Effects Of Multiple Variables Research Articles

Humoral immune response and safety of Sars-Cov-2 vaccine in people with multiple sclerosis

BackgroundFor the past three years, the pandemic has had a major effect on global public health, mainly on those with underlying medical conditions, such as people living with Multiple Sclerosis. Vaccination among this group is of great importance, and the long-term impacts of vaccination and its safety on the health of these patients will continue to be revealed. Therefore, risks related to vaccination and immune response need to be assessed. The objective here was to characterize the immune response, short-term safety, and the effects of multiple variables on these factors after COVID-19 vaccination (mainly Sinopharm) among people with Multiple Sclerosis. We assessed the short-term safety and humoral SARS-COV-2 anti-RBD IgG response using a data collection form and Immunoassay, respectively.ResultsNo severe adverse events or MS relapse was observed. Myalgia/body pain (26.7%), low-grade fever (22.2%), and mild headache (15.6%) were the most common adverse events. The use and type of vaccine influenced the frequency of side effects with a p-value < 0.0001. Regarding immune response, patients on rituximab and fingolimod had a lower antibody titer compared to other medications. With a significant difference, hybrid immunity (p-value: 0.047) and type of DMTs (p-value: 0.017) affected the humoral response.ConclusionThere is a low incidence of serious adverse effects, MS worsening or relapse after COVID-19 vaccination, and mainly, side effects are similar to that of the general population. It appears that treatment with various disease-modifying therapies does not induce or worsen the post-vaccination side effects, although some, including Rituximab and fingolimod, may affect the immunity induced after vaccination.

Short-Term Forecasting Based on Graph Convolution Networks and Multiresolution Convolution Neural Networks for Wind Power

Accurate prediction of wind power generation is of great significance for the efficient operation of wind farms. However, traditional deep learning-based methods predict the wind power without simultaneously considering the temporal features of wind power and spatial features between variables, which leads to low prediction accuracy. This article proposes a novel wind power forecasting approach based on a graph convolution network (GCN) and a multiresolution convolution neural network (CNN), combining spatial features and temporal features. In this approach, GCN merged with maximum information coefficient (MIC) is proposed to extract the spatial correlation features between input variables, which considers the effects of multiple variables on wind power and provides interpretability for deep learning-based forecasting. On the other hand, multiresolution CNN combines multiscale convolution kernels with a new self-attention mechanism to understand local and long-term temporal features, which enables simultaneous prediction of wind power and other variables. Experiments on a real dataset prove that the proposed method is effective and accurate in short-term wind power forecasting. Comparisons with the other three state-of-the-art methods and ablation experiments also reveal the advantages of the proposed approach.

Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonisation of Waste Biomass: The Effect of Process Conditions on Hydrochar Properties

Hydrochars are an alternative form of biochar produced by hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC), a potentially cheaper and greener method. In this paper, the effect of multiple variables on hydrochar properties was investigated. Waste biomass was converted to hydrochar via microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonisation. The variables were temperature, solution ratio (water-biomass ratio), time, particle size, pH and acetone washing. The measured properties were yield, carbon, oxygen and ash content, higher heating value (HHV), carbon and energy recovery and dye and water adsorption. Feedstock significance was investigated using apple, wheat, barley, oat and pea straw. The investigation into this specific combination of variables and feedstock has not been done before. HTC increased carbon content (~60%), HHV (~24 MJ/kg) and water adsorption and reduced oxygen content and dye adsorption. Thermal analysis suggested hydrochars were not suitable for sequestration. Decreasing the solution ratio was the most significant factor in increasing yield, carbon recovery and energy yield. Increasing the temperature was the most significant factor in increasing carbon and decreasing oxygen content. This affected HHV, with higher temperatures producing a higher energy material, surpassing brown coal. Hydrochars produced at a high solution ratio, temperature and times showed the best carbonisation. Smaller particle size increased yield and carbonisation but increased ash content. Low solution pH increased carbon content, HHV and water adsorption but lowered yield, carbon recovery, energy yield, dye adsorption and oxygen and ash content. High pH increased ash content and dye adsorption but lowered yield, carbon recovery, energy yield and dye adsorption. Acetone decreased yield, carbon recovery, energy yield, carbon content and HHV but increased oxygen, ash content and dye and water adsorption. Barley biomass showed the highest yield and carbon recovery, and pea showed the highest energy yield and HHV. Apple showed the highest carbon content. All the hydrochars showed promise as solid fuels, a soil additive and a precursor for activated carbon but lacked high adsorption for pollutant adsorbents and stability for carbon sequestration.

