Effect Of Organic Nitrogen Sources Research Articles

The effect of some soil conditioners on the yield and quality of sweet pepper grown under saline soil conditions using two sources of organic nitrogen fertilizers

Because of increased population worldwide in general and Egypt in particular , this may lead to a problem in the lack of food and fertile land area therefore, we resort to the expansion of the cultivation of salt soil. For that this experiment was carried out during two summer seasons of 2020 and 2021 at the Experimental Farm of El-Kassasein, Hort. Res. Station, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of organic nitrogen sources (poultry manure and botanical compost ) and some soil conditioners ( magnetic iron at 25 and 50 kg /fed. and humic acid at 2 and 4 kg /fed.) on growth, yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper cv Top Star under sandy soil conditions. Fertilizing sweet pepper plants grown in sandy soil with 180 kg N as organic nitrogen in the form of poultry manure ( 5.521 ton /fed.) increased plant growth, N, P and K uptake by shoots, yield and its components , nitrogen use efficiency, dry matter, total soluble solids and Vit. C and decreased nitrate content in fruits compared to fertilizing with 180 kg N as organic nitrogen in the form of botanical compost (9.890 ton /fed.). Adding magnetic iron and humic acid as salt soil conditioners at different rates to sandy soil increased plant growth, N, P and K uptake by shoots, yield and its components, fruit traits, dry matter, total soluble solids and Vit. C and decreased nitrate content in fruits compared to control (without soil conditioners). Fertilizing with poultry manure at 5.521 ton /fed. and adding magnetic iron at 50 kg /fed. increased shoot dry weight, N, P and K contents and uptake by shoots, number of fruits/ plant, average fruit weight, yield / plant , total yield /fed. nitrogen use efficiency, dry matter and total soluble solids in fruits, whereas poultry manure at 5.521 ton/fed. and humic acid at 4 kg /fed. increased Vit. C and decreased nitrate contents in fruits.

Anaerobic Digestion of Corn Stover for Improved Biomethane Yield: Effect of Organic Nitrogen Sources (Soybean Curd Residue and Fish Waste)

The present study investigated the effect of organic nitrogen sources, soybean curd residue (SCR), and fish meal (FW) on the anaerobic digestion of corn stover for biomethane production. The bioreactors were seeded with the corn stover (corn cob and corn sheath), soybean curd residue (SCR), and fish waste (FW) at different combinations: (CC/SCR), (CC/FW), (CS/SCR) and (CS/FW), including CC and CS alone. The fermentation was for 31 days under mesophilic conditions. Characteristics of the substrates indicate that CC and CS are good carbon and energy sources, but low in nitrogen content. Conversely, SCR and FW are rich nitrogen sources, with low organic carbon content. There was a remarkable increase in biogas production in all treatments, except CC/SCR 75:25 and CC/SCR 85:15 in which inhibitory effect was observed. The highest percentage increase (138%) in biogas was recorded in CS/SCR 85:15 (2.86 dm3), and the least was CC/FW 75:25 with 1.49 dm3 (24.18% increase). Significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in biogas yield was in the following: CC/SCR 50:50, CC/FW 50:50, CS/SCR 85:15, CS/FW 50:50, and CS/FW 75:25. The composition of the biogas revealed that the treatment improved biogas production as well as biomethane content, the highest being 69.44% in CS/SCR 85:15. Regression analysis of cumulative biogas yield as a function of time (t) in the different treatments that had a significant difference in biogas yield showed a good correlation between biogas yield (GY) and time (t). Improving the biodegradability of lignocellulosic wastes could lead to a boost in the development of anaerobic digestion and biogas production technology. To improve their biodegradability during anaerobic digestion, both pre-treatments and supplementation have vital roles to play.

Evaluation ofTrichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma citrinoviride growth profiles and their potentials as biocontrol agent and biofertilizer

Abstract Background Two Trichoderma species (T. atroviride and T. citrinoviride) were evaluated for their potential to have Trichoderma-based biological control agent and biofertilizer properties. Materials and Methods Eight Trichoderma spp. were identified by molecular methods. The mycoparasitic activities against different phytopathogenic fungi and their capacity to produce extracellular lytic enzymes were investigated. Furthermore, indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization capabilities of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated together with the effect of some physical parameters and different carbon:nitrogen sources on mycelial growth and conidium production. Results and Discussion All strains exhibited lytic enzymes and indole-3 acetic acid production as well as phosphate solubility characteristics. Trichoderma citrinoviride demostrated more mycoparasitic activity against Fusarium oxysporium than T. atroviride whereas T. atroviride was found more effective against Rhizoctonia solani. In particular, at lower temperatures, conidium production of T. atroviride strains were significantly higher than T. citrinoviride strains. Both strains grew well on all carbon sources tested. The effect of organic nitrogen sources on growth were notably higher than inorganic nitrogen sources. Conclusion The results provided valuable insight in both the highest mycelial growth and conidia production conditions of these cultures for further similar studies related to development of Trichoderma-based new commercial biological control and biofertilizer formulations in different agro-climatic regions.

