Effects Of Olive Leaf Extract Research Articles

Effect of olive leaf extract on the quality of Cantal cheese

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of olive leaf extract (OLE) on the quality of Cantal cheese. The cheeses were fortified with different concentrations (Control, 1, 2, and 3 %) of OLE and analysed for quality during storage. The cheeses were evaluated on days 1, 28, and 63 for physicochemical, compositional, textural, rheological parameters, colour, microbiological analysis, and antioxidant activity. The MIR and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to study the changes in the cheese structure. A positive impact of OLE was observed on the antioxidant capacity. A mild inhibitory effect was observed against some beneficial bacteria (such as Lactococcus and Lactobacillus), while a strong inhibitory effect was found against pathogen microorganisms. No negative impact was found on the texture and chemical composition. Significant colour and structural changes were observed. The results indicate the potential of OLE to be used as bioactive ingredient to improve the quality of cheese.

Investigating the Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Antioxidant Activity, and its Regulatory Role on RBP4 Inflammatory Gene Expression in 3T3-L1 Cell Line

Background: The leaves of the olive plant (Olea europaea) contain significantly higher levels of phenolic compounds than the fruit and olive oil, acting as a natural supplement for antioxidant activities. Objectives: This research aimed to investigate the effect of this extract on certain inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6) and its regulatory role on tissue gene (RBP4) in fibroblast cell lines (3T3-L1). Methods: After culturing adipose tissue fibroblast cells (3T3-L1) under sterile and standard conditions, the cells were exposed to different logarithmic concentrations of the extract. The production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 was measured using ELISA methods, and the expression level of the RBP4 gene was assessed using a real-time PCR technique. Results: The results showed dose-dependent effects of the extract on the 3T3-L1 cells. The MTT assay indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of olive plant leaves has a concentration-dependent effect on cell proliferation (∗∗P ≤ 0.05). The DPPH test results showed a significant decrease in the level of active oxygen in the presence of Olive leaf extract (OLE). The catalase and MDA test results also indicated an increase in antioxidant activity in cells treated with the extract. Conversely, the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 increased by 0.05 and 0.01 (pg/mL), respectively, while changes in TNF-α and RBP4 gene expression were insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that OLE can enhance the efficiency of antioxidant and inflammatory pathways in the cell and significantly reduce the level of active oxygen in the cell.

Synergistic cytotoxicity of olive leaf extract-loaded lipid nanocarriers combined with Newcastle disease virus against cervical cancer cells.

Despite recent medical progress, cervical cancer remains a major global health concern for women. Current standard treatments have limitations such as non-specific toxicity that necessitate development of safer and more effective therapeutic strategies. This research evaluated the combinatorial effects of olive leaf extract (OLE), rich in anti-cancer polyphenols, and the oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) against human cervical cancer cells. OLE was efficiently encapsulated (>94% loading) within MF59 lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs; contains Precirol as NLC-P, contains Lecithin as NLC-L) to enhance stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery. Physicochemical analysis confirmed successful encapsulation of OLE within nanoparticles smaller than 150 nm. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated significantly higher toxicity of the OLE-loaded nanoparticle formulations on HeLa cancer cells versus HDF normal cells (P<0.05). MF59 achieved the highest encapsulation efficiency, while NLC-P had the best drug release profile. NDV selectively infected and killed HeLa cells versus HDF cells. Notably, combining NDV with OLE-loaded nanoparticles led to significantly enhanced synergistic cytotoxicity against cancer cells (P<0.05), with NLC-P (OLE) and NDV producing the strongest effects. Apoptosis and cell cycle analyses confirmed the increased anti-cancer activity of the combinatorial treatment, which induced cell cycle arrest. This study provides evidence that co-delivery of OLE-loaded lipid nanoparticles and NDV potentiates anti-cancer activity against cervical cancer cells in vitro through a synergistic mechanism, warranting further development as a promising alternative cervical cancer therapy.

Role of Olive Leaf Extract, Mesenchymal Stem Cells or Low Radiation Dose in Alleviating Hepatic Injury in Rats.