Kinetics of the Direct DME Synthesis: State of the Art and Comprehensive Comparison of Semi-Mechanistic, Data-Based and Hybrid Modeling Approaches

Hybrid kinetic models represent a promising alternative to describe and evaluate the effect of multiple variables in the performance of complex chemical processes, since they combine system knowledge and extrapolability of the (semi-)mechanistic models in a wide range of reaction conditions with the adaptability and fast convergence of data-based approaches (e.g., artificial neural networks—ANNs). For the first time, a hybrid kinetic model for the direct DME synthesis was developed consisting of a reactor model, i.e., balance equations, and an ANN for the reaction kinetics. The accuracy, computational time, interpolation and extrapolation ability of the new hybrid model were compared to those of a lumped and a data-based model with the same validity range, using both simulations and experiments. The convergence of parameter estimation and simulations with the hybrid model is much faster than with the lumped model, and the predictions show a greater degree of accuracy within the models’ validity range. A satisfactory dimension and range extrapolation was reached when the extrapolated variable was included in the knowledge module of the model. This feature is particularly dependent on the network architecture and phenomena covered by the underlying model, and less on the experimental conditions evaluated during model development.

Nutritional status and quality of life in diabetic patients on hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study from Palestine

BackgroundEnd-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Malnutrition is a common problem among hemodialysis (HD) patients that negatively impacts their prognosis and is linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality in these patients, as well as a decrease in their quality of life (QOL). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the QOL and to investigate factors that can influence it, including nutritional status, as well as socio-demographic factors, among Palestinian diabetic patients on HD therapy.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that occurred at a large hemodialysis center in Palestine. Malnutrition was assessed by the malnutrition-inflammation scale (MIS), and the quality of life was evaluated by using the EuroQoL five-dimensional instrument (EQ-5D). Multivariable linear regression analysis was carried out to look at the effect of multiple variables on QOL.ResultsA total of 118 diabetic patients on HD were included. Of these, 66.9% were male, and 60.2% were aged 60 years or higher. Having multiple comorbid diseases (p=0.004) and having been on HD for >4 years (p=0.003) were significantly associated with a higher MIS score, whereas living alone (p=0.037) and having been on HD for >4 years (p=0.002) was significantly associated with lower EQ-5D score. We also observed a significant association between the MIS score and the EQ-5D score(r=−0.616, p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that diabetic hemodialysis patients who lived within a family household were positively correlated with the QOL score (standardized coefficient, 0.178; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.042 to 0.372; p = 0.015), and MIS score was significantly and negatively correlated with QOL scores (standardized coefficient, −0.587; 95% CI, −0.047 to −0.028; p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe found that malnutrition was associated with a lower QOL score among diabetic patients on HD. We recommend general practitioners, dietitians, nephrologists, and nurses to make plans that pay more attention to this group of patients who show evidence of malnutrition. Patients on dialysis for ≥ 4 years, patients who live alone, and those suffering from multiple co-morbid diseases should receive special care due to their higher risk of being impacted by this problem.

Risk factors influencing fracture characteristics in postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures around cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty : a multicentre observational cohort study on 584 fractures.

