Effect Of Nitrogen Fertigation Research Articles

Effects of nitrogen fertigation on yield, quality components, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of silage maize (Zea Mays L.) as the second crop

Effects of nitrogen (N) fertigation on yield, quality parameters, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of second-crop silage maize (Zea mays L.) under Central Anatolian (Ankara) conditions of Turkey were investigated in this study. Fertigation experiments were conducted under provincial conditions of Ankara during the growing seasons of 2016 and 2017. Five different N doses (0-75-150-225-300 kg ha−1) were applied to experimental plots through fertigation system. Experiments were conducted in randomized blocks design with 4 replications. Class-A pan was used to measure 7-day evaporation values to be used in calculation of the amount of irrigation water to be applied in each irrigation. As the average of two years, amount of irrigation water applied throughout the growing season was measured as 480 mm and seasonal evapotranspiration was measured as 536 mm. Present total fresh yields varied between 49.8 − 104.2 ton ha−1 in 2016 and between 50.9 − 98.5 ton ha−1 in 2017. Present N doses applied through fertigation system had significant effects on green herbage yield, dry matter yield, dry matter ratio, plant height, first cob height, number of cobs, stem thickness, cob diameter, cob length and crude protein (p < 0.01). The relationship between the amount of N fertilizer applied and fresh yield could be expressed with the second-order equation of Y=-0.0016x2+0.5867x + 45.792 (R = 0.9046*, p < 0.05). It was concluded based on present findings that 186 kg ha−1 N application through fertigation system might be sufficient for optimum economic yield (99.6 ton ha−1) and forage quality of silage maize as the second crop.

질소관비 수준이 래빗아이 블루베리 &amp;#8216;브라이트웰&amp;#8217;의 생장과 양분흡수에 미치는 영향

블루베리의 주요 품종군은 북부형(Vaccinium corymbosum L.), 남부형(Vaccinium corymbosum hybrid)하이부쉬 블루베리와 래빗아이 블루베리(Vaccinium ashei Reade)로 나뉜다. 이들 품종군은 공통 적으로 배수성이 좋은 산성토양과 뿌리털이 없는 천근성 뿌리구조로, 보비력과 양분이용이 매우 취약한 환경을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 시비효율성 증대를 위하여 래빗아이 블루베리의 생육특성에 미 치는 관비효과를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 시험장소는 경남 남해에 소재한 국립원예특작 과학원 남해출 장소 시설포장에서, 2013년 4년생 ‘Brightwell’(V.ashei Reade)레빗아이 블루베리 품종을 완숙유기물(피 트모스) 30%(v/v)혼합된 토양에 재식하여 수행하였다. 시비는 오레곤 주립대학에서 제공하는 표준시비 량 14g plant -1 의 관행시비와 4수준의 관비를 처리하여 양분흡수량과 수체생육 그리고 과실특성을 조사 하였다. 시비방법에 따른 수체생육과 과실생산량은 관비시비가 효과적이었으며, 관비수준별 시비효과는 표준시비량의 50%처리가 가장 효과적이었다. 처리별 엽중 질소함량은 표준시비량의 50% 관비처리가 14.4g kg -1 으로 가장 높았으나, 200% 관비구는 11.5 g kg -1 으로 가장 낮았다. 처리별 엽중 인산함량은 유의차가 나타나지 않았으나, 칼리와 칼슘 그리고 마그네슘함량은 표준시비량의 50%관비처리에서 가장 높았으며, 시비량의 증가는 엽중 무기성분 함량을 낮추는 경향을 나타냈다. 처리별 수관면적은 관행시 비가 4.86 m 3 으로 가장 낮은 수준을 보였으며, 50% 관비처리가 9.61 m 3 로 가장 높았다. 이와같이 50% 관비처리의 높은 시비효과는 각각 3,650 g plant과 12,849 g plant을 나타낸 건물중과 과실생산량에서 도 유사한 경향이었다. 한편 시비방법과 관비수준에 따른 과실의 안토시아닌과 당 그리고 산함량 등 과 실품질은 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다.

Effect of nitrogen fertigation on yield and fruit quality of low chilling peaches under subtropical conditions of Himachal Pradesh

Experiment was conducted to standardize the rate of nitrogen fertigation in peach under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Four N fertigation treatments were applied through drip to peach plants for two consecutive years during 2011 and 2012 and one recommended dose was added as soil application for control. The plants receiving higher (Full dose and 2/3rd dose) doses of N through fertigation were found to have significantly higher vegetative growth, fruit weight, fruit diameter and total yield as compared to lower rates (half and 1/3rd dose) of fertigation and soil application. Among the cultivars, Early Grande produced fruits with maximum weight (72.40g) and length (46.76 mm), although the total yield was highest (25.22 kg/plant) in Partap owing to the higher number of fruits. The fertilizer use efficiency was highest (118.83 kg/plant/kg) in treatment T4 (1/3 rd dose of N through drip).

