Effects Of Nitrogen Application Time Research Articles

Effect of Nitrogen Application Timing on Yield Components, Fodder, Grain, and Oil Yields of Brassica Cultivars

ABSTRACTThe dual-purpose use of Brassica cultivars means cutting or grazing the crop as fodder and then letting it to re-grow and produce grain with little or no yield penalty. A field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement with three replications. Three Brassica cultivars, three nitrogen application timing, and cutting treatments were included in the experiment. The findings indicated that Brassica cultivar Abasin-95 produced higher fresh and dry fodder yields, seeds pod−1, seed, biological, and oil yields. However, NIFA Raya resulted in a higher number of pods and branches plant−1. Likewise, fresh and dry fodder yields were higher with nitrogen (N) application all at sowing. Nitrogen applied in two splits resulted in a higher number of pods plant−1 and grain yield. Cutting suppressed all parameters except 1000 grain weight. Uncut plots produced significantly higher branches plant−1, pods plant−1, seeds pod−1, seed, biological, and oil yields than cut plots.

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN APPLICATION RATE ON THE YIELD, QUALITY, AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO, PART II: APPLICATION METHOD

Research was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine the effect of nitrogen application timing and method on the yield, quality, and leaf chemistry of flue-cured tobacco. Liquid urea–ammonium–nitrate supplied 100% of the total nitrogen and was applied in differing combinations of rates, timings, and methods. Nitrogen rates above, at, and below recommendation for specific locations were split into two, three, or four application timings depending on treatment. Nitrogen application was initiated at transplanting and concluded before or at topping. Applications of nitrogen were either soil applied at each interval or were soil applied until topping where application occurred over top to promote stalk rundown. Leaf tissue samples were collected at layby and topping to evaluate total nitrogen content throughout the growing season. Composite cured leaf tissue samples from all four stalk positions were analyzed for total alkaloid and reducing-sugar content. Yield data were collected and leaf quality was determin...

Effect of Nitrogen Application Timing on Growth, Grain Yield and Eating Quality of the KD18 and TH3-3 Rice Varieties

Effect of Nitrogen Application Timing on Growth, Grain Yield and Eating Quality of the KD18 and TH3-3 Rice Varieties

Effect of Nitrogen Application Timing and Cutting Treatments on Phenology and Leaf Area of Three Brassica Cultivars

Brassica has potential as a grain and grazing option for mixed farming operations. The objectives of this experiment were to determine suitable nitrogen (N) application timing and Brassica cultivar for use as a dual-purpose crop. The field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of the Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan, during winter 2009–2010 in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement. The experiment consisted of three cultivars, three N application timings, and cutting treatments. Plant height and leaf area were greater at two and three split N applications. Likewise, leaf area was greater for N when applied in two split applications. Brassica cultivar Abasin-95 quickly emerged and attained more leaf area and leaf area index when compared to NIFA Raya and Dure-e-NIFA. Abasin-95 and Dure-e-NIFA took fewer days to mature when compared to NIFA Raya. NIFA Raya produced taller plants. Cutting significantly affected all parameters except days to maturity. Early flowering, taller plants, and greater leaf number, area, and leaf area index were noted for no-cut plots when compared to cut plots.

Effect of nitrogen application timing on dry matter and nitrogen assimilation and partitioning in six wheat cultivars under rain-fed conditions of Jordan

The current study was implemented to assess the effect of nitrogen (N) timing application and cultivars and their interaction on grain yield, and the amount of pre-anthesis dry matter (DM) and N accumulation as well as the remobilization of the assimilates to sink (i.e. grain) under rain-fed conditions of West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region. The treatments comprised of six wheat cultivars and two methods of N application timing (single and split N application). Nitrogen was applied at a rate of 40 kg N ha−1 (the recommended rate in Jordan) as diamonumphosphate (DAP) just before planting (i.e. single N application) or 20 kg ha−1 before planting as DAP plus 20 kg ha−1 top dressed at early boot stage as urea (i.e. split N application). The results suggest that single N application was relatively better than split N application in improving DM accumulation in vegetative parts at anthesis and maturity stages, grain and biological yield and N translocation efficiency (NTE). Cultivar NTE ranged from 73–80%, and the contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to grain from 26–63%, indicating the importance of pre-anthesis accumulated assimilates for attaining high yield under semi-arid rain-fed-conditions of WANA region.

Effects of Nitrogen Application Time on Caryopsis Development and Grain Quality of Rice Variety Yangdao 6

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application time (during the tillering or the booting stages) with the same nitrogen rates on the caryopsis development and grain quality of rice variety Yangdao 6. The increased nitrogen fertilizer (urea), especially applied during the booting stage, could evidently increase the milled rice rate, head rice rate and protein content in rice grains compared with the control (no nitrogen application), and decrease chalky grain rate and amylose content. Moreover, the increased nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected the caryopsis development and enhanced the grain weight when nitrogen applied during the tillering and the booting stages, especially during the booting stage. During caryopsis development the increased nitrogen fertilizer applied during the tillering and booting stages could obviously decrease the total starch and amylose contents, but not obviously for the amylopectin content in rice grain. Increased topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer, especially applied during the booting stage, had significant effect on the development and structures of amyloplasts and proteinoplasts. That is, it could change the distribution, number and shape of amyloplasts and proteinoplasts in the endosperm cells especially in grain abdomen. Compared with the control the arrangements of amyloplasts and proteinoplasts were closer, with more numbers, higher density and less interspaces each ohter. Furthermore, most amyloplasts showed polyhedron under the increased nitrogen fertilizer level.