AimsThis study evaluates risk factors influencing fracture characteristics for postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) around cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty.MethodsData were collected for PFF patients admitted to eight UK centres between 25 May 2006 and 1 March 2020. Radiographs were assessed for Unified Classification System (UCS) grade and AO/OTA type. Statistical comparisons investigated relationships by age, gender, and stem fixation philosophy (polished taper-slip (PTS) vs composite beam (CB)). The effect of multiple variables was estimated using multinomial logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Surgical treatment (revision vs fixation) was compared by UCS grade and AO/OTA type.ResultsA total of 584 cases were included. Median age was 79.1 years (interquartile range 72.0 to 86.0), 312 (53.6%) patients were female, and 495 (85.1%) stems were PTS. The commonest UCS grade was type B1 (278, 47.6%). The most common AO/OTA type was spiral (352, 60.3%). Metaphyseal split fractures occurred only with PTS stems with an incidence of 10.1%. Male sex was associated with a five-fold reduction in odds of a type C fracture (OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.41); p < 0.001) compared to a type B fracture. CB stems were associated with significantly increased odds of transverse fracture (OR 9.51 (95% CI 3.72 to 24.34); p < 0.001) and wedge fracture (OR 3.72 (95% CI 1.16 to 11.95); p = 0.027) compared to PTS stems. Both UCS grade and AO/OTA type differed significantly (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) between the revision and fixation groups but a similar proportion of B1 fractures underwent revision compared to fixation (45.3% vs 50.6%).ConclusionThe commonest fracture types are B1 and spiral fractures. PTS stems are exclusively associated with metaphyseal split fractures, but their incidence is low. Males have lower odds of UCS grade C fractures compared to females. CB stems have higher odds of bending type fractures (transverse and wedge) compared to PTS stems. There is considerable variation in practice when treating B1 fractures around cemented stems.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):466–475.

스포츠팬 성향에 따른 다중 변인 효과 탐색 : 보수-진보, 메시지 프레이밍 및 팬십

스포츠팬 성향에 따른 다중 변인 효과 탐색 : 보수-진보, 메시지 프레이밍 및 팬십

Schizophrenia and the retina: Towards a 2020 perspective

BackgroundDifferences between people with schizophrenia and psychiatrically healthy controls have been consistently demonstrated on measures of retinal function such as electroretinography (ERG), and measures of retinal structure such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). Since our 2015 review of this literature, multiple new studies have been published using these techniques. At the same time, the accumulation of data has highlighted the “fault lines” in these fields, suggesting methodological considerations that need greater attention in future studies. MethodsWe reviewed studies of ERG and OCT in schizophrenia, as well as data from studies whose findings are relevant to interpreting these papers, such as those on effects of the following on ERG and OCT data: comorbid medical conditions that are over-represented in schizophrenia, smoking, antipsychotic medication, substance abuse, sex and gender, obesity, attention, motivation, and influences of brain activity on retinal function. ResultsRecent ERG and OCT studies continue to support the hypothesis of retinal structural and functional abnormalities in schizophrenia, and suggest that these are relevant to understanding broader aspects of pathophysiology, neurodevelopment, and neurodegeneration in this disorder. However, there are differences in findings which suggest that the effects of multiple variables on ERG and OCT data need further clarification. ConclusionsThe retina, as the only component of the CNS that can be imaged directly in live humans, has potential to clarify important aspects of schizophrenia. With greater attention to specific methodological issues, the true potential of ERG and OCT as biomarkers for important clinical phenomena in schizophrenia should become apparent.

High-Quality Input Choice under Uncertainty and Ambiguity: An Exploratory Study of Costa Rica's Coffee Sector

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of multiple variables on the decision to invest in high versus regular-quality coffee production inputs. Thereby, a laboratory experiment was conducted with one hundred twenty-three undergraduate students, and posterior logistic regressions with random intercept were executed to analyze the collected data. The results showed that when there is a difference in the investment cost between a coffee of higher quality and a coffee of lower quality (regular), there is a slight increase in the odds ratio of investment in quality coffee, when going from an uncertainty condition of income to one with certainty in income of a higher quality coffee. On the other hand, when the cost is equal for both types of coffee, there is a strong increase in the odds ratio when going from an uncertainty condition to one with certainty. In addition, it was found that both the possibility of loss if there is an investment in a higher quality coffee and the ambiguity in the probability of facing a favorable business climate, reduce the odds ratio of investing in higher-quality coffee.