Effect of nitrogen fertigation on yield and fruit quality of peach (Prunus persicaL.) under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh

An experiment was conducted during two consecutive years of 2011 and 2012 to standardize the rate of nitrogen fertigation in peach (Prunus persica L.) under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Four N fertigation treatments through drip and one recommended dose of N (RDN) as soil application (control) were applied to peach plants. The plants receiving higher doses of nitrogen through fertigation (full RDN and 2/3rd RDN) were recorded significantly higher vegetative growth, fruit weight, fruit diameter and fruit yield as compared to lower rates of fertigation and soil application. Among the cultivars, ‘Early Grande’ produced fruits with maximum weight (72.40 g) and length (46.76 mm), although the total fruit yield was highest (25.22 kg plant−1) in ‘Partap’ owing to the higher number of fruits plant−1. The fertilizer use efficiency was highest under treatment T4 (1/3rd RDN through drip), whereas it was lowest in plants receiving full N through soil application in all the peach cultivars.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertigation on First-year Pecan Seedling Growth

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seedling rootstocks require several years of growth in the nursery before they are large enough to graft. In this experiment, first-year pecan seedlings were fertigated with varying amounts of calcium nitrate in an attempt to stimulate growth rates. Pecan seedlings were fertigated every 2 weeks from May through October for a total of 10 applications. Total amounts of nitrogen (N) applied by fertigation were 0, 4, 10, 20, and 40 g of N per seedling. Leaf samples were taken after the fourth and tenth fertigations, and leaf elemental concentration was affected by fertigation rates. Seedling height and caliper were measured monthly. Seedling caliper continued to increase throughout the experiment, whereas height increase stopped in September. Seedling height and caliper were unaffected by N fertigation except for the N rate of 40 g, which suppressed seedling growth. These results suggest that the N needs of the seedlings were met by a preplant application of 50 lb/acre N applied as 10N–4.4P–8.3K.

(130) Effects of Nitrogen Fertigation on First-year Pecan Seedling Growth

Pecan seedling rootstocks require several years of growth in the nursery before they are large enough to graft. In this experiment, first-year pecan seedlings were fertigated with varying amounts of calcium nitrate to stimulate growth rates. Pecan seedlings were fertigated every 2 weeks from May through October for a total of 10 applications. Total amounts of nitrogen (N) applied by fertigation were 0, 4, 10, 20, and 40 g of N per seedling. Leaf samples were taken after the fourth and 10th fertigation, and leaf elemental concentration was affected by fertigation rates. Seedling height and caliper were measured monthly. Seedling caliper continued to increase throughout the experiment, while height increase stopped in September. Seedling height and caliper were not affected by N fertigation except for the N rate of 40 g, which suppressed seedling growth. These results suggest that the nitrogen needs of the seedlings were met by a preplant application of 56 kg·ha-1 N applied as 10N–10P–10K.

Effects of nitrogen fertigation on fruit yield and quality of young `French' prune trees

SummaryIn 1991, a 3.6 ha plot was established to determine the effects of urea fertigation via drip emitters on growth responses and yield of young `French' prune trees. Urea N (UN32) was applied annually beginning in 1992 and continuing through 1996 at 0 (control), 0.11, 0.23, and 0.45 kg actual N per tree as biweekly applications with one-tenth of the total amount per application from May until September. An additional annual treatment delivered 0.06 kg N per tree if July analysis of leaf N showed 2.3% or lower total N. Fruit yield, number of fruit per kilogram, drying ratio (fresh fruit mass per dry fruit mass), tree growth (trunk cross-sectional area and mass of pruned shoots), leaf N concentration, and soil nitrate content were assessed as a function of treatment. Dry yields per tree were increased by N treatments compared with the control in 1994 and 1996 and when averaged over three years. Fruit size and drying ratio were not affected by N treatments during any year. Where no N was applied, there was an increased incidence of bacterial canker, while in plots where 0.11 or more kg N per tree was applied, virtually no bacterial canker symptoms appeared. Use of leaf analysis to indicate need and timing of N application improved tree performance, but annual rates of 0.11 to 0.23 kg N per tree should be applied in several increments before tree leaf N reaches or falls below a level near 2.3%. Nitrogen at 0.45 kg per tree applied yearly did not improve yield significantly over lower rates. Furthermore, tree growth during establishment was not accelerated by the 0.45 kg rate and the risk of nitrate leaching was increased. Based on these results, annual fertigation of 2–5 year old `French' prune trees with 0.11 to 0.23 kg N per tree is a sufficient amount of N to provide for good fruit yields, tree growth and orchard health, and minimize N leaching into groundwater.