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or low-dose gamma radiation (LDR) on liver injury compared to the effect of olive leaf extract as a hepatoprotective agent. Rats were allocated into six groups; group I served as the negative control. Group II received 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in its drinking water for 1 week. Group III was injected with a single dose of 1 × 106 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) intravenously. Group IV was treated as in group III after 5% DSS treatment. Group V was given 5% DSS, followed by olive leaf extract (OLE) (1000mg/ kg, oral). Group VI: 5% DSS for 1 week, then was exposed to low-dose gamma radiation (LDR) (0.05Gy). Rats treated with OLE, BM-MSCs, or exposed to LDR exerted significant alleviation in all hepatic biomarkers, significant enhancements in oxidative stress parameters, and improvements in inflammatory biomarkers Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and Interferon gamma (INF-γ) hepatic contents compared with those of the DSS group. Histological pictures emphasized the biochemical findings. BM-MSCs might be a valuable therapeutic approach to overcome hepatic injury. Exposure to LDR provided protective mechanisms that allow the body to survive better.

Effects of olive leaf extract and nifedipine, alone and in combination, on blood pressure, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, malondialdehyde, and creatinine levels in an Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced rat model of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia (PE) is a significant health problem in pregnancy, affecting 6–7% of all gestations and leading to fetal growth retardation, infant morbidity and mortality, premature birth, and maternal death. Currently, effective treatment options for PE are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of olive leaf extract (OLE) and nifedipine, alone and in combination, in improving pregnancy outcomes in rats induced with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Rats were treated with single and combination treatments of nifedipine and OLE for four weeks, after being induced with L-NAME for six weeks. Following gestational day assessment and systolic blood pressure testing, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Malondialdehyde (MDA), proteinuria and Creatinine (SCr) Levels examinations. The results revealed the combination of nifedipine and OLE significantly improved the results of several biomarker analyses associated with PE, including increased NGAL levels, a significant decrease in MDA levels, decrease in proteinuria and elevated creatinine levels. The combination nifedipine and OLE treatment also exhibited a significant antihypertensive effect compared to either nifedipine or OLE monotherapy, as evidenced by the reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. This study provides novel evidence for the potential of olive leaf extract as a nutraceutical adjunct for the prevention and treatment of PE. The significant improvements observed in several pathological features associated with PE, including antihypertensive effects, warrant further investigation. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of action and exploring the clinical applicability of olive leaf extract in human populations with PE.

Protective effect of olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) extract against chronic exposure of liver and kidney tissues of Wistar rats to aluminum chloride

Introduction: The liver and kidney are the main sites of aluminum (Al) accumulation. Lifetime exposure to significant amounts of Al is inevitable, hence its toxicity on the liver and kidney should be a health concern. Natural antioxidants have been proven to alleviate pathologies in various liver and kidney injuries. However, the effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) on Al-exposed animals is yet to be confirmed. This study aimed to investigate the OLE effect against AlCl3 chronic exposure in rats’ liver and kidneys. Methods:Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8), including the control group, the AlCl3 group treated with 128 mg/kg AlCl3 solution, as well as AlCl3 +OLE50, and AlCl3 +OLE100 groups (Other than AlCl3 they received 50 and 100 mg/kg of OLE, respectively, 2 hours after AlCl3 administration). All treatments were given orally for 12 weeks. All groups were evaluated for liver and kidney histopathological features, then scoring was performed. Results: AlCl3 administrations produced histopathological lesions in the liver and kidney, indicated by increased liver necro-inflammatory grades, ballooning scores, and renal inflammatory cell infiltration (P&lt;0.05). OLE100 mg/kg significantly reduced liver necroinflammatory grade, ballooning score, and kidney inflammatory cell infiltrations. The dose of 50 mg/kg also reduced these parameters (P&lt;0.05), except for the liver necro-inflammatory grade. There was a significant correlation between OLE dose and liver necro-inflammatory grade and ballooning score amelioration. Conclusion: OLE ameliorates liver and kidney histopathological features induced by oral Al chronic exposure in a dose-dependent manner.