Effect of organic nitrogen sources on growth, yield, quality, water productivity and economics of rice (Oryza sativaL.) under different planting methods in mid-hills of Sikkim Himalayas

In order to evaluate the effect of organic sources of nitrogen on growth, yield, water productivity and economics of rice under different methods of planting in hilly ecosystems of north-east India, an experiment was carried out in kharif seasons of 2013 and 2014 in split plot design with three replications. The results revealed that SRI recorded significantly higher values for all growth parameters (plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, flag leaf length, tillers/m2, root volume and root dry weight), yield attributing characters (productive tillers/m2, panicle length, grains/panicle, filled grains/panicle and test weight), water productivity (kg grain/m3 of water), grain yield and economics over the CP. This caused 36.84 and 29.41, 34 and 28, 60.0 and 55.3% improvement in water productivity, grain yield and net returns over the CP during 2013 and 2014, respectively. Among the organic sources of nitrogen, application of 25% RDN through FYM+25% RDN through VC+25% RDN through PM+25% RDN through MC significantly enhanced the growth, yield attributing characters, water productivity (0.26 and 0.23 kg of grain/water m3), grain yield (3.53 and 3.41 t/ha), net returns (88 x 103 and 83 x 103 Rs./ha) and B: C ratio (1.84 and 1.74) in 2013 and 2014, respectively.

Effect of Organic Nitrogen Sources on Yield Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Rice (Oryza sativa) Under Different Cropping System

A field experiment was conducted during 2005–06 and 2006–07 to study the effect of organic nitrogen sources on yield, quality and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different cropping systems. Among the cropping system, rice-potato-onion gave the highest rice grain equivalent yield (355.7 q ha−1) and maximum net return (Rs.268656 ha−1). However the organic nitrogen nutrition (1/3FYM +1/3poultry manure + 1/3vermicompost) with bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) had the highest rice grain equivalent yield (353.1 q ha−1) net monetary return (Rs.292454 ha−1) and benefit cost ratio (3.07). The application of organic manure alone or along with biofertilizers inoculation significantly improved the quality parameters, nutrient uptake and fertility status of soil over control. Organic nutrition treatments i.e. (1/3FYM +1/3poultry manure + 1/3vermicompost) with bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) and also without bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) significantly improved availability of major (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and secondary (sulphur) nutrients over control under the study and the maximum gain of major (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and secondary (sulphur) nutrients was associated with the application of organic matter (1/3FYM +1/3poultry manure + 1/3 vermicompost) along with bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB).

Bacteriocin production by Lactobacillus plantarum AMA-K isolated from Amasi, a Zimbabwean fermented milk product and study of the adsorption of bacteriocin AMA-K TO Listeria sp.

Bacteriocin AMA-K produced by Lactobacillus plantarum AMA-K inhibits the growth of Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria spp. Growth of strain AMA-K in BHI, M17, soy milk and molasses was similar to growth in MRS. The effect of organic nitrogen sources, carbohydrates, glycerol, K2HPO4 and KH2PO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, tri-ammonium citrate, Tween 80, vitamins and initial pH on bacteriocin AMA-K was determined. The mode of action of bacteriocin AMA-K was studied. The effect of bacteriocin AMA-K to actively growing Listeria innocua LMG13568, L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii ATCC19119 and L. monocytogenes ScottA was determined. Adsorption of bacteriocin AMA-K to target cells at different temperatures, pH and in presence of Tween 20, Tween 80, ascorbic acid, potassium sorbate, sodium nitrate and sodium chloride were studied. Bacteriocin AMA-K shares high homology to pediocin PA-1.

Effect of organic nitrogen sources and biofertilizers on production potential and energy budgeting of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems

A field experiment was conducted during 200506 and 200607 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to find out the ef- fect of organic nitrogen sources and biofertilizers on system productivity and energy budgeting of rice ( Oryza sa- . tiva L )-based cropping system. Ricepotato [ Solanum tubersoum (L.)]onion [ Allium cepa (L.)] system recorded significantly higher production efficiency (97.5 kg/ha/day), land-utilization efficiency (91.4%), economic efficiency ( 738/ha/day), energy input (61.08103MJ/ha) and energy output (187.09103MJ/ha). The lowest (39.4 103MJ/ ha) energy intensiveness was recorded in ricetable pea ( Pisum sativum var. hor tense)cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cropping system. However, the organic nutrition with biofertilizers ( Azotobacter and phos- phate-solubilizing bacteria) had the highest rice-equivalent grain yield (35.3 t/ha), production efficiency (96.7kg/ha/ day), land utilization efficiency (89.8%), economic efficiency (803 ha/day) and energy-use efficiency (3.15) of sys- tem, followed by organic nitrogen sources alone (3.0). Recommended dose of N @100% through organic nitrogen sources alone was the next best treatment resulting in higher productivity and system efficiency. Rice-potato-on- ion cropping system was found most productive, profitable and energy efficient with application of 100% recom- mended dose of nitrogen through organic sources along with biofertilizers.

The effects of organic nitrogen sources on growth of cell cultures of Douglas‐fir

In order to establish rapidly growing, friable cell cultures of Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb. (Franco)], the effects of organic sources of nitrogen on growth were investigated. Of the nitrogen sources studied, including allantoin, allantoic acid, glutamine and glutamic acid, all were capable of increasing growth. Glutamine (50 mM) produced the most marked increase in growth boosting dry weight production to a level of four times that of controls. Glutamine additions also eliminated the lag phase of growth and caused cells to become densely cytoplasmic. Results are discussed in relation to the pathway for assimilation of nitrogen.