A REVIEW ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS OF VOCATIONAL COLLEGES IN TERMS OF CERTAIN FACTORS: SAMPLE OF TURKEY

Purpose: This study aims to identify the effect of factors including homework assignment given within semesters, class attendance and the type of high school graduated on vocational college students’ academic achievements in the Corporate Accounting course. Design/methodology/approach : In order to determine the sample’ understanding level on the topic of stock corporations which is a subtopic in Corporate Accounting course, a test consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions was prepared by the researchers. The reliability of the test was determined as 0.84 by using the formula “KR-20”. Causal - comparative research design was used in scope of the study. The data obtained was analyzed by using independent samples t-test, ANOVA and regression. Findings: Upon the analyses carried out, it was found out that academic achievement varies depending on the homework assignment given within the period and class attendance hours of the student. When the joint effect of the factors on academic achievement was examined, it was seen that only the homework assignment factor has a significant effect. Research limitations/implications: This study only examined the Corporate Accounting course which is studied by the students of Accounting and Tax Applications Department in one vocational college in Turkey. In this study, used variables that are thought to be related with the academic achievement and on which unbiased data can be collected were preferred. Originality/Value: In the studies so far, the effects of the related variables on academic achievement have been examined one by one. This study determines the common effect of multiple variables used in this study called homework assignment, class attendance and the type of high school graduated on academic achievement. In this way, it will be possible to learn the variables that are more influential on academic achievement within a single study. Article visualizations:

A comparison of nutritional intake and daily physical activity of girls aged 8-11\xa0years old in Makkah, Saudi Arabia according to weight status

BackgroundObesity rates in Saudi Arabia are amongst the highest in the world. It is known that teenage girls are less active than teenage boys, but less is known about the diet and activity patterns in younger girls. Therefore this study sought to investigate dietary intake and daily physical activity in girls aged 8-11 years old in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis was a cross- sectional observational study conducted in seven schools across the city of Makkah. A total of 266 girls had anthropometric measurements taken including height, weight, waist circumference and body fat estimations. Dietary assessment using a 4 day unweighed diet diary was undertaken in 136 of these participants, and 134 agreed to monitor their physical activity for the 4 days using an accelerometer. After exclusion for under-reporting, 109 remained in the dietary analysis and 78 in the physical activity analyses. Differences in means between BMI groups were determined using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to look at the effect of multiple variables on body weight.ResultsA total of 30% of participants were classified obese or overweight. There was a significant difference in the mean daily energy intake between the BMI groups with the obese group having the highest energy, fat, carbohydrate and protein intake (obese group: 2677 ± 804 kcal/d; healthy weight group: 1806 ± 403 kcal/d, p < 0.001), but the percentage contribution of the macronutrients to energy intake remained the same across the BMI groups. There were no differences in number of steps taken per day or time spent in moderate to vigorous intensity exercise according to BMI category. Most of the girls did not meet daily physical activity guidelines (5969 to 6773 steps per day and 18.5 - 22.5 mins per day of moderate to vigorous activity). Multiple linear regression showed that energy intake positively predicted body weight (Beta = 0.279, p =0 .001), whereas, total energy expenditure per kg of body weight and family income had a significant negative influence on body weight (Beta = −0.661, p < 0.001; −0.131, p = 0.028 respectively).ConclusionsThe results of this cross sectional analysis suggest that obesity in girls aged 8-11 years is linked to excessive energy intake from all macronutrients and the majority of girls in all weight categories are inactive. Research should be conducted to further investigate causal relationships in longitudinal studies and develop interventions to promote dietary change and activity that is culturally acceptable for girls in Saudi Arabia.

Variation partitioning of benthic diatom community matrices: Effects of multiple variables on benthic diatom communities in an Austral temperate river system

This study explores diatom community dynamics in a highly modified semi-arid temperate region river system characterised by inconsistent river flow. Various water and sediment environmental variables were assessed using a multi-faceted analysis approach to determine the spatio-temporal drivers of benthic diatom communities in the river system. Overall, the diatom community was generally dominated by pollution tolerant species, reflecting the anthropogenic intensity and activities on the river system. Diatom community composition was found to be largely determined by water column chemistry variables particularly nutrient concentrations in comparison to sediment chemistry and physical variables. Strong seasonal diatom species composition was also observed and this was driven by strong seasonal variations in nutrient loads and metal concentrations, a result of the variable water flow across the two seasons. However, the greater temporal variation in communities was observed in the smaller systems with the mainstream river system being more homogenous over time. In addition, diatom community composition and environmental variables were found to be different and more pronounced between streams and mainstream sites, than between canals and streams. The study highlights the complex interaction between water column, sediment and physical variables in determining the diatom species composition in small river systems. It also highlights the importance of river flow inconsistency as an indirect variable that alters primary drivers such as nutrient concentrations in the water column and heavy metal levels in the sediment.