Neuroprotective effect of olive leaf extract in the mouse neuroblastoma cell line (NB2a): A good model to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of natural products

Chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, whose prevalence increases with aging, cause serious health problems with inadequate treatment options. Long-term exposure to low doses of pesticides like chlorpyrifos has been linked to an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. This study assessed the effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) on cell viability and neurite outgrowth inhibition induced by chlorpyrifos (25 µM) using the mouse NB2a neuroblastoma cell line. High concentrations of OLE as 100 to 3000 µg/ml reduced cell viability, likely due to its anticancer properties. On the other hand, lower concentrations of OLE as 3, 10, 30 and 100 µg/ml significantly reversed the inhibition of neurite outgrowth caused by chlorpyrifos exposure, demonstrating a neuroprotective effect. In conclusion, the regular consumption of OLE may effectively slow or prevent the advancement of neurodegenerative diseases linked to long-term exposure to low-dose organophosphate pesticides. Furthermore, the chlorpyrifos-induced moderate neurotoxicity model can be employed as a valuable screening method for evaluating the neuroprotective potential of natural products, including various plant extracts.

In vitro Effects of Olive Leaf Extract (Oleuropein) on Human Sperm Parameters and Oxidative Stress Induced by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Recently, biomolecules from natural products have paved the way for novel drug in the treatment of some diseases in vitro and in vivo models as diabetes, cancer and infertility. As such, we aimed to evaluate the capacity of Oleuropein (OLE), the major bio-phenol in olive leaf, to protect human sperm against bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inducing sperm oxidative stress and defective sperm functions. The toxic effect of OLE on human sperm was firstly investigated by evaluating sperm parameters after incubation during 60 minutes with different concentrations. Determined non-toxic concentration was then used to evaluate the capacity of OLE to protect sperm against LPS oxidative damages and sperm parameters alterations. Thus, sperms were consecutively incubated with LPS (10 µg/mL) and OLE (40 µg/mL) during 60 minutes, then submitted to sperm parameters analysis and oxidative stress assessment by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl groups (CG) levels and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). A significant decrease of sperm parameters as well as a significant increase in MDA levels, CG levels, SOD and CAT activities was found after stimulation by LPS. However, a non-significant difference was shown comparing sperms treated by LPS and OLE with LPS-treated control sperms. Consequently, despite the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of OLE reported in diverse cells, this phenolic compound seems to be not appropriate to protect human sperm in vitro against induced LPS oxidative stress and seems to have a "double-edged sword" behavior.

The influence of olive leaf extract on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the Hemolymph of Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The present study has aimed to examine the effects of olive leaf extract on the antioxidant enzyme activity of the invertebrate model organism Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) hemolymph. For this purpose, after the olive leaves collected from Çanakkale province were dried at room temperature, the ethanolic extract was obtained with a soxhlet. After the ethanol was removed from the obtained extract in the rotary evaporator, the obtained dry matter was prepared in the phosphate buffer salt, 72 mg mL-1 as the highest dose and the lowest 0.010 mg mL-1 and injected into the larvae reared for the experiment. Hemolymph was collected at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24-hours post-injection. Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation levels were determined spectrophotometrically in the collected hemolymph. According to the results obtained, olive leaf extract decreased CAT and SOD activity in G. mellonella hemolymph at certain doses and increased the amount of MDA. For all enzymes, group, dose, and group-dose interactions were statistically significant. In addition, as a result of the examination made in terms of time, it was seen that the measurement of enzyme activities at the 24th hour was significant. The results of our study show that the antioxidant capacity of the olive leaf cannot be transferred to other living things and even reduces the antioxidant capacity of other organisms.