Effect of Nitrogen Application Timing on N Uptake byVitis labruscain a Short-Season Region

Fertilizer nitrogen (N) was applied to <i>Vitis labrusca</i> L. cvs. Niagara and Concord grapevines in Michigan at various times to determine its effect on soil N levels and fertilizer N recovery in vine tissues. Labeled ammonium nitrate (¹⁵NH₄¹⁵NO₃) was applied to the soil beneath vines at a rate of 68 kg N/ha at different times between budbreak and six weeks after bloom. Soil was sampled at one-to two-week intervals after the fertilizer applications to follow the inorganic soil N dynamics. Vines were excavated at the time of commercial grape harvest to quantify fertilizer N recovery. All times of fertilizer application resulted in less than 20% uptake of the N applied. Vines fertilized at budbreak generally contained less fertilizer N and allocated a greater fraction of the fertilizer N to fruit and leaves than later times of application. Vines fertilized later in the season absorbed more fertilizer N and allocated more of it and total N to the roots than earlier times of application. Later applications resulted in more fertilizer N remaining in the top 90 cm of soil at the end of the season. Based on these findings, N application to vineyards in this short-season region was more efficient between bloom and six weeks after bloom than at budbreak.

Nitrogen Application Timing Effects on Nitrogen Efficiency of Dry‐Seeded Rice

AbstractOptimum N application timing contributes significantly to successful rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. In many areas of the southern U.S. Rice Belt, where rice is produced in a dry‐seeded, delayed‐flood system, optimum fertilizer timing has traditionally been achieved by applying 50 to 65% of the total N required onto dry soil immediately prior to establishing the permanent flood and the remainder in one or two applications near the beginning of reproductive growth. Field studies were conducted during 1992 and 1993 at two locations to evaluate the optimum timing for midseason N applications. ‘Laccassine’ rice was grown in microplots (0.58 m2) established with galvanized steel collars. Nonlabeled urea was applied at the four‐ to five‐leaf growth stage at rates of 0, 67.2, and 134.4 kg N ha‐1 just prior to flooding. Nitrogen‐15 labeled urea was applied at midseason at a total rate of 67.2 kg N ha‐1 in four different treatments: (i) 67.2 kg ha‐1 at panicle initiation (PI) (PI‐1), (ii) 67.2 kg ha‐1 at panicle differentiation (PD) (PD‐1), (iii) 33.6 kg ha‐1 each at PI and PI + 10 d (PI‐2), and (iv) 33.6 kg ha‐1 each at PD and PD + 10 d (PD‐2), in addition to a zero‐N treatment. Plant samples were collected to measure total dry matter, fertilizer and total N uptake, and grain yields. Fertilizer N uptake was not affected by midseason N application timing during 1992 and was only slightly affected during 1993. Increasing the pre‐flood N rate significantly increased midseason fertilizer N uptake efficiency, total N uptake, total dry matter accumulation, and grain. Midseason N applications increased total dry matter accumulation, total N uptake, and grain yields compared with no midseason N at one location, but were minimally influenced at the other location. Results suggest that no real advantage is gained from split application of midseason N compared with a single application at midseason and that it can be made from PI to PD growth stage.

Effects of Nitrogen Application Time on Ear Components of Maize

AbstractPot and field experiments were conducted with two varieties of maize to study the effects of nitrogen applied in different doses. The total amount of N applied was same in all variants of one experiment. The development of maize plants varied due to variety and N‐doses. In pot experiment no N application before sowing or in the begin of the ear differentiation reduced total number of spikelets, spikelet rows/ear, length of ear, kernel yield as well as plant height. In field experiments an amount of 30 kg N/ha in the begin of ear formation was sufficient for maximum increase in almost all yield characteristics. Higher doses than that were not effective to promote these parameters further.

The effect of nitrogen application time on Calrose rice growth and yield in south-eastern Australia

The effects of nitrogen application time on growth and yield of rice cv. Calrose were studied in a series of three experiments between 1976 and 1980. In one experiment, in which a combine-sown rice crop received three flood irrigations prior to permanent flood, rice plant growth and grain yield were increased significantly by reducing the interval between fertilization and permanent flood. The poor response to fertilization several irrigations prior to permanent flood was attributed to nitrogen losses following sequences of nitrification and denitrification. Maximum grain yield usually occurred when fertilizer was applied at permanent flood (average of three experiments, 860 g/m2 (8.6 t/ha). Fertilization at tiliering had little effect on crop response; average yield was 8.0t/ha, while unfertilized plots yielded 7.4 t/ha. In all experiments fertilization during the period 0- 10 days after panicle elongation resulted in very rapid nitrogen uptake, leading to an average grain yield (8.3 t/ha) which approached that obtained from plots topdressed at permanent flood. Fertilization more than 14 days after panicle elongation did not significantly increase yield.