The psychology of anomalous experiences: A rediscovery.

This essay presents the rationale to consider anomalous experiences (AEs, such as synesthesia, lucid dreaming, hallucinations, psi-related experiences, and near-death experiences) as an essential topic in psychology. These experiences depart from the typical or customary characteristics of consciousness (e.g., out-of-body experiences), or from ordinary or normative consciousness (e.g., synesthesia), and sometimes offer an alternative perspective to the nature of self and reality. We review the concept of AEs, methodological issues, and research findings, including their relation to individual differences, psychopathology, culture, and positive psychology. We suggest that mainstream psychology has neglected the study of AEs far too long, although they often engender profound and sometimes highly positive personal and social consequences, and provide valuable insights into the full range of human experience. We propose that the time is ripe to advance the scientific interest in AEs and subject them to rigorous empirical examination in studies that explore their prevalence, phenomenology, and sequelae, and take into account the direct and interactive effects of multiple variables (e.g., genetic predisposition, psychophysiology, personality differences, sociocultural factors). This will extend the purview of inquiry and understanding of our uniquely human nature and potential. (Less)

MoM cutoffs for variables, an important tool for multivariate analysis and accurate interpretation of preeclampsia risk in high-risk pregnancy at 11–13+6 weeks gestation

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of preeclampsia (PE) screening test offered in early pregnancy for the prediction of the risks for early-onset (requiring delivery <32 weeks gestation) and late-onset (requiring delivery ≥32 weeks gestation) disease. Methods: In a retrospective study of 615 women with singleton pregnancy, the risk for PE was calculated by the combined effect of multiple variables: serum placental growth factor (PLGF) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), maternal age, parity, ethnicity, mean arterial pressure (MAP), body mass index (BMI), uterine artery-pulsatility index, and previous history of PE or hypertension (HT). The results of the screening test in three different groups of women were validated by pregnancy outcome: (i) control group – without any history of PE/HT; (ii) history of PE without HT; and (iii) history of HT without PE. The performance of the screening test was evaluated for early- and late-onset PE. Results: The multivariate screening effectively identified cases of PE with >97% specificity. The detection rate (DR) was 93.8% for late-onset PE at a false positive rate (FPR) of 2.3% and 44.4% for early-onset PE at an FPR of 0.0%. The incidence of PE was 7% overall, with 1.52% and 5.43% for early- and late-onset PE, respectively. Conclusion: The study demonstrated 96.6% diagnostic accuracy of the multi-variable screening test to predict the risk of PE in the first trimester. The negative predictive value (>98%) reinforces the utility of cost-effective noninvasive screening test for the early detection of PE.Abbreviations: PLGF: Placental growth factor; PAPP-A: Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A; free β-HCG: Free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin; BMI: Body mass index; MAP: Mean arterial blood pressure; Ut-PI: Mean uterine artery pressure (left and right uterine artery)-pulsatility index; MoM: Multiple of median; NICE: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

Fall risk factors analysis based on sample entropy of plantar kinematic signal during stance phase.

Falls are a multi-causal phenomenon with a complex interaction. The aim of our research is to study the effect of multiple variables for potential risk of falls and construct an elderly fall risk assessment model based on demographics data and gait characteristics. A total of 101 subjects, whom belong to Malianwa Street, aged above 50 years old and participated in questionnaire survey. Participants were classified into three groups (high, medium and low risk group) according to the score of elderly fall risk assessment scale. In addition, the data of ground reaction force (GRF) and ground reaction moment (GRM) was record when they performed walking at comfortable state. The demographic variables, sample entropy of GRF and GRM, and impulse difference of bilateral foot were considered as potential explanatory variables of risk assessment model. Firstly, we investigated whether different groups could present difference in every variable. Statistical differences were found for the following variables: age (p=2.28e-05); impulse difference (p=0.02036); sample entropy of GRF in vertical direction (p=0.0144); sample entropy of GRM in anterior-posterior direction (p=0.0387). Finally, the multiple regression analysis results indicated that age, impulse difference and sample entropy of resultant GRM could identify individuals who had different levels of fall risk. Therefore, those results could potentially be useful in the fall risk assessment and monitor the state of physical function in elderly population.