Effects of Olive Leaf Extract and Nannochloropsis oculata Supplementation on Growth Performance, Oxidative Stress, and Lymphocytes Transformation in Pregnant Ewes

Effects of Olive Leaf Extract and Nannochloropsis oculata Supplementation on Growth Performance, Oxidative Stress, and Lymphocytes Transformation in Pregnant Ewes

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Olive Leaf Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds Oleacin and Oleuropein-Aglycone on Senescent Endothelial and Small Airway Epithelial Cells.

Olive tree by-products have been deeply studied as an invaluable source of bioactive compounds. Several in vitro and in vivo studies showed that olive leaf extract (OLE) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here, we wanted to assess the valuable benefits of two less-studied OLE components-3,4-DHPEA-EDA (Oleacin, OC) and 3,4-DHPEA-EA (Oleuropein-Aglycone, OA)-directly purified from OLE using a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable method, in line with the principles of circular economy. OLE, OC and OA were then tested in human cellular models involved in acute and chronic inflammation and in the pathogenesis of viral infections, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated monocyte/macrophages (THP-1) and endothelial cells (HUVECs), senescent HUVECs and Poly(I:C)-treated small airway epithelial cells (hSAECs). Results showed that OC and OA are efficient in ameliorating almost all of the pro-inflammatory readouts (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, ICAM, VCAM) and reducing the release of IL-6 in all the cellular models. In hSAECs, they also modulate the expression of SOD2, NF-kB and also ACE2 and TMPRSS2, whose expression is required for SARS-CoV-2 virus entry. Overall, these data suggest the usefulness of OLE, OC and OA in controlling or preventing inflammatory responses, in particular those associated with viral respiratory infections and aging.

Olea europaea L. leaf extract mitigates oxidative and histological damage in rat heart tissue exposed to combined noise and toluene: An experimental study

In many occupational settings, workers are frequently exposed to toluene and noise. However, the individual and combined effects of these exposures on the cardiovascular system have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of simultaneous exposure to toluene and noise on the rat heart, while also evaluating the potential preventive effect of olive leaf extract (OLE). Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 6/group): control group (C), control group that received OLE (C + OLE), group exposed to noise (N), group exposed to noise and receiving OLE (N + OLE), group exposed to toluene (T), group exposed to toluene and receiving OLE (T + OLE), group co-exposed to noise and toluene (NT), and group co-exposed to noise and toluene and receiving OLE (NT + OLE). The rats in this study were subjected to simultaneous exposure to toluene and noise for a duration of six weeks, within a custom-built plexiglass chamber. Toluene was administered at a concentration of 300 ppm, while the noise level was set to 85 dB(A). The exposure chamber was equipped with a generation system, an exposure system, and a monitoring system, ensuring precise and accurate exposure conditions. After the six-week period, heart and blood samples were collected from the rats for subsequent analysis. Plasma levels of cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured, and histopathological investigation was conducted using HE staining. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in heart tissue were measured. Our results showed that simultaneous exposure to noise and toluene altered CHOL, TG, LDH, and CK levels, and also caused an increase in lipid peroxidation levels and superoxide dismutase activity, along with a decrease in catalase activity in the heart. A significant alteration in the myocardium was also observed. However, treatment with OLE was found to modulate these oxidative and histological changes, ultimately correcting the deleterious effects induced by the combined exposure to noise and toluene. Therefore, our study suggests that OLE could be a potential preventive measure for individuals exposed to toluene and noise in industrial settings.

Study the effect of olive leaf extract and mango peel extract in treating diabetic disease in mice

The current study aimed to determine the effect of olive leaf extract and mango peel extract on diabetic mice. Diabetes was created in the mice by injecting intravenously alloxan 100 mg/kg. The experimental mice were divided into four groups, where the first group was considered normal controls, while the second group was diabetic control. The third group represents the diabetic group treatment with olive leaf extract 100 mg/kg B.w i.p 5 days and the four groups diabetic group treatment with mango peel extract 100 mg /kg .B.w i.p 5 days. According to the biochemical observations, the levels of serum glucose, there was a significant decrease in serum glucose of the diabetic group under treatment with olive leaf extract lower than blood glucose level for diabetic mice treated with mango peel extract compared with the control group herbal treatment olive leaf extract to diabetic mice helps maintain normal sugar level in the blood. Keywords:- olive leaf, mango peel, diabetic disease.

