied with the mole ratio Al/(Al+Si) of the aluminosilicate, being largest at low values of Al/(Al+Si). Where the aluminosilicates contain positive charges these are reduced by the organic treatment. This is a major contributor to the alteration of net surface charge in the more aluminous samples. The effect of organic treatment on the charge characteristics of allophanic soil clays was similar to that for the synthetic aluminosilicates of intermediate composition. The inorganic treatments also caused an increase in negative charge, and this is attributed to the neutralization of positive charge by the adsorption of phosphate and the removal of charge-balancing aluminium-hydroxy material. The effect of the organic and inorganic treatments on the positive and negative charge components of amorphous aluminosilicates is discussed in terms of the degree of polymerization of chargebalancing hydroxy-aluminium as envisaged in current models of the structure of amorphous aluminosilicates.