Impact of psychotic symptoms in functionality and quality of life of major depression patients in maintenance/continuation eletroconvulsive therapy (M/C ECT)

IntroductionPsychotic depression has a higher rate of disability and relapse than non psychotic depression, however the optimal maintenance treatment after an acute response to either the antidepressant/antipsychotic combination or an ECT course is unclear (Rothschild, 2013). Although ECT is an effective therapy in affective disorders and M/C ECT is used to achieve and maintain patient's stability (Brown, 2014), very little is known about its implications in functionality or quality of life.ObjectivesTo study the relation between psychotic symptoms and functionality and quality of life in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) undergoing M/C ECT.MethodologyTransversal descriptive study of a sample of 17 MDD patients in M/C ECT. Administration of SF-36 (quality of life related to health), FAQ (functionality), Family APGAR, MMSE, GAF, HDRS. Informed consent. Statistical analysis with SPSS18.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 72.47 years, 58.8% presented with psychotic symptoms and 41.2% with melancholic symptoms. We only found a statistically significant negative correlation between the Family APGAR and the presence of psychotic symptoms (U = –2.291, P = 0.025), without other differences in terms of functionality or quality of life.ConclusionsThis study supports that there is no implication in the presence of psychotic symptoms regarding functionality or quality of life among the patients undergoing M/C ECT. We emphasize the need for randomized control trials to disentangle the effects of multiple variables on the functionality and quality of life of patients in M/C ECT.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

MP71-11 URINARY SYMPTOMS AND MEDICATIONS USED IN MEN ATTENDING A NATIONAL HEALTH SCREENING PROGRAM

You have accessJournal of UrologyBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Evaluation and Symptoms1 Apr 2015MP71-11 URINARY SYMPTOMS AND MEDICATIONS USED IN MEN ATTENDING A NATIONAL HEALTH SCREENING PROGRAM Nelson Stone, Wendy Poage, and E. David Crawford Nelson StoneNelson Stone More articles by this author , Wendy PoageWendy Poage More articles by this author , and E. David CrawfordE. David Crawford More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.2624AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To identify which patient factors are associated with urinary symptom (AUASS) and nocturia severity (NoctSS) and the use of urinary medication in men attending a national health screening program. METHODS 3277 men with a median age of 63 years (IQ 56-69) participated in Prostate Cancer Awareness Week in 2013 and had testosterone (T), prostate specific antigen (PSA), cholesterol (Chol) determinations and completed an extensive screening questionnaire which included life style habits, coexisting diseases, body mass index (BMI), medication (UMED) use and prostate size (BPH) by digital rectal exam. Significant associations were determined by test for variance (ANOVA) for mean T, PSA, Chol and by chi-square (Pearson) for hypogonadal state (T<300 ng/dL), AUASS and NoctSS (0-7, 0-1 minimal-1, 8-19, 2-3 moderate-2, and 20-35, 4-5 severe-3) and medication use. The effect of multiple variables on AUASS and NoctSS were determined by linear regression. RESULTS AUASS and NoctSS were 1: 62.7% and 48.7%, 2: 30.8% and 40.3%, and 3: 6.4% and 11%, respectively. Median PSA was 1.11 ng/ml (IQ 0.62-2.2). AUASS and NoctSS were increased with older age (p<0.001), presence of BPH (p<0.001), HBP (p=0.026), smoking (p=0.001), increased fat intake (p=0.008), and high PSA (p<0.001), respectively. Increased BMI, presence of diabetes, low T or high Chol were not associated with increased symptoms. A history of prostatitis (n=185, 5.9%) was highly associated with AUASS (p<0.001, 12.4% vs 6.1%) but not for nocturia. Linear regression revealed age (p=0.001), PSA (p=0.041). BPH (p<0.001, HR 1.196, 95%CI 0.809-1.583) and prostatitis (p<0.001, HR 2.963, 95% CI 1.531-4.394) as significant for AUASS. For NoctSS age (p=0.001) and BPH (p=0.004) were significant. UMED was reported in 264 (8.4%) and was used 5x and 3.2x more frequently in men with AUASS, and NoctSS 2 and 3, respectively (p<0.001). However, in men with AUASS3 and NoctSS3, 72.4% and 89.05 (p<0.001) did not use UMED. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of moderate to severe urinary symptoms in a screened male population is substantial. 11% of men have nocturia 4-5x/night. An enlarged prostate by DRE and PSA > 2 ng/ml are associated with moderate to severe urinary symptoms and nocturia. A history of prostatitis increases the risk of AUASS by 3-fold. While UMED is utilized more often in symptomatic men, almost 90% of those with severe nocturia are not taking any medication. These data should assist physicians in identifying men with urinary symptoms and warrant further investigation as to why UMED usage is so limited in the most symptomatic individuals. © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 4SApril 2015Page: e915-e916 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Nelson Stone More articles by this author Wendy Poage More articles by this author E. David Crawford More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Comparison of Outcomes for Cervical Cancer Patients Treated With Radiation and Concurrent Weekly Cisplatin Versus Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil

2009, who were treated with a primary surgical approach, followed by EBRT. We excluded patients in whom the RTwas given prior to surgery or intraoperative. We compared patients who received EBRT alone with those who were treated with a combination of EBRT+BT. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed to evaluate the effect of multiple variables. Propensity score was used to compensate for non-random treatment assignment. Results: A total of 7,652 women were included. Fifty six percent received EBRT alone, and 44% were treated with a combination of EBRT +BT. Higher T-stage, N-stage and bigger tumor size were associated with shorter survival. The use of BT was associated with poor prognostic factors: older age, larger tumors, more advanced stage, less radical surgery, and fewer lymph nodes dissected. On multivariate analysis, the addition of BT to EBRT improved survival (HR Z 0.84, CI Z 0.74-0.95, p value Z 0.007). In order to determine who benefited most from the addition of BT, various multivariate regression models were built stratified by T stage, N stage, tumor size and operation-type. BT lengthened survival in T3a (HR Z 0.13 CI-0.02-0.7,pZ 0.017), T3b (HRZ 0.7 CI-0.57-0.87,pZ 0.001), N0 (HR Z 0.8 CI-0.68-0.94, p Z 0.007), tumors > Z 4cm (HR Z 0.79 CI-0.660.95,p Z 0.015) and patients that underwent only local excision (HR Z 0.7 CI-0.52-0.93,p Z 0.016); BT did not improve outcome in the other subgroups (T1, T2, T4, Node positive, tumors < 4 cm, and more radical surgeries). Finally we performed an analysis based on matched propensityscores. After matching, the addition of BT was found to increase median survival from 62.8 to 67.1 months (an absolute benefit of 4.3 months). Conclusions: Women with cervical cancer undergoing primary tumor resection have a survival benefit from the addition of BT to EBRT in the post-operative setting. Benefit from the addition of BT was most seen in those with stage T3 disease, bulky tumors, negative nodes, and tumors that had been only locally excised. Author Disclosure: S. Felder: None. O. Pail: None. S. Appel: None. Y. Korach: None. J. Goldstein: None. Z. Symon: None. Y.R. Lawrence: None.

Biased Sex Ratios in Plants: Theory and Trends

This paper examines the history of sex ratio theory and the effects of multiple variables on individual and population sex ratios. It also provides examples where plants have been used to test major predictions of sex ratio theory. Then, using over 200 studies from the literature, dioecious plant species are categorized based on their life form, pollination agent, fruit dispersal agent, and sex ratio. A loglinear analysis is used to look at possible correlations between the sex ratio of a population and other life history characteristics. These data are used to examine the predictions made by De Jong et al. (Journal of Evolutionary Biology 15:7, 2002), that relative pollen and seed dispersal distances can be used to predict sex ratio bias. Despite the limited sample size, strong relationships are still observed. 93% of insect pollinated dioecious vines that have biotically dispersed fruit have male-biased sex ratios. Conversely, 61% of shrubs that are wind pollinated and have abiotic fruit dispersal have female-biased sex ratios.

The effect of multiple variables on brain responses in overt picture naming: A multiple regression MEG study

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