Cognitive and histopathological effects of olive leaf extract in colchicine-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration in rats

Cognitive and histopathological effects of olive leaf extract in colchicine-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration in rats

Maximising olive oil by‐products

Maximising olive oil by‐products

Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were attenuated by olive leaf extract treatment in a rat model of diabetes.

The key role of fibrosis and hypertrophy processes in developing diabetes-induced heart injury has been demonstrated. Considering the known hypoglycemic effects of olive leaf extract (OLE), we decided to investigate its potential effect and associated mechanisms on cardiac fibrosis and myocardial hypertrophy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Eight groups were included in this study: control, diabetic, diabetic-OLEs (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), diabetic-metformin (300 mg/kg), diabetic-valsartan (30 mg/kg), and diabetic-metformin/valsartan (300/30 mg/kg). After a treatment period of 6 weeks, echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function. Heart-to-body weight ratio (HW/BW) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were measured. Myocardial histology was examined by Masson's trichrome staining. Gene expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), TGF-β1, TGF-β3, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen were evaluated by the quantitative real-time PCR in heart tissue. A reduction in the FBS level and HW/BW ratio in the extract groups was obvious. The improvement of left ventricular dysfunction, cardiac myocytes hypertrophy, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis was also observed in treated groups. A lowering trend in the expression of all hypertrophic and fibrotic indicator genes was evident in the myocardium of OLE treated rats. Our data indicated that OLE could attenuate fibrosis and reduce myocardial hypertrophy markers, thus improving the cardiac function and structure in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates that olive leaf extract in addition to lowering blood glucose levels and the heart-to-body weight ratio (HW/BW) may also improve cardiac function and reduce cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in cardiac tissue, which leads to inhibition of diabetic heart damage. Thus it is possible that including olive leaf extracts in the diets of individuals with diabetes may assist in lowering cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Investigation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of olive leaf extract on colon cancer cells and normal cell lines

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when cells in the mucous layer membrane that surrounds the inner surface of the large intestine sections multiply unevenly. This study aimed to investigate olive leaf extract's cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on HTC-116 colon cancer cell lines and HDF healthy cell lines. In the study, olive leaf extract was prepared in methanol. The passaged HTC-116 and HDF cell lines were then incubated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM). Olive leaf extract extracted in methanol was applied to these cell lines at 3, 10, 20, 50, and 80 µg/ml and left for incubation for 24 hours. Then, the cytotoxic effect was determined by MTT analysis. The genotoxic effect of olive leaf extracts applied to HTC-116 and HDF cell lines after a 24-hour incubation period was determined by Hoechst stain. DNA damage was visualized with a DAPI filter on a camera-attached trinocular fluorescence microscope 30 minutes after staining with Hoechst. The MTT analysis revealed that the cytotoxic effects of olive leaf extract applied to the HTC-116 cell line were close to each group after the 24-hour incubation period. As a result of the examination of the genotoxic activity with Hoechst DNA staining in colon cancer cells (HCT-116), olive leaf extract at various concentrations treated to the cell line had a minor genotoxic effect at low doses (3, 10, and 20 µg/ml), while at high concentrations (50 and 80 µg). /ml), the genotoxic effects of the applications were determined. In examining the genotoxic impact of Hoechst DNA staining in the HDF cell line, no genotoxic effect was observed at low doses (3, 10, and 20 µg/ml) of olive leaf extract applied to the cell line at various doses. The little genotoxic effects of high doses (50 and 80 µg/ml) were also observed. Olive leaf contains phenolic substances and has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, anticarcinogenic and antiviral effects.Keywords: In vitro culture, plant regeneration, callus, hormones.

Enrichment of Doogh with Olive Leaf Extract and Investigation of Its Physicochemical, Microbial, and Sensory Properties during Storage at Room Temperature and Refrigerator

Doogh is a popular Iranian drink with high nutritional value and in recent years has attracted the attention of many consumers. Nowadays, the problems caused by malnutrition and lack of useful compounds with high nutritional value and increasing shelf life are essential in the food industry. This research was performed in Shirin Cheshmeh Dairy Production Company and all experiments were performed in the Food Control Laboratory of the Food and Drug Administration, Guilan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, olive leaf extract was added to doogh at five levels of zero, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2% and stored for 45 days, its physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties at two refrigerators at 2°C and room temperature 25 ° C were evaluated. Sampling was analyzed on days 0, 15, 30, and 45 days in 3 replications with Duncan's statistical analysis. The effect of using different treatments and storage time on most characteristics showed a significant difference. This study showed that the effect of olive leaf extract on the pH, mold, and yeast of the treatments is decreasing and the percentage of acidity and serum volume is increasing. According to the hedonic method, the acceptability of treatment 2 on the 15th day of maintenance was higher. In general, according to the results, it can be said that the production of useful products with plant compounds can promote an effective step to produce and design useful drinks in the consumer market and food industry factories.

Effect of olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) extract addition to broiler diets on the growth performance, breast meat quality, antioxidant capacity and caecal bacterial populations

This study aims to evaluate the effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) on growth performance, breast meat quality, antioxidant capacity and caecal microbiota regulation. OLE containing 51.5% oleuropein, 25.6% polyphenols and 6.2% flavonoids, was designed to different supplement levels ranging from 0.1% OLE (OLE0.1) to 0.5% OLE (OLE0.5) into a basal diet, separately. The whole feeding period lasts for 35 days after 7-day hatching from the egg. 720 1-day-age healthy Arbour Acres male broilers were thus divided into five experimental groups and one control group, consist of 20 broilers per group for six parallel experiments in triplicate. The results showed that the levels of average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily weight gain (ADG) of the broilers were decreased (p < 0.05) after the addition of 0.3% OLE. Moreover, the breast meat shear force was decreased by 34.4% (p < 0.05). The glutathione (GSH) levels in the meat were increased by 76.64% (p < 0.05); the levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were increased by 50.4% and 120%, respectively. And the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the meat were reduced by 34.2% (p < 0.05). Additionally, a decreased intensity of Escherichia coli (p < 0.05) and an increased intensity of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (p < 0.05) were observed. Overall, supplementing 0.3% OLE into daily diet enables enhancing breast meat antioxidation, amplifying the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium as well as diminishing the abundance of E. coli in the caecum. HIGHLIGHTS OLE contains 51.5% oleuropein, 25.6% of TP and 6.2% TF levels. OLE addition at 0.3% lowers shear force and raises the GSH’s level of the meat. OLE causes a decrease in E. coli and an increase in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties of olive leaf extract protect against L-arginine induced chronic pancreatitis in the adult male albino rat.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease affects the pancreas with upcoming fibrosis and notable parenchymal destruction. CP poses a high risk for pancreatic carcinoma. The present study aimed to investigate, for the first time up to our knowledge, the effect of olive leaf extract on L-arginine induced CP with referral to some of its underlying mechanisms. Forty adult male albino rats were divided equally into four groups; control, olive leaf extract treated (200 mg/kg orally once daily), CP group (300 mg L-arginine/100 g body weight intraperitoneally, once daily for 3 weeks then every 3 days for the subsequent 3 weeks), and CP treated with olive leaf extract group. At the end of the experiment, body weight, serum glucose, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum amylase and lipase as well as tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed. Pancreatic tissues were subjected to histological and immuno-histochemical studies. The CP group revealed significant decrease in body weight and increase in serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR score, serum amylase, and serum lipase levels. Significant increase in MDA level and decrease in SOD level were detected. Marked degenerative changes and fibrosis were detected. Upregulation of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), caspase-3, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) immunoreactions were implicated in CP pathogenesis. Olive leaf extract alleviated all the examined parameters via its-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. Olive leaf extract can protect against CP and restore pancreatic functions.